Materials Chemistry Quotes

The information contained in an English sentence or computer software does not derive from the chemistry of the ink or the physics of magnetism, but from a source extrinsic to physics and chemistry altogether. Indeed, in both cases, the message transcends the properties of the medium. The information in DNA also transcends the properties of its material medium.

A biomarker of evolution, melanin is the color of life.

Understanding the physiological and neurological features of spiritual experiences should not be interpreted as an attempt to discredit their reality or explain them away. Rather, it demonstrates their physical existence as a fundamental, shared part of human nature. Spiritual experiences cannot be considered irrational, since we have seen that, given their physiological basis, experiencers' descriptions of them are perfectly rational... All human perceptions of material reality can ultimately be documented as chemical reactions in our neurobiology; all our sensations, thoughts, and memories are ultimately reducible to chemistry, yet we feel no need to deny the existence of the material world; it is not less real because our perceptions of it are biologically based... It is not rational to assume that the spiritual reality of core experiences is any less real than the more scientifically documentable material reality.

Briefly, in the act of composition, as an instrument there intervenes and is most potent, fire, flaming, fervid, hot; but in the very substance of the compound there intervenes, as an ingredient, as it is commonly called, as a material principle and as a constituent of the whole compound the material and principle of fire, not fire itself. This I was the first to call phlogiston.

In thinking about these questions I have been stimulated by criticisms of the prevailing scientific world picture... by the defenders of intelligent design. Even though writers like Michael Behe and Stephen C. Meyer are motivated at least in part by their religious beliefs, the empirical arguments they offer against the likelihood that the origin of life and its evolutionary history can be fully explained by physics and chemistry are of great interest in themselves. Another skeptic, David Berlinski, has brought out these problems vividly without reference to the design inference. Even if one is not drawn to the alternative of an explanation by the actions of a designer, the problems that these iconoclasts pose for the orthodox scientific consensus should be taken seriously. They do not deserve the scorn with which they are commonly met. It is manifestly unfair.

If ever a society could be said to meet all the mythological criteria of the next lost civilization – a society that ticks all the boxes – is it not obvious that it is our own? Our pollution and neglect of the majestic garden of the earth, our rape of its resources, our abuse of the oceans and the rainforests, our fear, hatred and suspicion of one another multiplied by a hundred bitter regional and sectarian conflicts, our consistent track record of standing by and doing nothing while millions suffer, our ignorant, narrow-minded racism, our exclusivist religions, our forgetfulness that we are all brothers and sisters, our bellicose chauvinism, the dreadful cruelties that we indulge in, in the name of nation, or faith, or simple greed, our obsessive, competitive, ego-driven production and consumption of material goods and the growing conviction of many, fuelled by the triumphs of materialist science, that matter is all there is – that there is no such thing as spirit, that we are just accidents of chemistry and biology – all these things, and many more, in mythological terms at least, do not look good for us.

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And that was how sin came into the world," he said, "sin and shame and death. It came the moment their daemons became fixed." "But..." Lyra struggled to find the words she wanted: "but it en't true, is it? Not true like chemistry or engineering, not that kind of true? There wasn't really an Adam and Eve? The Cassington Scholar told me it was just a kind of fairy tale." "The Cassington Scholarship is traditionally given to a freethinker; it's his function to challenge the faith of the Scholars. Naturally he'd say that. But think of Adam and Eve like an imaginary number, like the square root of minus one: you can never see any concrete proof that it exists, but if you include it in your equations, you can calculate all manner of things that couldn't be imagined without it. "Anyway, it's what the Church has taught for thousands of years. And when Rusakov discovered Dust, at last there was a physical proof that something happened when innocence changed into experience. "Incidentally, the Bible gave us the name Dust as well. At first they were called Rusakov Particles, but soon someone pointed out a curious verse toward the end of the Third Chapter of Genesis, where God's cursing Adam for eating the fruit." He opened the Bible again and pointed it out to Lyra. She read: "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return...." Lord Asriel said, "Church scholars have always puzzled over the translation of that verse. Some say it should read not 'unto dust shalt thou return' but 'thou shalt be subject to dust,' and others say the whole verse is a kind of pun on the words 'ground' and 'dust,' and it really means that God's admitting his own nature to be partly sinful. No one agrees. No one can, because the text is corrupt. But it was too good a word to waste, and that's why the particles became known as Dust.

Humanity stands ... before a great problem of finding new raw materials and new sources of energy that shall never become exhausted. In the meantime we must not waste what we have, but must leave as much as possible for coming generations.

English philosopher Bertrand Russell, another prominent twentieth-century pacifist, once used those medicinal facts about iodine to build a case against the existence of immortal souls. “The energy used in thinking seems to have a chemical origin…,” he wrote. “For instance, a deficiency of iodine will turn a clever man into an idiot. Mental phenomena seem to be bound up with material structure.” In other words, iodine made Russell realize that reason and emotions and memories depend on material conditions in the brain. He saw no way to separate the “soul” from the body, and concluded that the rich mental life of human beings, the source of all their glory and much of their woe, is chemistry through and through.

Yes, Doctor,' I said. 'In brief, your argument is that Life is a thing, state, fact, or element, call-it-what-you-like, which requires the Material through which to manifest itself, and that given the Material, plus the Conditions, the result is Life. In other words, that Life is an evolved product, manifested through Matter, and bred of Conditions - eh?' 'As we understand the word,' said the old Doctor. 'Though, mind you, there may be a third factor. But, in my heart, I believe that it is a matter of chemistry; Conditions and a suitable medium; but given the Conditions, the Brute is so almighty that it will seize upon anything through which to manifest itself. It is a Force generated by Conditions; but nevertheless this does not bring us one iota nearer to its explanation, any more than to the explanation of Electricity or Fire. They are, all three, of the Outer Forces - Monsters of the Void. Nothing we can do will create any one of them; our power is merely to be able, by providing the Conditions, to make each one of them manifest to our physical senses. Am I clear?' ("The Derelict")

The room fell silent. It was the way she kept disagreeing—without embarrassment, without melodrama—as if she would have the last say, as if she knew she’d win in the end. This is exactly the kind of attitude her coworkers had complained of. And the way she implied that hers and Calvin’s relationship was at some higher level—as if it had been crafted from nondissolvable material that survived everything, even his death. Annoying.

