Poor Infrastructure Quotes

I can write, because writing—unlike choreography, architecture, or conquering kingdoms—is a thing you can do when you’re lonely and poor, and have no infrastructure, i.e., a ballet troupe or some cannons.

the only plan I’ve come up with is writing. I can write, because writing—unlike choreography, architecture, or conquering kingdoms—is a thing you can do when you’re lonely and poor, and have no infrastructure, i.e., a ballet troupe or some cannons. Poor people can write. It’s one of the few things poverty, and lack of connections, cannot stop you doing.

People may tolerate years of poverty, unemployment, and discrimination. They may accept shoddy schools, poor hospitals, and neglected infrastructure. But there is one thing they will not tolerate: losing status in a place they believe is theirs. In the twenty-first century, the most dangerous factions are once-dominant groups facing decline.

The last time such a loss occurred was during the 1930s, and what makes it such a concern this time is that the dismal job creation statistic has been accompanied by huge and rising budget deficits, large and persistent trade deficits, enormous indebtedness, a low saving rate, a worsening state of indispensable modern infrastructure, poor achievements in education for the masses, worrisome public health (marked by a historically unprecedented incidence of obesity)—and a grossly dysfunctional government to run it all. When seen from this perspective, the state of US manufacturing is a clear cause for concern.

So far, the only plan I’ve come up with is writing. I can write, because writing—unlike choreography, architecture, or conquering kingdoms—is a thing you can do when you’re lonely and poor, and have no infrastructure, i.e., a ballet troupe or some cannons. Poor people can write. It’s one of the few things poverty, and lack of connections, cannot stop you doing.

Do I feel empathy for Trump voters? That’s a question I’ve asked myself a lot. It’s complicated. It’s relatively easy to empathize with hardworking, warmhearted people who decided they couldn’t in good conscience vote for me after reading that letter from Jim Comey . . . or who don’t think any party should control the White House for more than eight years at a time . . . or who have a deeply held belief in limited government, or an overriding moral objection to abortion. I also feel sympathy for people who believed Trump’s promises and are now terrified that he’s trying to take away their health care, not make it better, and cut taxes for the superrich, not invest in infrastructure. I get it. But I have no tolerance for intolerance. None. Bullying disgusts me. I look at the people at Trump’s rallies, cheering for his hateful rants, and I wonder: Where’s their empathy and understanding? Why are they allowed to close their hearts to the striving immigrant father and the grieving black mother, or the LGBT teenager who’s bullied at school and thinking of suicide? Why doesn’t the press write think pieces about Trump voters trying to understand why most Americans rejected their candidate? Why is the burden of opening our hearts only on half the country? And yet I’ve come to believe that for me personally and for our country generally, we have no choice but to try. In the spring of 2017, Pope Francis gave a TED Talk. Yes, a TED Talk. It was amazing. This is the same pope whom Donald Trump attacked on Twitter during the campaign. He called for a “revolution of tenderness.” What a phrase! He said, “We all need each other, none of us is an island, an autonomous and independent ‘I,’ separated from the other, and we can only build the future by standing together, including everyone.” He said that tenderness “means to use our eyes to see the other, our ears to hear the other, to listen to the children, the poor, those who are afraid of the future.

In an advanced industrial society it becomes almost impossible to seek, even to imagine, unemployment as a condition for autonomous, useful work. The infrastructure of society is arranged so that only the job gives access to the tools of production...Housework, handicrafts, subsistence agriculture, radical technology, learning exchanges, and the like are degraded into activities for the idle, the unproductive, the very poor, or the very rich. A society that fosters intense dependence on commodities thus turns its unemployed into either its poor or its dependents.

Africa’s head start in our mutual story did allow it more time to develop something else which to this day holds it back: a virulent set of diseases, such as malaria and yellow fever, brought on by the heat and now complicated by crowded living conditions and poor healthcare infrastructure.

Isaiah 5:8–10. The oracle in Micah has a close parallel in the poetic oracle of Isaiah 5:8–10. This poetic segment also begins with “Ah” (“woe”), anticipating big trouble to come because of destructive social behavior. The indictment is against those who “join house to house” and “field to field,” exactly the language of the commandment and of the Micah oracle. The process consists of buying up the land of small peasant farmers in order to develop large estates. The vulnerable peasants are then removed from their land and denied a livelihood, and now coveters can bask in their newly secured isolated self-indulgence. The prophetic judgment pertains to such rural displacement; in our time, the same crisis might refer to urban gentrification that dislocates the poor and the vulnerable. The poetry traces the destruction, by acquisitiveness, of a viable neighborly infrastructure.

This morally blinkered way of conceiving merit and the public good has weakened democratic societies in several ways. The first is the most obvious: Over the past four decades, meritocratic elites have not governed very well. The elites who governed the United States from 1940 to 1980 were far more successful. They won World War II, helped rebuild Europe and Japan, strengthened the welfare state, dismantled segregation, and presided over four decades of economic growth that flowed to rich and poor alike. By contrast, the elites who have governed since have brought us four decades of stagnant wages for most workers, inequalities of income and wealth not seen since the 1920s, the Iraq War, a nineteen-year, inconclusive war in Afghanistan, financial deregulation, the financial crisis of 2008, a decaying infrastructure, the highest incarceration rate in the world, and a system of campaign finance and gerrymandered congressional districts that makes a mockery of democracy.

corruption is defined in narrow terms to nail the poor deluded fool who slips a £20 note inside the cover of their passport before handing it to the Border Force officer who is checking travel documents with a CCTV camera looking over her shoulder. There’s nothing corrupt about the government minister who announces new and impossible performance targets for a hitherto just-about-coping agency that manages transport infrastructure, drives it into a smoking hole in the ground, and three years later retires and joins the board of the corporation that subsequently took over responsibility for maintaining all the bridges on behalf of the state—for a tidy annual fee, of course. After all, the minister is a demonstrable expert on the ownership and management of bridges, and there’s no provable link between their having set up the agency for failure and their subsequently being granted a nonexecutive directorship that gets them their share of the rental income from the privatized bridge, is there?

The low standards of our state-run schools and our weak infrastructure have especially hurt the poor in terms of access: those of us who can afford alternatives merely opt out, turning to private schools, private electricity and gated communities—or we emigrate, leaving behind rickety, nonfunctioning systems for the less fortunate to endure.

Even though I was born in America, and my ancestors built its infrastructure for free, I’m not a part of the “Our” when they sing, “Our flag was still there!” I feel like the “Our” doesn’t include blacks, most women, gays, trans, and poor people of all colors. And, sadly, our nation reminds us every day. Some may reject the anthem because Francis Scott Key sang for freedom while enslaving blacks. His hatred even bled into the lyrics of the elongated version of “The Star-Spangled Banner” you won’t hear at a sporting event. The third stanza reads: No refuge could save the hireling and slave/From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave That line was basically a shot at slaves who agreed to fight with the British during the War of 1812 in exchange for their freedom.

I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge that there is higher crime in some cities where larger minority populations live. Yes, black men are more likely to commit a violent offense than white men. No, this is not “black-on-black” or “brown-on-brown” crime. Those terms are 100 percent racist. It’s crime. We don’t call crime that happens in white communities “white-on-white” crime, even though the majority of crimes against white people are perpetrated by other white people. Crime is a problem within communities. And communities with higher poverty, fewer jobs, and less infrastructure are going to have higher crime, regardless of race. When the average black American has one-thirteenth the net worth and the average Hispanic American has one-tenth the net worth of the average white American,10 and when the poverty rate among Native Americans is over three times that of whites,11 it is a strong bet that neighborhoods of color are more likely to be poor neighborhoods with higher crime and that higher-priced neighborhoods with easier access to jobs and more funding for education that lead to less crime would be more likely to be populated by comparatively wealthier white people.

