“
Madhva
refers to this practice as jijnasa, or inquiry; this can only occur when one is
free from preconceptions (duragraha) (Raghavendrachar 1953). Critical selfreflection is needed as one engages in study. To achieve this one needs the
compassion of Vishnu, but one also needs to make an effort by hearing the
texts, meditating upon them, contemplating them very deeply, studying them
regularly, and teaching them to others (sravana, manana, nididhyasana, svadhyaya, and pravacana). This formulation is not Madhva’s alone: “Yajfiavalkya
said: “You see, Maitreyi—it is the self (atman) which one should see and hear,
and on which one should reflect and concentrate. For by seeing and hearing
one’s self, and by reflecting and concentrating on one’s self, one gains the
knowledge of this whole world”’ (Brhad, 2.4.5).
”
”
Jonathan B. Edelmann (Hindu Theology and Biology: The Bhagavata Purana and Contemporary Theory (Oxford Theology and Religion Monographs))