If I had to pick out just one thing I have learned, among all the surprising things I have had the opportunity to discover while studying chemistry, it would definitely be this: that the interface is not an imaginary line that divides bodies from each other, but rather a material region, a marginal area with its own mass and thickness, characterised by properties that make it radically different from the bodies whose encounter produces it.

had still not been promoted. In fact, she was now reporting to a new hire—a twenty-one-year-old boy fresh out of college with no discernible skills other than making chains out of paper clips. As for Eddie—the geologist she’d slept with to prove she was marriage material—he’d dumped her two years ago for a virgin. Today’s latest slap in the face: her new boy-boss had given her a seven-point plan for improvement. Item one: lose twenty pounds.

It was a dead hole, smelling of synthetic leather and disinfectant, both of which odors seemed to emanate from the torn scratched material of the seats that lined the three walls. It smelled of the tobacco ashes which had flooded the two standing metal ashtrays. On the chromium lip of one, a cigar butt gleamed wetly like a chewed piece of beef. There was the smell of peanut shells and of the waxy candy wrappers that littered the floor, the smell of old newspapers, dry, inky, smothering and faintly like a urinal, the smell of sweat from armpits and groins and backs and faces, pouring out and drying up in the lifeless air, the smell of clothes—cleaning fluids imbedded in fabric and blooming horribly in the warm sweetish air, picking at the nostrils like thorns—all the exudations of the human flesh, a bouquet of animal being, flowing out, drying up, but leaving a peculiar and ineradicable odor of despair in the room as though chemistry was transformed into spirit, an ascension of a kind, …Light issuing from spotlights in the ceiling was sour and blinding like a sick breath. There was in that room an underlying confusion in the function of the senses. Smell became color, color became smell. Mute started at mute so intently they might have been listening with their eyes, and hearing grew preternaturally acute, yet waited only for the familiar syllables of surnames. Taste died, mouth opened in the negative drowsiness of waiting.

But when it has been shown by the researches of Pasteur that the septic property of the atmosphere depended not on the oxygen, or any gaseous constituent, but on minute organisms suspended in it, which owed their energy to their vitality, it occurred to me that decomposition in the injured part might be avoided without excluding the air, by applying as a dressing some material capable of destroying the life of the floating particles. Upon this principle I have based a practice.

I find philosophy—philosophy in the largest sense—a profoundly concrete, sensual activity. I know others who feel the same. The world of ideas seems as solid as the world of seas and mountains—or more so. One can no more change its topography than one can move Samarqand closer to Bukhara, although one can discover new views or discover that one has gotten the topography wrong, or that many people have for many years. Ideas seem as embodied, in the world of ideas, with its views and obstructions and vastness, as we do in our material world. They seem tangible, with specific savors, aesthetic properties, emotional tones, curves, surfaces, insides, hidden places, structure, geometry, dark passages, shining corners, auras, force fields, and combinatorial chemistry. This is one great reason why “travelling, whether in the mental or the physical world, is a joy,” as Bertrand Russell said, and why “it is good to know that, in the mental world at least, there are vast countries still very imperfectly explored.

Chemistry was transformed by glass perhaps more than any other discipline. You only have to go to any chemistry lab to see that the transparency and inertness of the material make it perfect for mixing chemicals and monitoring what they do. Before the glass test tube was born, chemical reactions were performed in opaque beakers, so it was hard to see what was happening. With glass, and especially with a new glass called Pyrex that was immune to thermal shock, chemistry as a systematic discipline really got going.

But if a man finds himself in possession of great mental faculties, such as alone should venture on the solution of the hardest of all problems—those which concern nature as a whole and humanity in its widest range, he will do well to extend his view equally in all directions, without ever straying too far amid the intricacies of various by-paths, or invading regions little known; in other words, without occupying himself with special branches of knowledge, to say nothing of their petty details. There is no necessity for him to seek out subjects difficult of access, in order to escape a crowd of rivals; the common objects of life will give him material for new theories at once serious and true; and the service he renders will be appreciated by all those—and they form a great part of mankind—who know the facts of which he treats. What a vast distinction there is between students of physics, chemistry, anatomy, mineralogy, zoology, philology, history, and the men who deal with the great facts of human life, the poet and the philosopher!

For it is not cell nuclei, not even individual chromosomes, but certain parts of certain chromosomes from certain cells that must be isolated and collected in enormous quantities for analysis; that would be the precondition for placing the chemist in such a position as would allow him to analyse [the hereditary material] more minutely than [can] the morphologists ... For the morphology of the nucleus has reference at the very least to the gearing of the clock, but at best the chemistry of the nucleus refers only to the metal from which the gears are formed.

My laboratory is interested in the related challenges of understanding the origin of life on the early earth, and constructing synthetic cellular life in the laboratory. Focusing on artificial life frees us to explore novel chemical systems, but what we learn from these systems helps us to understand possible pathways leading to the origin of life. Our basic design for a synthetic cell involves the encapsulation of a spontaneously replicating nucleic acid, which acts as the genetic material, within a spontaneously replicating membrane vesicle, which provides spatial localization. We are using chemical synthesis to make nucleic acids with modified nucleobases and sugar-phosphate backbones.

Dissection ... teaches us that the body of man is made up of certain kinds of material, so differing from each other in optical and other physical characters and so built up together as to give the body certain structural features. Chemical examination further teaches us that these kinds of material are composed of various chemical substances, a large number of which have this characteristic that they possess a considerable amount of potential energy capable of being set free, rendered actual, by oxidation or some other chemical change. Thus the body as a whole may, from a chemical point of view, be considered as a mass of various chemical substances, representing altogether a considerable capital of potential energy.