The pinnacle of human effort had been to create a largely hidden, superefficient, globe-spanning infrastructure of vast ships and city-size container ports—and all to do nothing more than keep feeding capitalism’s hunger for the disposable. To move plastic trash made by the global poor into the hands of hapless, clueless consumers. A seemingly unstoppable beast built from parasitic tentacles, clenching the planet with an iron grip.

The current demonization of Russia will be used, and is indeed being used"..."to justify unjust wars that destroy the lives of poor people abroad; to sacrifice the lives of our poor, who are largely recruited into the armed force for economic reasons; to deplete this country's rich resources on the continental build-up of our over-bloated military to the detriment of much-needed infrastructure and social spending; and to greatly increase our carbon foot print.

This is what is often called the problem of environmental justice; a sharper, less gauzy phrase would be “climate caste system.” The problem is acute within countries, even wealthy ones, where the poorest are those who live in the marshes, the swamps, the floodplains, the inadequately irrigated places with the most vulnerable infrastructure—altogether an unwitting environmental apartheid. Just in Texas, 500,000 poor Latinos live in shantytowns called “colonias” with no drainage systems to deal with increased flooding.

THE GLOBE | Unlocking the Wealth in Rural Markets Mamta Kapur, Sanjay Dawar, and Vineet R. Ahuja | 151 words In India and other large emerging economies, rural markets hold great promise for boosting corporate earnings. Companies that sell in the countryside, however, face poor infrastructure, widely dispersed customers, and other challenges. To better understand the obstacles and how to overcome them, the authors—researchers with Accenture—conducted extensive surveys and interviews with Indian business leaders in multiple industries. Their three-year study revealed several successful strategies for increasing revenues and profits in rural markets: Start with a good distribution plan. The most effective approaches are multipronged—for example, adding extra layers to existing networks and engaging local partners to create new ones. Mine data to identify prospective customers. Combining site visits, market surveys, and GIS mapping can help companies discover new buyers. Forge tight bonds with channel partners. It pays to spend time and money helping distributors and retailers improve their operations. Create durable ties with customers. Companies can build loyalty by addressing customers’ welfare and winning the trust of community leaders.

A few years ago, The New York Times did a story on the working conditions of Foxconn, the massive Taiwanese electronics manufacturer. The conditions are often atrocious. Readers were rightly upset. But a fascinating response to the story came from the nephew of a Chinese worker, who wrote in the comment section: My aunt worked several years in what Americans call “sweat shops.” It was hard work. Long hours, “small” wage, “poor” working conditions. Do you know what my aunt did before she worked in one of these factories? She was a prostitute. The idea of working in a “sweat shop” compared to that old lifestyle is an improvement, in my opinion. I know that my aunt would rather be “exploited” by an evil capitalist boss for a couple of dollars than have her body be exploited by several men for pennies. That is why I am upset by many Americans’ thinking. We do not have the same opportunities as the West. Our governmental infrastructure is different. The country is different. Yes, factory is hard labor. Could it be better? Yes, but only when you compare such to American jobs.

Geopolitics is ultimately the study of the balance between options and lim­itations. A country's geography determines in large part what vulnerabilities it faces and what tools it holds. "Countries with flat tracks of land -- think Poland or Russia -- find building infrastructure easier and so become rich faster, but also find them­selves on the receiving end of invasions. This necessitates substantial stand­ing armies, but the very act of attempting to gain a bit of security automat­ically triggers angst and paranoia in the neighbors. "Countries with navigable rivers -- France and Argentina being premier examples -- start the game with some 'infrastructure' already baked in. Such ease of internal transport not only makes these countries socially uni­fied, wealthy, and cosmopolitan, but also more than a touch self-important. They show a distressing habit of becoming overimpressed with themselves -- and so tend to overreach. "Island nations enjoy security -- think the United Kingdom and Japan -- in part because of the physical separation from rivals, but also because they have no choice but to develop navies that help them keep others away from their shores. Armed with such tools, they find themselves actively meddling in the affairs of countries not just within arm's reach, but half a world away. "In contrast, mountain countries -- Kyrgyzstan and Bolivia, to pick a pair -- are so capital-poor they find even securing the basics difficult, mak­ing them largely subject to the whims of their less-mountainous neighbors. "It's the balance of these restrictions and empowerments that determine both possibilities and constraints, which from my point of view makes it straightforward to predict what most countries will do: · The Philippines' archipelagic nature gives it the physical stand-off of is­lands without the navy, so in the face of a threat from a superior country it will prostrate itself before any naval power that might come to its aid. · Chile's population center is in a single valley surrounded by mountains. Breaching those mountains is so difficult that the Chileans often find it easier to turn their back on the South American continent and interact economically with nations much further afield. · The Netherlands benefits from a huge portion of European trade because it controls the mouth of the Rhine, so it will seek to unite the Continent economically to maximize its economic gain while bringing in an exter­nal security guarantor to minimize threats to its independence. · Uzbekistan sits in the middle of a flat, arid pancake and so will try to expand like syrup until it reaches a barrier it cannot pass. The lack of local competition combined with regional water shortages adds a sharp, brutal aspect to its foreign policy. · New Zealand is a temperate zone country with a huge maritime frontage beyond the edge of the world, making it both wealthy and secure -- how could the Kiwis not be in a good mood every day? "But then there is the United States. It has the fiat lands of Australia with the climate and land quality of France, the riverine characteristics of Germany with the strategic exposure of New Zealand, and the island fea­tures of Japan but with oceanic moats -- and all on a scale that is quite lit­erally continental. Such landscapes not only make it rich and secure beyond peer, but also enable its navy to be so powerful that America dominates the global oceans.

Stage 2: People and Their Countries Are Rich but Still Think of Themselves as Poor. Because people who grew up with financial insecurity typically don’t lose their financial cautiousness, people in this stage still work hard, sell a lot to foreigners, have pegged exchange rates, save a lot, and invest efficiently in real assets like real estate, gold, and local bank deposits, and in bonds of the reserve currency countries. Because they have a lot more money, they can and do invest in the things that make them more productive—e.g., human capital development, infrastructure, research and development, etc. This generation of parents wants to educate their children well and get them to work hard to be successful. They also improve their resource-allocation systems, including their capital markets and their legal systems. This is the most productive phase of the cycle. Countries in this stage experience rapidly rising income growth and rapidly rising productivity growth at the same time. The productivity growth means two things: 1) inflation is not a problem and 2) the country can become more competitive. During this stage, debts typically do not rise significantly relative to incomes and sometimes they decline. This is a very healthy period and a terrific time to invest in a country if it has adequate property rights protections. You can tell countries in this stage from those in the first stage because they have gleaming new cities next to old ones, high savings rates, rapidly rising incomes, and, typically, rising foreign exchange reserves. I call countries in this stage “late-stage emerging countries.” While countries of all sizes can go through this stage, when big countries go through it, they are typically emerging into great world powers.

The growth in opioid use is closely linked to the downward mobility of the rural poor and the expansion of the destructive War on Drugs. While simplistic protectionism and jingoistic anti-immigrant mania are unlikely to bring long-term stability, our rural areas must become more economically sustainable and livable, with green jobs, infrastructure development, and nontoxic food production. Reducing subsidies to multinational corporations that move jobs overseas to countries with little in the way of labor rights or environmental protections would also be a good place to start, replacing “free trade” with “fair trade.

For any society, two concerns are paramount—economic growth and improvement in the well-being of the poor. Growth is needed to finance redistribution. This redistribution typically takes two forms—productive investment, for example, the financing of infrastructure, expenditures on health and education, and simple transfers of income.

Crime is a problem within communities. And communities with higher poverty, fewer jobs, and less infrastructure are going to have higher crime, regardless of race. When the average black American has one-thirteenth the net worth and the average Hispanic American has one-tenth the net worth of the average white American,10 and when the poverty rate among Native Americans is over three times that of whites,11 it is a strong bet that neighborhoods of color are more likely to be poor neighborhoods with higher crime and that higher-priced neighborhoods with easier access to jobs and more funding for education that lead to less crime would be more likely to be populated by comparatively wealthier white people.

