β
The Mari ethnologist Natalya Glukhova divided Mari deities into high βcelestialβ gods (such as Kugu Yumo, the supreme deity, the sun god Osh Keche Yumo, and the sky god Kava Yumo) and βconcreteβ gods who were responsible for natural phenomena, such as gods of thunder, lightning, sunrise, and so on. However, there were also gods of fire, earth, abundance, and more specific deities such as Kinde Shochyn Yumo, responsible for the rye harvest.
β
β
Francis Young (Silence of the Gods: The Untold History of Europe's Last Pagan Peoples)