I am, reluctantly, a self-confessed carbon chauvinist. Carbon is abundant in the Cosmos. It makes marvelously complex molecules, good for life. I am also a water chauvinist. Water makes an ideal solvent system for organic chemistry to work in and stays liquid over a wide range of temperatures. But sometimes I wonder. Could my fondness for materials have something to do with the fact that I am made chiefly of them? Are we carbon- and water-based because those materials were abundant on the Earth at the time of the origin of life? Could life elsewhere—on Mars, say—be built of different stuff? I am a collection of water, calcium and organic molecules called Carl Sagan. You are a collection of almost identical molecules with a different collective label. But is that all? Is there nothing in here but molecules? Some people find this idea somehow demeaning to human dignity. For myself, I find it elevating that our universe permits the evolution of molecular machines as intricate and subtle as we. But the essence of life is not so much the atoms and simple molecules that make us up as the way in which they are put together. Every now and then we read that the chemicals which constitute the human body cost ninety-seven cents or ten dollars or some such figure; it is a little depressing to find our bodies valued so little. However, these estimates are for human beings reduced to our simplest possible components. We are made mostly of water, which costs almost nothing; the carbon is costed in the form of coal; the calcium in our bones as chalk; the nitrogen in our proteins as air (cheap also); the iron in our blood as rusty nails. If we did not know better, we might be tempted to take all the atoms that make us up, mix them together in a big container and stir. We can do this as much as we want. But in the end all we have is a tedious mixture of atoms. How could we have expected anything else? Harold Morowitz has calculated what it would cost to put together the correct molecular constituents that make up a human being by buying the molecules from chemical supply houses. The answer turns out to be about ten million dollars, which should make us all feel a little better. But even then we could not mix those chemicals together and have a human being emerge from the jar. That is far beyond our capability and will probably be so for a very long period of time. Fortunately, there are other less expensive but still highly reliable methods of making human beings. I think the lifeforms on many worlds will consist, by and large, of the same atoms we have here, perhaps even many of the same basic molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids—but put together in unfamiliar ways. Perhaps organisms that float in dense planetary atmospheres will be very much like us in their atomic composition, except they might not have bones and therefore not need much calcium. Perhaps elsewhere some solvent other than water is used. Hydrofluoric acid might serve rather well, although there is not a great deal of fluorine in the Cosmos; hydrofluoric acid would do a great deal of damage to the kind of molecules that make us up, but other organic molecules, paraffin waxes, for example, are perfectly stable in its presence. Liquid ammonia would make an even better solvent system, because ammonia is very abundant in the Cosmos. But it is liquid only on worlds much colder than the Earth or Mars. Ammonia is ordinarily a gas on Earth, as water is on Venus. Or perhaps there are living things that do not have a solvent system at all—solid-state life, where there are electrical signals propagating rather than molecules floating about. But these ideas do not

Anxiety, as neuropsychologists today tell us, is toxic; our brains are wired to avoid anxiety. Anxiety corrupts the chemistry of the brain and leads us to depart (emotionally or physically) from others to protect ourselves. Jesus’s words to his disciples “to fear not” (Luke 8:50 NRSV) become of utmost significance. Anxiety is so acidic that it is nearly impossible to have relationship, to be a place-sharer, where the air is poisoned with it. Bonhoeffer’s calm and composure, even on the first day, signaled to the boys that he had no anxiety, no worry about lessons being unfinished or others thinking he was a failure. His composure signaled to them that it might be that he is really just here for them, rather than to fulfill some goal that they could frustrate (like getting them through the material). Bonhoeffer’s composure tacitly indicated to the boys that he was more loyal to their concrete persons than any end others sought for them.

During World War One, Germany was placed under blockade and suffered severe shortages of raw materials, in particular saltpetre, an essential ingredient in gunpowder and other explosives. The most important saltpetre deposits were in Chile and India; there were none at all in Germany. True, saltpetre could be replaced by ammonia, but that was expensive to produce as well. Luckily for the Germans, one of their fellow citizens, a Jewish chemist named Fritz Haber, had discovered in 1908 a process for producing ammonia literally out of thin air. When war broke out, the Germans used Haber’s discovery to commence industrial production of explosives using air as a raw material. Some scholars believe that if it hadn’t been for Haber’s discovery, Germany would have been forced to surrender long before November 1918.6 The discovery won Haber (who during the war also pioneered the use of poison gas in battle) a Nobel Prize in 1918. In chemistry, not in peace.

Pointsman is the only one here maintaining his calm. He appears unruffled and strong. His lab coats have even begun lately to take on a Savile Row serenity, suppressed waist, flaring vents, finer material, rather rakishly notched lapels. In this parched and fallow time, he gushes affluence. After the baying has quieted down at last, he speaks, soothing: “There’s no danger.” “No danger?” screams Aaron Throwster, and the lot of them are off again muttering and growling. “Slothrop’s knocked out Dodson-Truck and the girl in one day!” “The whole thing’s falling apart, Pointsman!” “Since Sir Stephen came back, Fitzmaurice House has dropped out of our scheme, and there’ve been embarrassing inquires down from Duncan Sandys—“ “That’s the P.M.’s son-in-law, Pointsman, not good, not good!” “We’ve already begun to run into a deficit—“ “Funding,” IF you can keep your head, “is available, and will be coming in before long… certainly before we run into any serious trouble. Sir Stephen, far from being ‘knocked out,’ is quite happily at work at Fitzmaurice House, and is At Home there should any of you wish to confirm. Miss Borgesius is still active in the program, and Mr. Duncan Sandys is having all his questions answered. But best of all, we are budgeted well into fiscal ’46 before anything like a deficit begins to rear its head.” “Your Interested Parties again?” sez Rollo Groast. “Ah, I noticed Clive Mossmoon from Imperial Chemicals closeted with you day before yesterday,” Edwin Treacle mentions now. “Clive Mossmoon and I took an organic chemistry course or two together back at Manchester. Is ICI one of our, ah, sponsors, Pointsman?” “No,” smoothly, “Mossmoon, actually, is working out of Malet Street these days. I’m afraid we were up to nothing more sinister than a bit of routine coordination over the Schwarzkommando business.” “The hell you were. I happen to know Clive’s at ICI, managing some sort of polymer research.” They stare at each other. One is lying, or bluffing, or both are, or all of the above. But whatever it is Pointsman has a slight advantage. By facing squarely the extinction of his program, he has gained a great of bit of Wisdom: that if there is a life force operating in Nature, still there is nothing so analogous in a bureaucracy. Nothing so mystical. It all comes down, as it must, to the desires of men. Oh, and women too of course, bless their empty little heads. But survival depends on having strong enough desires—on knowing the System better than the other chap, and how to use it. It’s work, that’s all it is, and there’s no room for any extrahuman anxieties—they only weaken, effeminize the will: a man either indulges them, or fights to win, und so weiter. “I do wish ICI would finance part of this,” Pointsman smiles. “Lame, lame,” mutters the younger Dr. Groast. “What’s it matter?” cries Aaron Throwster. “If the old man gets moody at the wrong time this whole show can prang.” “Brigadier Pudding will not go back on any of his commitments,” Pointsman very steady, calm, “we have made arrangements with him. The details aren’t important.” They never are, in these meetings of his.