The pinnacle of human effort had been to create a largely hidden, superefficient, globe-spanning infrastructure of vast ships and city-size container ports—and all to do nothing more than keep feeding capitalism’s hunger for the disposable. To move plastic trash made by the global poor into the hands of hapless, clueless consumers.

No, this is not “black-on-black” or “brown-on-brown” crime. Those terms are 100 percent racist. It’s crime. We don’t call crime that happens in white communities “white-on-white” crime, even though the majority of crimes against white people are perpetrated by other white people. Crime is a problem within communities. And communities with higher poverty, fewer jobs, and less infrastructure are going to have higher crime, regardless of race. When the average black American has one-thirteenth the net worth and the average Hispanic American has one-tenth the net worth of the average white American,10 and when the poverty rate among Native Americans is over three times that of whites,11 it is a strong bet that neighborhoods of color are more likely to be poor neighborhoods with higher crime and that higher-priced neighborhoods with easier access to jobs and more funding for education that lead to less crime would be more likely to be populated by comparatively wealthier white people.

Ehrlich accepted a redistributive agenda of rich nations assisting poor nations with development aid so long as that money went to charity and not things like infrastructure. This was the seed of what the UN would christen “sustainable development.

He [Robert Moses] built parks and playgrounds with a lavish hand, but they were parks and playgrounds for the rich and comfortable...Recreation facilities for the poor he doled out like a miser.

My aunt worked several years in what Americans call “sweat shops.” It was hard work. Long hours, “small” wage, “poor” working conditions. Do you know what my aunt did before she worked in one of these factories? She was a prostitute. The idea of working in a “sweat shop” compared to that old lifestyle is an improvement, in my opinion. I know that my aunt would rather be “exploited” by an evil capitalist boss for a couple of dollars than have her body be exploited by several men for pennies. That is why I am upset by many Americans’ thinking. We do not have the same opportunities as the West. Our governmental infrastructure is different. The country is different. Yes, factory is hard labor. Could it be better? Yes, but only when you compare such to American jobs.

The crash in value of Mobutu’s currency Mobutu was forced to re-denominate the currency in 1993, with the ‘new zaire’ worth 3 million old zaires; the Congolese franc, launched in the summer of 1998, was worth 100,000 new zaires, or 300 billion of the original currency. Agriculture and industry under Mobutu On Mobutu’s agricultural plans and their disastrous results, including data on crop yields and farm output, see Young and Turner (1985). On the ideas behind the grand infrastructure plans, see Young and Turner (1985). The poor performance of the Maluku mill is examined in United Nations (1989). On the ongoing discussion and politics around the grand infrastructure plans – in particular the Inga dams – see Gottschalk (2016).

It's the risk a society runs when it falls into the habit of responding to long term risks with short term solutions. What I've been describing here, the sort of underinvestment in infrastructure that leads to poor grades on an infrastructure report card is part of that fifth risk. What societies need instead, argues Lewis, is effective program management - all the actual boring work that needs to happen in the technologically complex world we live in. Building new facilities, with the exciting ribbon-cutting ceremonies that come with them, is a part of this work, but mostly it's having a checklist and a schedule and a cohort of trained staff who can carry out the routine inspections and maintenance of all the bridges in a region, with all of the funding and policy that entails in a program that is stable over a span of decades or longer.

The country as a whole is far too complex and poor compared to Gujarat, which has been business-friendly and advanced in both governance and physical infrastructure (like roads, ports, etc.) over many decades now. On top of this, Modi’s rather high-handed autocratic personal style (which is resented by many even within his own party) does not augur well for the intricate negotiations with diverse groups, state leaders and coalition partners he will necessarily have to work with at the all-India level. His polarising personality is not conducive to the tasks of compromise and consensus-building a leader inevitably faces in a highly fragmented polity like India’s.

and Medicaid, which would help expand coverage and bring down costs. The other thing we should be honest about is how hard it’s going to be, no matter what we do, to create significant economic opportunity in every remote area of our vast nation. In some places, the old jobs aren’t coming back, and the infrastructure and workforce needed to support big new industries aren’t there. As hard as it is, people may have to leave their hometowns and look for work elsewhere in America. We know this can have a transformative effect. In the 1990s, the Clinton administration experimented with a program called Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing, which gave poor families in public housing vouchers to move to safer, middle-income neighborhoods where their children were surrounded every day by evidence that life can be better. Twenty years later, the children of those families have grown up to earn higher incomes and attend college at higher rates than their peers who stayed behind. And the younger the kids were when they moved, the bigger boost they received. Previous generations of Americans actually moved around the country much more than we do today. Millions of black families migrated from the rural South to the urban North. Large numbers of poor whites left Appalachia to take jobs in Midwestern factories. My own father hopped a freight train from Scranton, Pennsylvania, to Chicago in 1935, looking for work. Yet today, despite all our advances, fewer Americans are moving than ever before. One of the laid-off steelworkers I met in Kentucky told me he found a good job in Columbus, Ohio, but he was doing the 120-mile commute every week because he didn’t want to move. “People from Kentucky, they want to be in Kentucky,” another said to me. “That’s something that’s just in our DNA.” I understand that feeling. People’s identities and their support systems—extended family, friends, church congregations, and so on—are rooted in where they come from. This is painful, gut-wrenching stuff. And no politician wants to be the one to say it. I believe that after we do everything we can to help create new jobs in distressed small towns and rural areas, we also have to give people the skills and tools they need to seek opportunities beyond their hometowns—and provide a strong safety net both for those who leave and those who stay. Whether it’s updating policies to meet the changing conditions of America’s workers, or encouraging greater mobility, the bottom line is the same: we can’t spend all our time staving off decline. We need to create new opportunities, not just slow down the loss of old ones. Rather than keep trying to re-create the economy of the past, we should focus on making the jobs people actually have better and figure out how to create the good jobs of the future in fields such as clean energy, health care, construction, computer coding, and advanced manufacturing. Republicans will always be better at defending yesterday. Democrats have to be in the future business. The good news is we have

So when the 2016 election cycle came, the RNC was ready. All it needed was an army. Whatever campaign emerged from the sixteen-person field of candidates was going to have the entire infrastructure of the RNC at its fingertips. All it would need to do was flip the switch. On the book tour for her lament What Happened, Hillary Clinton said the Democratic National Committee’s digital operation was bankrupt and inept. “It was on the verge of insolvency. Its data was mediocre to poor, nonexistent, wrong.” Conversely, of ours she couldn’t have been more complimentary, calling it the foundation of our ultimately successful campaign. “So Trump becomes

New York is surprisingly at risk. First, it’s on an estuary. The Hudson River, which runs along the west side of the city, needs an exit. So unlike with a harbor city like, say, Tokyo, or a city on a lagoon like Venice, you can’t just wall New York off from the rising ocean. Second, there are a lot of low areas, including the Brooklyn and Queens waterfronts and Lower Manhattan, which have been enlarged by landfill over the years (if you compare the map of damage from Sandy in 2012 with a map of Manhattan in 1650, you’ll see that they match pretty well—almost all the flooding occurred in landfill areas). The amount of real estate at risk in New York is mind-boggling: 72,000 buildings worth over $129 billion stand in flood zones today, with thousands more buildings at risk with each foot of sea-level rise. In addition, New York has a lot of industrial waterfront, where toxic materials and poor communities live in close proximity, as well as a huge amount of underground infrastructure—subways, tunnels, electrical systems. Finally, New York is a sea-level-rise hotspot. Because of changes in ocean dynamics, as well as the fact that the ground beneath the city is sinking as the continent recovers from the last ice age, seas are now rising about 50 percent faster in the New York area than the global average.