Historically, holism had been a break from the reductionist methods of science. Holism (...) is a way of viewing the universe as a web of interactions and relationships. Whole systems (and the universe can be seen as an overarching system of systems) have properties beyond those of their parts. All things are, in some sense, alive, or a part of a living system; the real world of mind and matter, body and consciousness, cannot be understood by reducing it to pieces and parts. 'Matter is mind' – this is perhaps the holists' quintessential belief. The founding theories of holism had tried to explain how mind emerges from the material universe, how the consciousness of all things is interconnected. The first science, of course, had failed utterly to do this. The first science had resigned human beings to acting as objective observers of a mechanistic and meaningless universe. A dead universe. The human mind, according to the determinists, was merely the by-product of brain chemistry. Chemical laws, the way the elements combine and interact, were formulated as complete and immutable truths. The elements themselves were seen as indivisible lumps of matter, devoid of consciousness, untouched and unaffected by the very consciousnesses seeking to understand how living minds can be assembled from dead matter. The logical conclusion of these assumptions and conceptions was that people are like chemical robots possessing no free will. No wonder the human race, during the Holocaust Century, had fallen into insanity and despair. Holism had been an attempt to restore life to this universe and to reconnect human beings with it. To heal the split between self and other. (...) Each quantum event, each of the trillions of times reality's particles interact with each other every instant, is like a note that rings and resonates throughout the great bell of creation. And the sound of the ringing propagates instantaneously, everywhere at once, interconnecting all things. This is a truth of our universe. It is a mystical truth, that reality at its deepest level is an undivided wholeness. It has been formalized and canonized, and taught to the swarms of humanity searching for a fundamental unity. Only, human beings have learned it as a theory and a doctrine, not as an experience. A true holism should embrace not only the theory of living systems, but also the reality of the belly, of wind, hunger, and snowworms roasting over a fire on a cold winter night. A man or woman (or child) to be fully human, should always marvel at the mystery of life. We each should be able to face the universe and drink in the stream of photons shimmering across the light-distances, to listen to the ringing of the farthest galaxies, to feel the electrons of each haemoglobin molecule spinning and vibrating deep inside the blood. No one should ever feel cut off from the ocean of mind and memory surging all around; no one should ever stare up at the icy stars and feel abandoned or alone. It was partly the fault of holism that a whole civilization had suffered the abandonment of its finest senses, ten thousand trillion islands of consciousness born into the pain and promise of neverness, awaiting death with glassy eyes and murmured abstractions upon their lips, always fearing life, always longing for a deeper and truer experience of living.

This Compost" Something startles me where I thought I was safest, I withdraw from the still woods I loved, I will not go now on the pastures to walk, I will not strip the clothes from my body to meet my lover the sea, I will not touch my flesh to the earth as to other flesh to renew me. O how can it be that the ground itself does not sicken? How can you be alive you growths of spring? How can you furnish health you blood of herbs, roots, orchards, grain? Are they not continually putting distemper'd corpses within you? Is not every continent work'd over and over with sour dead? Where have you disposed of their carcasses? Those drunkards and gluttons of so many generations? Where have you drawn off all the foul liquid and meat? I do not see any of it upon you to-day, or perhaps I am deceiv'd, I will run a furrow with my plough, I will press my spade through the sod and turn it up underneath, I am sure I shall expose some of the foul meat. 2 Behold this compost! behold it well! Perhaps every mite has once form'd part of a sick person—yet behold! The grass of spring covers the prairies, The bean bursts noiselessly through the mould in the garden, The delicate spear of the onion pierces upward, The apple-buds cluster together on the apple-branches, The resurrection of the wheat appears with pale visage out of its graves, The tinge awakes over the willow-tree and the mulberry-tree, The he-birds carol mornings and evenings while the she-birds sit on their nests, The young of poultry break through the hatch'd eggs, The new-born of animals appear, the calf is dropt from the cow, the colt from the mare, Out of its little hill faithfully rise the potato's dark green leaves, Out of its hill rises the yellow maize-stalk, the lilacs bloom in the dooryards, The summer growth is innocent and disdainful above all those strata of sour dead. What chemistry! That the winds are really not infectious, That this is no cheat, this transparent green-wash of the sea which is so amorous after me, That it is safe to allow it to lick my naked body all over with its tongues, That it will not endanger me with the fevers that have deposited themselves in it, That all is clean forever and forever, That the cool drink from the well tastes so good, That blackberries are so flavorous and juicy, That the fruits of the apple-orchard and the orange-orchard, that melons, grapes, peaches, plums, will none of them poison me, That when I recline on the grass I do not catch any disease, Though probably every spear of grass rises out of what was once a catching disease. Now I am terrified at the Earth, it is that calm and patient, It grows such sweet things out of such corruptions, It turns harmless and stainless on its axis, with such endless successions of diseas'd corpses, It distills such exquisite winds out of such infused fetor, It renews with such unwitting looks its prodigal, annual, sumptuous crops, It gives such divine materials to men, and accepts such leavings from them at last.