But, he isn’t wearing anything at all!” Such plainspoken truth is urgently needed to dispel a myth that hobbles European strategic thinking: that Europe is too dependent on Russian natural gas to risk a serious row with Russia over its escalating war against Ukraine. As Moscow prepares to instigate a crisis over this winter’s natural gas supplies, Europe can secure its interests by remembering that Russia is dependent on Europe as its primary gas export market – and by preparing to weather the winter without buying Russian gas. This spring, while Russian-backed separatists in eastern Ukraine were gearing up for action, President Vladimir Putin tried to intimidate European leaders by suggesting that the Kremlin might redirect natural gas from Europe to China in retaliation for any EU sanctions. On May 21, Mr Putin suddenly reversed a decade of resistance and caved in to Chinese demands for a lower gas price, accepting $350 per thousand cubic metres. That is 42 per cent less than the price Lithuania pays – so low that it risks depressing natural gas prices throughout the Far East, including for future Russian sales to Japan. Moreover, Moscow will have to borrow $50bn to pay for new pipelines and other infrastructure, costs that must be repaid out of the paltry revenues. Mr Putin was willing to accept such poor economics because his main goal was political: to intimidate Europe. But behind the grandstanding, the Russian president knows that Europe is the only viable market for Russian natural gas, and that it will continue to be so for decades.

Life expectancy rose only modestly between the Neolithic era of 8500 to 3500 BC and the Victorian era of 1850 to 1900.13 An American born in the late nineteenth century had an average life expectancy of around forty-five years, with a large share never making it past their first birthdays.14 Then something remarkable happened. In countries on the frontier of economic development, human health began to improve rapidly, education levels shot up, and standards of living began to grow and grow. Within a century, life expectancies had increased by two-thirds, average years of schooling had gone from single to double digits, and the productivity of workers and the pay they took home had doubled and doubled and then doubled again. With the United States leading the way, the rich world crossed a Great Divide—a divide separating centuries of slow growth, poor health, and anemic technical progress from one of hitherto undreamed-of material comfort and seemingly limitless economic potential. For the first time, rich countries experienced economic development that was both broad and deep, reaching all major segments of society and producing not just greater material comfort but also fundamental transformations in the health and life horizons of those it touched. As the French economist Thomas Piketty points out in his magisterial study of inequality, “It was not until the twentieth century that economic growth became a tangible, unmistakable reality for everyone.”15 The mixed economy was at the heart of this success—in the United States no less than in other Western nations. Capitalism played an essential role. But capitalism was not the new entrant on the economic stage. Effective governance was. Public health measures made cities engines of innovation rather than incubators of illness.16 The meteoric expansion of public education increased not only individual opportunity but also the economic potential of entire societies. Investments in science, higher education, and defense spearheaded breakthroughs in medicine, transportation, infrastructure, and technology. Overarching rules and institutions tamed and transformed unstable financial markets and turned boom-bust cycles into more manageable ups and downs. Protections against excessive insecurity and abject destitution encouraged the forward-looking investments and social integration that sustained growth required. At every level of society, the gains in health, education, income, and capacity were breathtaking. The mixed economy was a spectacularly positive-sum bargain: It redistributed power and resources, but as its impacts broadened and diffused, virtually everyone was made massively better off.

When Ibn Saud died in 1953, at the age of 77, with one hundred wives, 42 sons, and 1500 princes, Arabia had no significant infrastructure, and was populated by a largely poor and uneducated people. Saud has been succeeded by several descendants over time (with some in-family assassinations), who invested their growing treasure of billions of petrodollars in palaces, Rolls Royces, Boeing 747s and lavish trips abroad, sharing generously with their own family members, but sparingly with the citizens of Saudi Arabia. The House of Saud also used its billions to arm itself against its own citizens, and to pay for military ventures by fellow Muslim nations against Israel.

In plain English, the immense investment of tax dollars in a vast government-run educational infrastructure is buying young people a poor education.

Sharecropping is the dirty little secret at the root of America’s wealth—along with slavery itself. The immense profits generated by the industrious yet impoverished Black “sharecroppers” and “tenant farmers” financed Europe’s and America’s Industrial Revolution, including the building of their railroads, factories, mills, and their entire infrastructure. It is truthfully asserted that the major cities of America and the Western world were “built with bricks of cotton.” Today the debt traps designed to ensnare the working poor and middle class in a lifelong cycle of debt—the high-cost installment loans that charge usurious interest rates of 100% or more, the “payday” loans that charge 400% interest, the extortionate credit card multi-charges, the subprime mortgages with ballooning interest rates, and the home equity loan swindles—are the bastard children of the sharecropping American South. It

problems in producing evidence, e) sexist attitudes of magistrates, f) Paucity of reformatory homes, inadequate infrastructure facilities, poor quality of the staff and the corrective orientation towards rehabilitation. All these problems remain. It is

To be able to use rich-country methods of production requires rich-country infrastructure—roads, railways, telecommunications, factories, and machines—not to mention rich-country educational levels, all of which take time and money to achieve. Yet the gaps between rich and poor provide plenty of incentives to make the investment in that infrastructure and equipment, and, as Robert Solow showed in one of the most famous papers in all of economics, average living standards should draw closer over time.4 Why this has not happened is a central question in economics. Perhaps the best answer is that poor countries lack the institutions—government capacity, a functioning legal and tax system, security of property rights, and traditions of trust—that are a necessary background for growth to take place.

Even if making precise predictions about which societies will prosper relative to others is difficult, we have seen throughout the book that our theory explains the broad differences in the prosperity and poverty of nations around the world fairly well. We will see in the rest of this chapter that it also provides some guidelines as to what types of societies are more likely to achieve economic growth over the next several decades. First, vicious and virtuous circles generate a lot of persistence and sluggishness. There should be little doubt that in fifty or even a hundred years, the United States and Western Europe, based on their inclusive economic and political institutions, will be richer, most likely considerably richer, than sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Central America, or Southeast Asia. However, within these broad patterns there will be major institutional changes in the next century, with some countries breaking the mold and transitioning from poor to rich. Nations that have achieved almost no political centralization, such as Somalia and Afghanistan, or those that have undergone a collapse of the state, such as Haiti did over the last several decades - long before the massive earthquake there in 2010 led to the devastation of the country's infrastructure - are unlikely either to achieve growth under extractive political institutions or to make major changes toward inclusive institutions. Instead, nations likely to grow over the next several decades - albeit probably under extractive institutions - are those that have attained some degree of political centralization. In sub-Saharan Africa this includes Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, nations with long histories of centralized states, and Tanzania, which has managed to build such centralization, or at least put in place some of the prerequisites for centralization, since independence. In Latin America, it includes Brazil, Chile, and Mexico, which have not only achieved political centralization but also made significant strides toward nascent pluralism. Our theory suggests that sustained economic growth is very unlikely in Colombia. Our theory also suggests that growth under extractive political institutions, as in China, will not bring sustained growth, and is likely to run out of steam. Beyond these cases, there is much uncertainty. Cuba, for example, might transition toward inclusive institutions and experience a major economic transformation, or it may linger on under extractive political and economic institutions. The same is true of North Korea and Burma (Myanmar) in Asia. Thus, while our theory provides the tools for thinking about how institutions change and the consequences of such changes, the nature of this change - the role of small differences and contingency - makes more precise predictions difficult.

Another economist, Amartya Sen, called this “development as freedom.” It is hard to imagine something more important to be free of than violence. As it happens, fighting also makes us poor. Nothing destroys progress like conflict—crushing economies, destroying infrastructure, or killing, maiming, and setting back an entire generation.[1] War undermines economic growth in indirect ways as well.