That such a surprisingly powerful philosophical method was taken seriously can be only partially explained by the backwardness of German natural science in those days. For the truth is, I think, that it was not at first taken really seriously by serious men (such as Schopenhauer, or J. F. Fries), not at any rate by those scientists who, like Democritus2, ‘would rather find a single causal law than be the king of Persia’. Hegel’s fame was made by those who prefer a quick initiation into the deeper secrets of this world to the laborious technicalities of a science which, after all, may only disappoint them by its lack of power to unveil all mysteries. For they soon found out that nothing could be applied with such ease to any problem whatsoever, and at the same time with such impressive (though only apparent) difficulty, and with such quick and sure but imposing success, nothing could be used as cheaply and with so little scientific training and knowledge, and nothing would give such a spectacular scientific air, as did Hegelian dialectics, the mystery method that replaced ‘barren formal logic’. Hegel’s success was the beginning of the ‘age of dishonesty’ (as Schopenhauer3 described the period of German Idealism) and of the ‘age of irresponsibility’ (as K. Heiden characterizes the age of modern totalitarianism); first of intellectual, and later, as one of its consequences, of moral irresponsibility; of a new age controlled by the magic of high-sounding words, and by the power of jargon. In order to discourage the reader beforehand from taking Hegel’s bombastic and mystifying cant too seriously, I shall quote some of the amazing details which he discovered about sound, and especially about the relations between sound and heat. I have tried hard to translate this gibberish from Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature4 as faithfully as possible; he writes: ‘§302. Sound is the change in the specific condition of segregation of the material parts, and in the negation of this condition;—merely an abstract or an ideal ideality, as it were, of that specification. But this change, accordingly, is itself immediately the negation of the material specific subsistence; which is, therefore, real ideality of specific gravity and cohesion, i.e.—heat. The heating up of sounding bodies, just as of beaten or rubbed ones, is the appearance of heat, originating conceptually together with sound.’ There are some who still believe in Hegel’s sincerity, or who still doubt whether his secret might not be profundity, fullness of thought, rather than emptiness. I should like them to read carefully the last sentence—the only intelligible one—of this quotation, because in this sentence, Hegel gives himself away. For clearly it means nothing but: ‘The heating up of sounding bodies … is heat … together with sound.’ The question arises whether Hegel deceived himself, hypnotized by his own inspiring jargon, or whether he boldly set out to deceive and bewitch others. I am satisfied that the latter was the case, especially in view of what Hegel wrote in one of his letters. In this letter, dated a few years before the publication of his Philosophy of Nature, Hegel referred to another Philosophy of Nature, written by his former friend Schelling: ‘I have had too much to do … with mathematics … differential calculus, chemistry’, Hegel boasts in this letter (but this is just bluff), ‘to let myself be taken in by the humbug of the Philosophy of Nature, by this philosophizing without knowledge of fact … and by the treatment of mere fancies, even imbecile fancies, as ideas.’ This is a very fair characterization of Schelling’s method, that is to say, of that audacious way of bluffing which Hegel himself copied, or rather aggravated, as soon as he realized that, if it reached its proper audience, it meant success.

Newton’s alchemy was an occult way to investigate natural philosophy. His practice of alchemy was early modern chemistry. Newton was experimenting with strange spirituous substances, and looking to transform materials from one form into another.

European perfumery started in earnest around the turn of the twentieth century, and developed apace with the discovery of aroma chemicals: coumarin, vanillin, cyclamen aldehyde, the great nitro musks. The Great War left industry and cities largely intact and killed countless males. Many factors then conspired to make the period 1918-1939 the golden age of mass perfumery: working women vying for the remaining men, cheap aroma chemicals, cheap labor to harvest the naturals, flourishing visual arts and music, the obsolescence of prewar bourgeois dignity, replaced by irreverence and optimism. The WWII destroyed the great engine of European chemistry (Germany). The tail end of German chemistry on the Rhine lay in the neutral Switzerland and was untouched, which is wy today two of the biggest perfumery houses in the world (Firmenich and Givaudan) are Swiss. Postwar France stank. In 1951, six years after the Liberation, only one household in fifteen had an internal bathroom. The Paris Metro at rush hour was famous for its unwashed stench. Given cost constraints, French perfumes in those years ('50) had an air de famille, a perfumey feel based on then-cheap drydown materials like sandalwood oil and salicylate esters. Being able to smell someone's fragrance was a sign of intimacy. When a perfume left a trail (called sillage) it was remarked upon, usually unfavourably. It is a strange coincidence, or perhaps a hint of the existence of God, that skin melanin is a polymer spontaneously formed from phenols, and that the perfumery materials that defined American perfumery were also in good part phenols.

throughout the whole of the Middle Ages Islamic culture ranked far above Christian culture. Of the three great areas of culture which inherited the Roman-Hellenic culture, the Roman-German, the Greek-Slav, and the Egyptian-Syrian, Arab culture, the latter took over the whole of the knowledge of antiquity in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, mechanics and medicine; it was not Rome and not Constantinople but Alexandria which was the centre of science in the Roman Empire. Now the religious expression of the Germanic-Roman sphere of culture was the Roman church, and that of the Greek-Slav sphere was the Greek Church, but that of the Arab Egyptian-Syrian sphere was Islam.

They gain distance from the anxious obsessions of local mind. Their internal chemistry changes as “feel-good” neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, anandamide, and oxytocin flood their brains. In this state they gain a nonlocal perspective. They are open to an infinite range of possible options and outcomes. The self, rather than being trapped in a limited fixed local reality, is able to try on different possibilities. This “knocks out filters we normally apply to incoming information,” leading to associative leaps that facilitate problem solving and super-creativity.

the foremost philosopher of the German petty bourgeoisie also drew this conclusion. Schopenhauer rejected the whole of the ‘charlatan’ Hegel; above all he rejected Hegel’s philosophy of history. He did not see any progressive process of development in the history of humanity; he only saw in it a history of individuals; the German petty-bourgeois, whose prophet he was, is the same person he was from the very beginning and will be in the future. Schopenhauer’s philosophy reached its highest point in the ‘insight’ that ‘at all times, the same was, is and will be the same.’ He writes: ‘History shows on all sides, only the same thing, except in different forms: the chapters of the history of humanity are basically only different in name and the dates; the really essential content is the same everywhere ... The material of history is the individual in his solitude and fortuitousness, what always is, and then is not, forevermore, the fleeting intertwining like clouds in the wind of moving humanity, which so often can be transformed completely, through the slightest chance.’ So closely comes Schopenhauer’s philosophical idealism to mechanical materialism in its conception of history. In fact, they are opposite poles of the same narrow outlook. And when Schopenhauer said grimly of the materialism of the natural sciences: ‘These gentlemen of the crucible must be taught that simple chemistry makes one capable of being a chemist but not a philosopher’ so he should be taught that simple philosophizing makes one capable of sneaking about, but not of historical investigation. However Schopenhauer was consistent in his own fashion, and as soon as he had thrown away Hegel’s dialectical method, then he had to throw away Hegel’s historical constructions with it.

Any of the components of an organism-say, a haemoglobin molecule-can be given an arbitrarily complete and precise description in the language of atomic physics or chemistry, and yet this description will miss something that is nevertheless materially relevant to its structure and its very existence. Specifically, it will provide no hint of why this highly improbable molecular configuration is so prevalent, as compared with the astronomical number of molecular forms that are not present. Haemoglobin,

I cannot imagine the simple chemical and physical forces without attributing the movement of material particles to conscious sensation." The same author says again: "We may ascribe the feeling of pleasure and pain to all atoms, and so explain the electric affinity in chemistry." 12.

That’s What the Dead Do That’s what the dead do. The ones who’ve died, who’ve given up their lives, who’ve died for us so that they say to us see here this is all it means to be dead — to be no longer living and to be both never and always as never before and after. This is all it means the dead ones say, So you die, and everyone left living sticks around. You and everyone who loves you and whom you love take some time to mourn with speechless desire, and unspoken awe, our long faces and our sideways glances (as if you might be somewhere off to the side), here we come with our living fruit baskets and soon to wilt white flowers, good things intended to sublimate pain to substitute one thing for another & others pay their respects & others have their curiosity piqued & a very few are glad you’re gone though would never dare say so & most of all most can’t care at all and rightly so, everyone can’t be this faced with this much that often & that’s what a death does beyond doubt one death says what every death is, & what’s out of sight just over the horizon not so long later, a year or so at most, every one’s up & gone on to other matters the kinds of matters that matter to the living (your matter’s been burned or by nature’s routine chemistry mostly dissolved) (but you knew that) (you knew all along) finding reasons to stay alive finding work first for fuel & then for pleasure & sex & maybe love or what passes for love & sex maybe for adding another living human into the mix for the rest of us that’re left & other ways to pass the time. Once thoughts about how many of us there are involved in so much doing and coming & going & searching & hunting & gathering & using up time & space & materials.

I looked for themes and underlying principles across lectures,” and “I went over mistakes until I was certain I understood them.” They were studying to learn, not just to ace the test. And, actually, this was why they got higher grades—not because they were smarter or had a better background in science. Instead of losing their motivation when the course got dry or difficult, they said: “I maintained my interest in the material.” “I stayed positive about taking chemistry.” “I kept myself motivated to study.” Even if they thought the textbook was boring or the instructor was a stiff, they didn’t let their motivation evaporate. That just made it all the more important to motivate themselves.

don’t get caught up with the chemistry alone. A charming woman can create chemistry with you in a heartbeat, but that doesn’t guarantee that she’s relationship material. What you really want to observe is whether or not she’s emotionally mature. The

What Are The Main Advantages of PVC Doors They usually have a clean floor with bright paint-free in order that they'll keep away from the discharge of any toxic gas within the air which might be very dangerous to human physique especially if they use the decorative paint. PVC doorways have another advantage in that they are surroundings pleasant because they are often recycled after their life is other to other varieties by melting them and then remolding them.In addition to the above advantages of PVC doors, you find them to be good for your own home as a result of they are very simple to put in in addition to simple to maintain. Moreover, PVC upvc doors ipswich doorways are straightforward to take care of. As a result of the truth that PVC is manufactured from plastic, there are much less possibilities of injury from other parts. Cleaning them just requires a wet piece of cloth with little cleaning liquid.The opposite most important advantage of those PVC doorways is that they're climate proof. They aren't affected by presence of extra water or moisture since they don't take up any amount. They can not warp in case of direct heating. Also, they do not lose their colour when exposed to direct daylight and this has led to their increased utilization worldwide. Another good motive why PVC doorways are fashionable is that, under regular circumstances, they are generally straightforward to take care of. Cleaning a PVC door is relatively easy to do. All it's good to wipe its surface clean and it'll look pretty much as good as new. Furthermore, PVC doors don't require stripping or repainting, and are typically quite sturdy. The identical can't be said of conventional wooden doorways, significantly those which can be sensitive to moisture and chemical compounds. Traditional wooden doorways require cautious maintenance to be able to preserve their appearance and wonder. Initials PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride which is a chemistry time period used to discuss with a certain type of material which may be very durable, has great insulating traits and does not emit any harmful fumes under regular conditions. Its chemical properties could be modified so that it turn out to be very robust and stiff like in a PVC door and even very flexible like in an inflatable swimming pool. PVC is getting used all around the world due to its power. The following are the advantages of PVC doorways; PVC door does not require upkeep, repainting or stripping and you solely need to wipe its floor occasionally for it to look good. Compared to timber door body which shrink and develop over time, PVC door body often remain steady as it is 100% water proof. Whereas doors from other materials discolor and fade if they're exposed to direct daylight, PVC’s one does not fade or discolor as a result of it is extremely UV resistance and thus it can remain looking new for a very long time.

Chemical products are used in virtually every branch of industry and agriculture and come to the consumer in almost every product he consumes; yet, because they are primarily industrial raw materials which have lost their identity, the average consumer is unaware of them. To him even their names are meaningless.

A person places a drop of DNA from blood onto a tiny chip, and a smartphone snaps a picture and can read out whether a virus is present. The chip is coated with microscopic beads containing quantum dots. Each bead is coated with a material designed to recognize a particular strand of DNA — for instance, a sequence that is specific to a hepatitis virus. If there is virus in a blood sample, the DNA will connect to the beads designed to detect hepatitis. If there is HIV in the sample, the DNA will connect instead to the HIV beads. “It really took about 10 years to get the chemistry to work,” Chan says. Next, a cheap laser just

For thousands of years before men had any accurate and exact knowledge of the changes of material things, they had thought about these changes, regarded them as revelations of spiritual truths, built on them theories of things in heaven and earth (and a good many things in neither), and used them in manufactures, arts, and handicrafts, especially in one very curious manufacture wherein not the thousandth fragment of a grain of the finished article was ever produced.

Our pollution and neglect of the majestic garden of the earth, our rape of its resources, our abuse of the oceans and the rainforests, our fear, hatred and suspicion of one another multiplied by a hundred bitter regional and sectarian conflicts, our consistent track record of standing by and doing nothing while millions suffer, our ignorant, narrow-minded racism, our exclusivist religions, our forgetfulness that we are all brothers and sisters, our bellicose chauvinism, the dreadful cruelties that we indulge in, in the name of nation, or faith, or simple greed, our obsessive, competitive, ego-driven production and consumption of material goods and the growing conviction of many, fuelled by the triumphs of materialist science, that matter is all there is – that there is no such thing as spirit, that we are just accidents of chemistry and biology – all these things, and many more, in mythological terms at least, do not look good for us.