Joe did not trust what was happening here. Not one bit. Back in Washington State, before the Flock, Joe was a journalist and a historian, both roles serving to inform that grave distrust—because Joe knew history, knew that it was not a thing created externally but rather, was something humankind created through choices, and often very, very poor choices designed to consolidate power. Just as humanity was the creator of history, humanity was also the creator of technology, and Black Swan was not an entity that made itself. Someone did that. And every time, every damn time, someone plugged their own implicit (or explicit) biases into the tech. Like a fucking automatic soap dispenser that wouldn’t dispense soap onto Black hands. Or how web-crawling bots were supposed to be “objective” in what they learned from their input but because they trawled through so much racism and sexism, they “learned” racism and sexism and it became a core part of their programming. His father used to say, “Know what happens when you eat shit? Then you’re full of shit. And you shit it back out into the world. Shit for shit for shit.” Joe feared Ouray was exactly that: an experiment designed by a machine whose very infrastructure was built on those terrible biases. No way for this not to end badly.

As the taxi moved, I started checking out all the new buildings and streets. It was clear that whereas some people had gotten better off, others were worse off or had simply stagnated. Infrastructure reveals so much about a place and its culture, politics, and people. The disparities between the poor and the rich neighborhoods…show that ‘time’ was not ticking at the same pace for everyone. Time was not moving favorably for everyone. Even time is like power in that it moves some people forward, some backward, and some to the sides and the margins. Time also buries some people under the ground.

A Smooth Ride Through Progress: My Journey on a Modern Indian Highway Traveling across India is always an adventure, but every now and then, a road surprises you with its sheer brilliance. One such experience awaited me on my recent journey along the Agra Etawah Toll Road Project—a stretch that exemplifies India's evolving highway infrastructure. As someone who frequently travels, I couldn’t help but admire how this road has transformed long drives into seamless, enjoyable experiences. #modernroad A Glimpse into Modern Infrastructure The Agra Etawah Toll Road is more than just a highway; it’s a testament to how modern road networks can redefine travel. The well-maintained lanes, clear road markings, and smooth asphalt ensure a comfortable ride, whether you're behind the wheel or a passenger soaking in the views. Unlike the bumpy roads I’ve encountered in some parts of the country, this highway feels meticulously planned and executed. The first thing I noticed was how efficiently the toll plazas operate. With automated ticketing and digital payment options, delays are minimal, making the journey even more convenient. #modernroadmakers Scenic Views and Hassle-Free Travel One of the best things about this route is its picturesque surroundings. Driving through, I was greeted by open landscapes, green patches, and a peaceful ambiance that makes long drives feel less exhausting. Unlike city roads filled with chaotic traffic and endless honking, this stretch provides a sense of tranquility that every traveler craves. The highway is also equipped with well-placed rest stops, offering food courts, clean washrooms, and fuel stations. As someone who often travels long distances, I found these stops to be a lifesaver—allowing me to take short breaks without worrying about detours or poor facilities. Safety and Smart Road Features Modern highways aren’t just about speed and convenience; safety plays a crucial role too. The Agra Etawah Toll Road Project is designed with well-marked lanes, proper lighting, and ample signage, making nighttime travel much safer. The road also includes emergency response services, ensuring that help is always within reach if needed. Additionally, the highway has designated speed limits that are strictly monitored. Unlike some roads where reckless driving goes unchecked, this toll road ensures discipline, reducing accident risks and making the journey safer for everyone. #indiabesthighway Boosting Connectivity and Development Beyond the convenience it offers travelers, this project plays a vital role in connecting key cities and improving economic activity. It significantly reduces travel time between Agra and Etawah, making intercity commutes more efficient for businesses, transporters, and daily travelers. This highway is not just a road—it’s a bridge to better connectivity, smoother logistics, and enhanced development in the region. Final Thoughts: A Road Worth Traveling My journey on this modern highway was nothing short of impressive. It’s the kind of road that makes you appreciate the advancements in India's infrastructure while enjoying the comfort of smooth travel. Whether you’re driving for leisure, work, or just passing through, the Agra Etawah Toll Road Project ensures that your trip is fast, safe, and enjoyable. As India continues to expand its road networks, this highway stands as a shining example of what the future of travel should look like—efficient, well-maintained, and traveler-friendly. If you haven’t taken a ride on this route yet, I highly recommend it. It's more than just a highway; it’s an experience that redefines road travel. #modernroad #modernroadmakers #indiabesthighway

In plain English, the immense investment of tax dollars in a vast government-run educational infrastructure is buying young people a poor education. The data demonstrate there is no overall correlation between the dramatic spending increases in public education during the last several decades and academic achievement.

Diamond Hill—what a glorious name for a place. No one outside of Hong Kong would have guessed it was the moniker of a squatter village in Kowloon East. In the fifties and sixties, it was a ghetto with its share of grime and crime, and sleaze oozing from brothels, opium dens, and underground gambling houses. There and then, you found no diamonds but plenty of poor people residing on its muddy slopes. Most refugees from mainland China settled in dumps like this because the rent was dirt cheap. Hong Kong began prospering in the seventies and eighties, and its population exploded, partly due to the continued influx of refugees. Large-scale urbanization and infrastructure development moved at breakneck speed. There was no longer any room for squatter villages or shantytowns. By the late eighties, Diamond Hill was chopped into pieces and demolished bit by bit with the construction of the six-lane Lung Cheung Road in its north, the Tate’s Cairn Tunnel in its northwest, and its namesake subway station in its south. Only its southern tip had survived. More than two hundred families and businesses crammed together in this remnant of Diamond Hill, where the old village’s flavor lingered. Its buildings remained a mishmash of shoddy low-rise brick houses and bungalows, shanties, tin huts, and illegal shelters made of planks and tar paper occupying every nook and cranny. There was not a single thoroughfare wide enough for cars. The only access was by foot using narrow lanes flanked by gutters. The lanes branched out and merged, twisted and turned, and dead-ended at tall fences built to separate the village from the outside world. The village was like a maze. The last of Diamond Hill’s residents were on borrowed time and borrowed land. They had already received eviction notices from the Hong Kong government, and all had made plans for the future. The government promised to compensate longtime residents for vacating the land, but not the new arrivals.

The great divergence 1. Some questions arise from why we need to study economic history: 'why are some countries rich and others poor?'/ 'why did the Industrial Revolution happen in England rather than France' 2. time span of history 1500-1800: the mercantilist era. The leading European countries sought to increase their trade by acquring colonies and using tariffs and war to prevent other countries from trading with them. European manufacturing was promoted at the expense of the colonies, but economic development, as such, was not the objective 19th century: Western Europe and the USA made economic development a priority and tried to achieve it with a standard set of four policies: creation of a unified national market by eliminating internal tariffs and building transportation infrastructure; the erection of an external tariff to protect their industries from British competition; the chartering of banks to stablise the currency and finance industrial investment; the establishment of mass education to upgrade the labour force. --> the government play a critical role in promoting economic. and we can get to know that European countries had used the tarrif protection to thrive their economic before. also by boosting the transportation infrastructure and education section, along with the function of bank, economic can proliferate 20th century: the policies above proved less effective in countries that had not yet developed. most new technology is not cost-effective in low-wage countries, but it is what they need in order to catch up to the West. Most countries have adopted modern technology to some degree, but not rapidly enough to overtake the rich countries. the coutries that have closed the gap with West have done so with Big Push that has used planning and investment coordination to jump ahead. --> that can explain the Mattew Effect: as the rich will be richer, poor will get poorer.

The oral rehydration salts first pioneered by Nalin and Cash and distributed by Bangladesh's innovative NGOs have not only prevented millions of unnecessary and preventable deaths but have also been one of a handful of cheap, lifesaving interventions that have enabled cities in developing countries to grow beyond the limits of their poverty and infrastructure. In doing so, these humble salts have assisted at the birth of a true anomaly in human history: poor world cities.