Determinism says that our behaviour is determined by two causes: our heredity and our environment. Heredity refers to the genes we inherit from our parents, while environment refers not only to our current environment but also to the environments we have experienced in the past—in effect, to all the experiences we have had from the time we were born. Determinism, in other words, says that our behaviour is entirely determined by our genes and experiences: if we knew every gene and every experience a person had, then, in principle, we could predict exactly what they would do at every moment in time. (p. 4) And now we may be on the brink of yet another revolution. It has been taking place largely out of public view, in psychology laboratories around the world. Its implications, however, are profound. It is telling us that just as we lost our belief that we are at the centre of the universe, we may also be losing our claim to stand aloof from the material world, to rise above the laws of physics and chemistry that bind other species. Our behaviour, it suggests, is just as lawful, just as determined, as that of every other living creature. (p. 6) Also, while determinism is clearly contrary to the religious doctrine of free will, it is important to note that it is not contrary to religion per se. Einstein famously said that ‘God does not play dice’ with nature. He believed in some form of creation, but he found it inconceivable that God would have left the running of this universe to chance. Determinism assumes that the universe is lawful, but it makes no assumptions about how this universe came into being. (p. 11) Another way in which parents influence their children’s behaviour is simply by being who they are. Children have a strong tendency to imitate adults, especially when the adult is important in their lives, and you can’t get much more important to a child than a parent. (p. 62) What children see does influence their understanding of how to get along in the world, of what is and isn’t acceptable. (p. 64) Our need to be liked, combined with our horror of being rejected or ostracized, can influence all of us. (p. 79) It is the brain which gives rise to thought: no brain activity, no thought. (p. 90) We’ve seen that everything we think, feel and do depends on the existence of an intact brain – (p. 92) …: that what remains in memory is not necessarily the precise details of an experience but our interpretation of that experience. (p. 140) According to determinism, it is your behaviour which is determined, not events. … The future is not preordained; if you change your behaviour, your future will also change. (p. 151) It is our brains that determine what we think and feel; if our brains don’t function properly, consciousness is disrupted. (p. 168) Given how much of our mental processing takes place in the unconscious, it is perhaps not surprising that we are often unaware of the factors that have guided our conscious thought. … …, but insofar as behaviour is determined by the environment, then by changing that environment we can change that behaviour. (p. 169)

A related issue to the Anthropic Principle is the so-called “god-of-the-gaps” in which theists argue that the (shrinking) number of issues that science has not yet explained require the existence of a god. For example, science has not (yet) been able to demonstrate the creation of a primitive life-form in the laboratory from non-living material (though US geneticist Craig Venter’s recent demonstration lays claim to having created such a laboratory synthetic life-form, the “Mycoplasma Laboratorium”). It is therefore concluded that a god is necessary to account for this step because of the “gap” in scientific knowledge. The issue of creating life in the laboratory (and other similar “gap” issues such as those in the fossil record) is reminiscent of other such “gaps” in the history of science that have since been bridged. For example, the laboratory synthesis of urea from inorganic materials by Friedrich Wöhler in 1828 at that time had nearly as much impact on religious believers as Copernicus’s heliocentric universe proposal. From the time of the Ancient Egyptians, the doctrine of vitalism had been dominant. Vitalism argued that the functions of living organisms included a “vital force” and therefore were beyond the laws of physics and chemistry. Urea (carbamide) is a natural metabolite found in the urine of animals that had been widely used in agriculture as a fertilizer and in the production of phosphorus. However, Friedrich Wöhler was the first to demonstrate that a natural organic material could be synthesized from inorganic materials (a combination of silver isocyanate and ammonium chloride leads to urea as one of its products). The experiment led Wöhler famously to write to a fellow chemist that it was “the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact,” that is, the slaying of vitalism by urea in a Petri dish. In practice, it took more than just Wöhler’s demonstration to slay vitalism as a scientific doctrine, but the synthesis of urea in the laboratory is one of the key advances in science in which the “gap” between the inorganic and the organic was finally bridged. And Wöhler certainly pissed on the doctrine of vitalism, if you will excuse a very bad joke.

Cooking is not chemistry and chemistry alone. When cooking starts, what ingredients are involved at the most indivisible level and how they mix together is part of reality. The second set of reality is who is cooking, why and for whom? The cook and hunger as part of reality are as much important as the knowledge of how the ingredients mix to become eventually a prepared ready-to-eat food. We drink so that we quench thirst. 'Why' in what happens is part of reality as much as 'how it happens'. If a person asks who made the computer, the answer is not sufficient if it only describes the materials and processes through which the computer was created.

If you dont any rule, no problem, just follow it reach the top and change the runle

Chlorine is a deadly poison gas employed on European battlefields in World War 1. Sodium is a corrosive metal which burns upon contact with water. Together they make a placid and unpoisonous material, table salt. Why each of these substances has the properties it does is a subject called chemistry, which requires more than 10 bits of information to understand. Carl Sagan

While we are in this embarrassingly negative corner of chemistry, I cannot avoid that other great pointed finger, the one directed at the environmental damage laid at the subject’s door, or at least at its drains. It is impossible to deny that the unwanted effluent of the chemical plant has wrought ecological havoc. Ever since Perkin’s factories turned the nearby canals red, green, and yellow according to the manufacturing priorities of the day, mankind’s aspiration for its own betterment has been at an environmental cost. In fact, the green shoots of environmental pollution, if that is not too ironical a term, can be traced back to the Greeks and Romans, for analysis of ice cores laid down in those eras show traces of the consequences of metal working. The way forward is either legal or chemical. The legal constrains by the prospect of punishment; the chemical avoids by elimination at source. The latter, always the better mode of action, depends on developments of chemistry itself and has inspired the politico-environmento-chemical movement of green chemistry. In broad terms, green chemistry aims to minimize the impact of chemical manufacturing processes on the environment by strict guidelines about the use of materials and the elimination of waste.

The crucial consideration, however, is where reliable solutions to the world’s problems will come from if it is not further development of chemistry. Chemistry holds the key to the enhancement of almost every aspect of our daily lives, from the cradle to the grave and all points in between. It has provided the material foundation of all our comforts, not only in health but in illness too, and there is no reason to suppose that it has reached its zenith. It contributes to our communications, both virtual and physical, for it provides the materials along which our electrons and photons travel in the complex network of patterns and interactions that result in computation. Moreover, it develops our fuels, rendering them more efficiently combustible and through catalysis minimizing their noxious products, and helps in the migration from fossil fuels to renewable sources, such as in the development of photovoltaic substances. Chemistry is the only solution to the problems it causes in the environment, be it in earth, air, or water.