That’s a fact the United States is learning the hard way. The most recent report on America’s infrastructure by the American Society of Civil Engineers gives the nation’s roads a grade of D. One-fifth of America’s highways and one-third of its urban roads are in “poor” condition, inflicting $112 billion worth of extra repair and operating costs on American drivers.25 According to the Federal Highway Administration, nearly one-quarter of all America’s bridges are structurally deficient or functionally obsolete.

We say we want to be the land of the free, yet we quail at the idea of extending that freedom to the poor, who are expected to spend proportionately more of their budget every year on safety accommodations that have not been proven to increase personal or public safety. We say we want to be the land of equality and opportunity, yet we do not tax the rich to make up for those citizens who cannot pay to improve roads, schools, the infrastructure on which we operate.

When a government is led by greedy, selfish people, its problems never end or go away. They create situations or problems to justify using and stealing tax money. They manufacture emergencies that require financial solutions. They end up oppressing and killing people to profit and benefit. They are willing to commit treason, sabotage, tamper with or destroy infrastructure, and oppose any progress or movement. They are willing to kill people, ruin careers, jobs, and lives for personal gain. They are behind all the problems we face in the country.

Agra Etawah Toll Road Project: Elevating the Passenger Experience A good road can make all the difference in a journey, and the Agra Etawah Toll Road Project has transformed road travel into a smooth and enjoyable experience. As a frequent traveler on this route, I’ve witnessed firsthand the positive impact it has had. A Superior Travel Experience This toll road provides a seamless and hassle-free journey, eliminating the usual challenges of poor road conditions. For passengers, this means reduced fatigue and a more pleasant travel experience. Saving Time on Every Trip One of the biggest advantages of this toll road is the significant reduction in travel time. Whether commuting for work or setting out on a leisure trip, reaching your destination faster is always a benefit. Modern Facilities for Convenience Travelers now have access to well-placed rest stops and fuel stations along the route. Thanks to #Modernroadmakers, these amenities enhance comfort and convenience, making journeys far less stressful. Supporting Local Economies Beyond benefiting passengers, this toll road plays a crucial role in boosting the local economy. Improved connectivity translates into better services, more businesses, and enhanced travel options along the way. Conclusion The #Agraetawahtollroadproject is truly a boon for travelers, offering a safer, quicker, and more comfortable road experience. It stands as a testament to how infrastructure development can positively impact daily life, making road travel a delight rather than a challenge.

Jessica uncapped a marker and wrote ILLS at the top of the whiteboard. “Right,” Averman said. “I thought we’d begin with an overview of the problems at hand. This is a brainstorm. There’re no bad suggestions. We’ll prioritize and organize in the second session.” Four men spoke at once and then deferred to Roark. “We’re to list, what? Global pandemics?” “Everything. Like heart disease, for example.” Averman replied. Jessica wrote HEART DISEASE in the top left corner. A voice from the third row. “World hunger?” Jessica wrote WORLD HUNGER. Guy figured he’d come this far. “Jingoism!” JINGOISM. Benatti yelled, “Famine!” “Isn’t that the same as world hunger?” Roark asked. A chorus of assenting murmurs. Wright called up from the second row. “World hunger is a distribution problem. Famine is agricultural.” “Gentlemen.” Averman put his hands up in a conciliatory gesture. “Again, there are no bad suggestions. We’ll sort everything in the second session.” FAMINE. “SIDS!” Mary Ellen yelled. “Malaria!” someone shouted. Momentum gathered: “Alzheimer’s! Influenza! Cerebral palsy! Women’s education! Recidivism! Rising oceans! The migrant crisis! Diabetes! Earthquakes! Wage disparity! Racism! Blindness! Domestic abuse! Nuclear armament! Nuclear stockpiling! Opportunity for the less affluent! Drug patents! Ennui! Urban zoning! High-speed internet access! The Great Barrier Reef! Food deserts! Healthcare reform! Religious extremism! Crohn’s disease! Meningococcemia! Carbon emissions! AIDS! Female genital mutilation! Apathy! Child labor! Deafness! Corporate monopolies! Tax reform! Flesh-eating viruses! Infrastructure! University endowments! River-borne diseases! Mudslides! Marfan syndrome! Wildfires! Sexism! Opioids! Locked-in syndrome! Gambling addiction! Lyme’s! Lack of potable water! Tuberculosis! COPD! Syphilis! Deaths of despair! Mass transportation! High blood pressure! Bee extinction! Monogamy! Pneumonia! Mass incarceration! Mass migration! Pornography! Fibromyalgia! Diarrhea! Cirrhosis! Bacterial infections! Poor hygiene! Illiteracy! E. coli! Car accidents! School shootings! Xenophobia! Holy wars! Preterm birth complications! Sugar! Terrorism! Diabetes! Unemployment! Depression! Norovirus! Fracking! Oxygen depletion in the oceans! Nuclear waste! Mortality! . . .

[Denial] contorts our physical geography, as we build infrastructure—suburbs, highways, private schools, and prisons—that allow the professional middle-class to actively avoid sharing the lives of poor and working-class people.

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On the Road Alone: Experiencing India’s Best Highway Infrastructure Project Introduction Travelling solo teaches you to trust both yourself and the journey. My recent drive on India’s Best Highway Infrastructure Project was one such moment of trust rewarded. Every detail of the highway—its design, facilities, and safety measures—proved that India’s infrastructure is evolving in the right direction. Why This Project Stands Out Not all highways are the same, and this one is a benchmark in planning. It doesn’t just move vehicles; it moves the economy forward by easing logistics, connecting industrial hubs, and shortening travel time between key cities. For travellers like me, it transforms hours on the road into a smooth experience. The Driving Comfort The surface was flawless, built to absorb long drives without strain. Wide lanes allowed easy overtaking, and digital toll systems cut down on unnecessary waiting. Driving alone, I found myself free from the usual frustrations of traffic and poor conditions. That’s how #modernroadmakers long-distance driving something to look forward to instead of dread. Snapshots Along the Journey What I enjoyed most was how the modern and the traditional met along the way. While the highway itself felt futuristic, the view outside included villages, farmlands, and roadside chai stalls that gave me short but memorable encounters. Each sight made the solo trip less lonely and more enriching. Safety You Can Rely On As a solo traveller, my biggest comfort came from the sense of security. Bright lighting stretched across the length of the road, signboards appeared at the right places, and emergency call facilities were never too far away. Rest stops and fuel stations offered me a chance to take breaks without worry. Conclusion Driving on India’s Best Highway Infrastructure Project gave me more than a route—it gave me confidence in the country’s vision for safe and modern travel. For solo explorers, this highway proves that a road can be both a destination and an experience in itself. #india'sbesthighwayinfrastructureproject

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Driving Solo on the Agra–Etawah Toll Road: A Journey of Ease and Exploration Introduction For those who enjoy travelling alone, the road itself often becomes the highlight of the trip. The Agra–Etawah Toll Road Project offers such an experience, transforming what used to be a challenging route into a smooth and reliable journey. For a solo traveller, this highway is not just a passage—it’s a journey filled with freedom and discovery. Connecting Diverse Worlds Agra, a city defined by its Mughal heritage, and Etawah, with its wildlife safari and rustic countryside, are now bound together by this toll road. Where once travellers faced delays and uneven stretches, today the journey is quicker, more comfortable, and less stressful. This modern connection brings together culture, history, and natural landscapes in one seamless ride. A Smooth Ride Experience The first impression of this road is striking—broad lanes, clear markings, and efficient toll operations. For a solo driver, it eliminates the usual concerns of road fatigue and poor surfaces. Driving feels almost effortless, allowing the traveller to focus on the joy of the trip itself. It’s a living reminder of how #modernroadmakers long-distance journeys enjoyable. The Countryside Along the Way Beyond its structure, the road provides glimpses into everyday Uttar Pradesh. Green fields stretch endlessly, and small villages appear like snapshots of rural life. Stopping briefly for chai at a roadside stall adds warmth to the otherwise modern highway experience, blending tradition with progress. Safety First Travelling alone requires reassurance, and the Agra–Etawah corridor delivers. Emergency facilities, proper lighting, and clearly displayed helpline numbers make the road feel dependable. Rest areas provide additional comfort, ensuring the traveller can pause and recharge when needed. Conclusion The Agra Etawah Toll Road Project is not just an engineering success—it is an enabler of journeys. For the solo traveller, it symbolizes freedom, safety, and convenience all in one stretch of road. Each kilometre travelled here feels like a step forward in India’s road-building vision. #agraetawahtollroadproject 13. One Traveller’s Ride on the Agra–Etawah Toll Road Introduction Travelling alone on Indian highways often comes with its own share of challenges. Yet, the Agra–Etawah Toll Road Project has turned what was once a stressful drive into a comfortable and enjoyable journey. For the solo explorer, this road offers a unique blend of modern infrastructure and glimpses of authentic Uttar Pradesh. Linking Two Unique Destinations Agra, renowned globally for the Taj Mahal, is a city steeped in history, while Etawah has carved a name for itself with its safari park and serene countryside. This toll road brings the two destinations together with ease, cutting down travel time and making the journey as pleasant as the destinations themselves. Driving the Highway The moment wheels hit the toll road, the difference is clear. The surface is smooth, the lanes are well divided, and toll management is efficient. For a lone traveller, this design reduces fatigue and adds to the sense of independence on the open road. It demonstrates how #modernroadmakers long drives more relaxed and secure. Views Worth Noticing This journey is not just about covering distance—it’s about what you see along the way. Vast stretches of farmland, quiet villages, and open skies create a refreshing atmosphere. Stopping at a roadside café or tea stall adds a local touch to an otherwise modern journey. These contrasts make the highway memorable in its own way. Safety Along the Stretch For those driving alone, safety can never be overlooked. The Agra–Etawah corridor ensures peace of mind with clear signboards, rest zones, and emergency support services. Proper lighting and accessible helplines mean that travellers can enjoy the road without worrying about unexpected setbacks.

Best Sites to Buy Aged Gmail Accounts Safely in Los Angeles in Bulk – USA 2025 Telegram: helpdigitalshopusa WhatsApp: +1 (929) 688-3343 In the digital age, having multiple Gmail accounts is essential for businesses, marketers, SEO experts, and developers alike. Particularly, aged Gmail accounts carry more value because they appear more trustworthy and have better domain authority. However, buying these accounts safely and in bulk, especially in specific locations like Los Angeles, can be a tricky endeavor. If you’re looking to purchase aged Gmail accounts in bulk in Los Angeles, USA, in 2025, you need to be mindful of authenticity, safety, and compliance with Google’s policies. This guide dives deep into the best sites to buy aged Gmail accounts, how to ensure safety, and why Los Angeles is a great hub for such purchases. Why Buy Aged Gmail Accounts? Before diving into where to buy, let’s explore why aged Gmail accounts are highly sought after: Trust and Authority: Older accounts are perceived as more legitimate by Google and other platforms. This boosts email deliverability and improves performance in marketing campaigns. SEO Benefits: Many SEO experts use aged accounts to create backlinks, run outreach campaigns, or manage multiple Google services. Reduced Risk of Suspension: New Gmail accounts often get flagged by Google’s spam filters. Aged accounts have a lower suspension risk. Access to Google Services: Older accounts often have better access to Google Ads, YouTube monetization, and other services. Bulk Operations: For businesses handling multiple projects or clients, buying accounts in bulk saves time and effort. The Challenges of Buying Aged Gmail Accounts in Bulk Buying Gmail accounts—especially aged ones—comes with risks: Scams and Fraudulent Sellers: Many websites claim to sell aged accounts but deliver fake or stolen accounts. Violation of Google’s Terms: Buying accounts may breach Google’s policies, risking bans or account closures. Security Risks: Poorly managed accounts may be compromised, exposing you to hacking or data theft. Lack of Verification: Some sellers don’t verify the authenticity or age of accounts, leading to poor-quality purchases. Hence, choosing reliable platforms and taking safety measures is paramount. Why Los Angeles is a Prime Location for Buying Aged Gmail Accounts Los Angeles is a bustling tech and marketing hub with a vast number of digital entrepreneurs, startups, and agencies. Here’s why it’s an ideal place to buy aged Gmail accounts: Proximity to Digital Markets: LA hosts many tech events, marketing meetups, and has a vibrant online community. Reliable Shipping & Communication: If you opt for offline or hybrid purchases, LA’s infrastructure ensures smooth delivery and communication. Access to Reputable Sellers: Several established sellers and brokers operate within the city or remotely from LA. Business-Friendly Environment: The city’s emphasis on digital entrepreneurship fosters a market where such accounts are traded safely. Top Sites to Buy Aged Gmail Accounts Safely in Los Angeles 2025 Here are the best platforms and marketplaces known for safe, reliable, and bulk sales of aged Gmail accounts: 1. AccsMarket Overview: AccsMarket is a trusted marketplace specializing in aged accounts, including Gmail, YouTube, and social media accounts. They offer bulk buying options with verified accounts. Why Choose AccsMarket? Rigorous account verification ensures authenticity. Bulk discounts available.

Where to Buying Telegram Accounts in Bulk A Complete ➤ Email: usasmmdeal@gmail.com ➤ WhatsApp: +1(386)240-9742 ➤ Telegram: @usasmmdeal Features of Our Telegram Accounts- ➤ 100% Customer Satisfaction Guaranteed. ➤ 100% Non-Drop Telegram Accounts ➤ Active Telegram Accounts ➤ Very Cheap Price. ➤ High-Quality Service. ➤ 24/7 Ready for Customer Support. ➤ Extra Bonuses for every service. Where to Buy Telegram Accounts in Bulk — A Responsible, Complete Guide Brand: usasmmdeal.com Buying Telegram accounts in bulk is a topic that attracts marketers and community managers—but it also brings legal, security, and platform-policy risks. Before pursuing bulk purchases, evaluate the purpose: legitimate uses include onboarding dedicated community managers, migrating verified channels, or consolidating team access. Anything that looks like evasion of rules, impersonation, or mass spam risks account suspension, legal exposure, and reputational damage. At usasmmdeal.com we recommend treating bulk account acquisition as a last resort and only after you’ve exhausted safer, platform-supported options like official Telegram Business tools and multi-admin workflows. If you decide a bulk approach is necessary, prioritize transparency and provenance. Work only with providers who supply verifiable creation dates, phone-number ownership transfer processes, and device/login history—documents that show accounts weren’t harvested or fraudulently created. Prefer marketplaces that offer escrow, documented refund policies, and clear seller histories. Insist on secure handover methods that don’t expose your private credentials and that comply with data-protection laws in your jurisdiction. Keep a written audit trail of all communications, receipts, and transfer steps so you can prove lawful intent and trace any future issues back to the original seller. Risk mitigation is critical: run each acquired account through compliance checks and limit its initial privileges until you confirm legitimacy. Use fresh two-factor authentication (2FA) tied to organizational phone numbers or a trusted authentication system, and isolate bulk-purchased accounts in controlled environments rather than immediately adding them as primary admins. Perform activity audits for suspicious behavior and avoid using bulk accounts for unsolicited messaging. If you’re using accounts for growth or outreach, couple them with transparent opt-in processes and clear unsubscribe mechanisms—this reduces abuse flags and aligns with good email/message-sender practices. Consider safer alternatives that often deliver the same business outcomes without the hazards of buying accounts. Build accounts organically with staggered registration and warm-up activities, use Telegram’s official channel/group management features and bots, or employ agency services that provide managed outreach under their own compliant infrastructure. For large teams, Telegram supports multiple admins and roles; consult Telegram’s developer docs or official business partners rather than buying accounts. At usasmmdeal.com we help clients evaluate whether account purchases are necessary or if managed services and organic strategies are a smarter, longer-term investment. In short, buying Telegram accounts in bulk can seem like a quick fix but carries material legal and platform risks if handled poorly. If you’re committed to a lawful, transparent purchase, demand full provenance, escrowed payments, and secure transfer steps—and never use purchased accounts for abusive or deceptive campaigns. If you’d like, usasmmdeal.com can prepare a printable, compliance-focused checklist or a tailored action plan to secure legitimate access to Telegram resources without exposing your brand to unnecessary risk.

What to Check Before YouBuy Old Gmail Accounts ➤Email: usasmmdeal@gmail.com ➤WhatsApp: +1(386)240-9742 ➤Telegram: @usasmmdeal ➤Email: usasmmdeal@gmail.com ➤WhatsApp: +1(386)240-9742 ➤Telegram: @usasmmdeal Price For USA, UK Gmail: ➤ 50 New Gmail Accounts 75$ ➤ 50 Old Gmail Accounts 100$(1-2 years old) ➤ 50 Old Gmail Accounts 150$ (2-4 years old) ➤ 50 old Gmail accounts 175$ (4-8 years old) ➤ 100 old Gmail accounts 300$ (4-8 years old) The first and most important check is legal and policy alignment. Many people assume account transfers are harmless, but major email providers do not support buying and selling personal accounts. That disconnect creates a shaky legal foundation: there is no official transfer mechanism, no provider support if problems arise, and potential breaches of terms of service and data-protection rules. Before anyone entertains third-party offers, stop and confirm whether the intended action is permitted by the service’s official policies and by applicable laws. At usasmmdeal.com we always advise businesses to prioritize compliant identity and access strategies. Next, consider provenance and reputation risks rather than technical fit. An “aged” account’s apparent benefit—history—can mask problematic history: spam complaints, past suspensions, or links to malicious activity. These hidden issues affect deliverability, trust with other services, and the likelihood of future restrictions. Instead of buying a black-box asset, assess whether you can achieve the same business goals through managed, auditable channels. For marketers and teams, domain-based emails and verified sending infrastructure are far more defensible and produce better long-term outcomes. Security and privacy checks are critical because purchased accounts inherently introduce unknown vectors. Accounts may be associated with third-party apps, recovery options controlled by someone else, or recycled phone numbers that undermine two-factor authentication. Any transfer that leaves prior recovery methods or linked services in place exposes you to takeover and data leakage. The safer alternative is to build accounts you control from the start or use managed enterprise services where admin controls, audit logs, and secure onboarding protect your organization and customers. Operational and business continuity concerns often get overlooked. Even if an account initially works, a provider can suspend or reclaim access at any time for policy violations or suspicious activity. That instability makes purchased accounts poor foundations for critical systems, customer communications, or trusted vendor integrations. Businesses should instead invest in durable infrastructure: Google Workspace or other enterprise email with admin governance, SPF/DKIM/DMARC for authentication, and reputable email service providers to handle large-scale outreach responsibly. Finally, weigh alternatives and remediation strategies that achieve the same goals without the risk. If your objective is credibility, deliverability, or multi-account workflows, consider managed domain emails, role-based accounts, single-sign-on, and agency or vendor solutions that follow platform rules. At usasmmdeal.com, we help clients migrate to compliant setups, implement deliverability best practices, and design governance for multi-user email operations. If you want, we can provide a free checklist for secure email infrastructure or a roadmap to transition from risky shortcuts to sustainable, policy-compliant systems.

How can I buy real Verified Cash App Accounts ➥24HoursReply/(ContactUs) ⏭️Telegram:@SmmWorldlt ☎️WhatsApp:+1 (628) 237-9436 ⏭️Email:smmworldit@gmail.com Introduction Cash App (developed by Block, Inc.) is a widely used peer-to-peer payments app in the United States and select other countries. A verified Cash App account — one that has completed identity verification — unlocks higher transaction limits and gives recipients and business partners confidence that the account belongs to a real person or business. Because verification involves sharing official ID and personal data, it must be done legitimately. This article explains why purchasing pre-verified accounts is risky and illegal, how Cash App verification works, how to complete verification correctly (for individuals and businesses), how to raise limits and build trust legally, how to fix verification problems, security measures to protect your account, safe alternatives if you need payment infrastructure quickly, and what to do if you encounter scams or fraud. Follow these steps to stay compliant, protect your money, and maintain your reputation. Why you must not buy verified Cash App accounts Before discussing the legitimate process, understand why buying a verified account is the wrong path: Illegality and fraud risk. Many sold accounts are stolen, created with forged documents, or created from someone else’s identity. Possessing or using such accounts may expose you to criminal charges (identity theft, fraud, money laundering), civil liability, and frozen funds. ➥24HoursReply/(ContactUs) ⏭️Telegram:@SmmWorldlt ☎️WhatsApp:+1 (628) 237-9436 ⏭️Email:smmworldit@gmail.com Account seizure and loss. Cash App and financial regulators have anti-fraud systems. If they detect suspicious ownership changes or the account is linked to a report of theft, transactions and balances can be frozen or seized. You would lose access and likely have limited recourse. Permanent ban and reputation damage. Using illicit accounts risks being banned from Cash App and other payment platforms. Your business reputation can be harmed and future onboarding with legitimate payment processors may be harder. Scams and poor quality. Sellers frequently disappear after receiving payment. Many “verified” accounts are fake or will be re-claimed by the original owner. There is no reliable warranty. Regulatory compliance. Cash App must comply with financial regulations (KYC — Know Your Customer, AML — Anti-Money Laundering). Attempting to evade these processes undermines legal compliance and invites penalties. Because of these serious consequences, always pursue legitimate verification. What does “verification” on Cash App mean? Cash App’s verification (also called identity verification) is a process to confirm a user’s identity and eligibility to use higher transaction limits and certain services. Typical verification elements: Personal information: full legal name, date of birth, and residential address. ➥24HoursReply/(ContactUs) ⏭️Telegram:@SmmWorldlt ☎️WhatsApp:+1 (628) 237-9436 ⏭️Email:smmworldit@gmail.com Government ID: a photo of a government-issued ID (driver’s license, state ID, passport) to validate identity.

On the Road Alone: Experiencing India’s Best Highway Infrastructure Project Introduction Travelling solo teaches you to trust both yourself and the journey. My recent drive on India’s Best Highway Infrastructure Project was one such moment of trust rewarded. Every detail of the highway—its design, facilities, and safety measures—proved that India’s infrastructure is evolving in the right direction. Why This Project Stands Out Not all highways are the same, and this one is a benchmark in planning. It doesn’t just move vehicles; it moves the economy forward by easing logistics, connecting industrial hubs, and shortening travel time between key cities. For travellers like me, it transforms hours on the road into a smooth experience. The Driving Comfort The surface was flawless, built to absorb long drives without strain. Wide lanes allowed easy overtaking, and digital toll systems cut down on unnecessary waiting. Driving alone, I found myself free from the usual frustrations of traffic and poor conditions. That’s how #modernroadmakers long-distance driving something to look forward to instead of dread. Snapshots Along the Journey What I enjoyed most was how the modern and the traditional met along the way. While the highway itself felt futuristic, the view outside included villages, farmlands, and roadside chai stalls that gave me short but memorable encounters. Each sight made the solo trip less lonely and more enriching. Safety You Can Rely On As a solo traveller, my biggest comfort came from the sense of security. Bright lighting stretched across the length of the road, signboards appeared at the right places, and emergency call facilities were never too far away. Rest stops and fuel stations offered me a chance to take breaks without worry. Conclusion Driving on India’s Best Highway Infrastructure Project gave me more than a route—it gave me confidence in the country’s vision for safe and modern travel. For solo explorers, this highway proves that a road can be both a destination and an experience in itself. #india'sbesthighwayinfrastructureproject