Petroleum is, of course, an extraordinarily convenient source of energy, as it can be transported easily, even in weight-sensitive aircraft. Chemists have long contributed to the refinement of the raw material squeezed and pumped from the ground. They have developed processes and catalysts that have taken the molecules provided by Nature and used them to cut the molecules into more volatile fragments and reshape them so that they burn more efficiently. But burning Nature’s underground bounty might by future generations be seen as the wanton destruction of an invaluable resource, akin to species extinction. It is also finite, and although economically viable new sources of petroleum are constantly, for the time being at least, being discovered, it is proving hazardous and increasingly expensive to extract it. We have to accept that although an empty Earth is decades off, one day it will arrive and needs to be anticipated.

The angles (angels) of the twelve zodiacal signs materialize their vitalities in the human microcosm. Through the operation of chemistry, energy creating, the intelligent molecules of Divine substance make the “Word flesh.

I want to share with you the thought that chemistry provides the infrastructure of the modern world. There is hardly an item of everyday life that is not furnished by it or based on the materials it has created. Take away chemistry and its functional arm the chemical industry and you take away the metals and other materials of construction, the semiconductors of computation and communication, the fuels of heating, power generation, and transport, the fabrics of clothing and furnishings, and the artificial pigments of our blazingly colourful world. Take away its contributions to agriculture and you let people die, for the industry provides the fertilizers and pesticides that enable dwindling lands to support rising populations. Take away its pharmaceutical wing and you allow pain through the elimination of anaesthetics and deny people the prospect of recovery by the elimination of medicines. Imagine a world where there are no products of chemistry (including pure water): you are back before the Bronze Age, into the Stone Age: no metals, no fuels except wood, no fabrics except pelts, no medicines except herbs, no methods of computation except with your fingers, and very little food.

Baker, after all, was not a physicist but a chemist—someone who perceived that progress, the means of moving science and technology forward, was really the struggle to understand the composition of materials and fashion new and better ones whenever possible. Materials, he would later say, represented “the grand alliance of engineering and science.”22 To Baker, chemistry was the discipline that made a global communications network feasible.

Nature is always showing us the best model," explains John. "Because of my training, I know that molecules can be stretched to do something that doesn't suit their fundamental structure, but they'll always strain to go back to where they were before. A biomimetic way of looking at them is more behavioral. Instead of forcing molecules to interact, I 'ask' molecules what their role should be by studying their fundamental structure. For example, some molecules have strong adhesive properties. If it wants to do that, let it be a paint molecule. The benefit is that in chemistry, molecular structure always impacts the manufacturing process, so if you go along with that-like a molecule that already 'knows how' to be a paint molecule-it's going to be a more facile manufacturing route and straightforward product development. We have to let go of ego and let the inherent properties of materials teach us what to do." I understand John's orientation. At PAX, we let fluids in motion show us how they prefer to flow, rather than starting from what an engineer's diagram wants them to do.

Modern biomimicry is far more than just copying nature's shapes. It includes systematic design and problem-solving processes, which are now being refined by scientists and engineers in universities and institutes worldwide. The first step in any of these processes is to clearly define the challenge we're trying to solve. Then we can determine whether the problem is related to form, function, or ecosystem. Next, we ask what plant, animal, or natural process solves a similar problem most effectively. For example, engineers trying to design a camera lens with the widest viewing angle possible found inspiration in the eyes of bees, which can see an incredible five-sixths of the way, or three hundred degrees, around their heads. The process can also work in reverse, where the exceptional strategies of a plant, animal, or ecosystem are recognized and reverse engineered. De Mestral's study of the tenacious grip of burrs on his socks is an early example of reverse engineering a natural winner, while researchers' fascination at the way geckos can hang upside down from the ceiling or climb vertical windows has now resulted in innovative adhesives and bandages. Designs based on biomimicry offer a range of economic benefits. Because nature has carried out trillions of parallel, competitive experiments for millions of years, its successful designs are dramatically more energy efficient than the inventions we've created in the past couple of hundred years. Nature builds only with locally derived materials, so it uses little transport energy. Its designs can be less expensive to manufacture than traditional approaches, because nature doesn't waste materials. For example, the exciting new engineering frontier of nanotechnology mirrors nature's manufacturing principles by building devices one molecule at a time. This means no offcuts or excess. Nature can't afford to poison itself either, so it creates and combines chemicals in a way that is nontoxic to its ecosystems. Green chemistry is a branch of biomimicry that uses this do-no-harm principle, to develop everything from medicines to cleaning products to industrial molecules that are safe by design. Learning from the way nature handles materials also allows one of our companies, PaxFan, to build fans that are smaller and lighter while giving higher performance. Finally, nature has methods to recycle absolutely everything it creates. In natures' closed loop of survival on this planet, everything is a resource and everything is recycled-one of the most fundamental components of sustainability. For all these reasons, as I hear one prominent venture capitalist declare, biomimicry will be the business of the twenty-first century. The global force of this emerging and fascinating field is undeniable and building on all societal levels.

More important than any one new application is the new 'materials' concept itself. It marks a shift from concern with substances to concern with structures, a shift from artisan to scientist as man's artificer, a shift from chemistry to physics as the basic discipline, and a shift, above all, from the concrete experience of the workshop to abstract mathematics, a shift from starting with what nature provides to what man wants to accomplish. -The Age of Discontinuity, 1969

Also by Alan Watts The Spirit of Zen (1936) The Legacy of Asia and Western Man (1937) The Meaning of Happiness (1940) The Theologica Mystica of St. Dionysius (1944) (translation) Behold the Spirit (1948) Easter: Its Story and Meaning (1950) The Supreme Identity (1950) The Wisdom of Insecurity (1951) Myth and Ritual in Christianity (1953) The Way of Zen (1957) Nature, Man, and Woman (1958) “This Is It” and Other Essays on Zen and Spiritual Experience (1960) Psychotherapy East and West (1961) The Joyous Cosmology: Adventures in the Chemistry of Consciousness (1962) The Two Hands of God: The Myths of Polarity (1963) Beyond Theology: The Art of Godmanship (1964) The Book: On the Taboo Against Knowing Who You Are (1966) Nonsense (1967) Does It Matter?: Essays on Man’s Relation to Materiality (1970) Erotic Spirituality: The Vision of Konarak (1971) The Art of Contemplation (1972) In My Own Way: An Autobiography 1915–1965 (1972) Cloud-hidden, Whereabouts Unknown: A Mountain Journal (1973) Posthumous Publications Tao: The Watercourse Way (unfinished at the time of his death in 1973, published in 1975) The Essence of Alan Watts (1974) Essential Alan Watts (1976) Uncarved Block, Unbleached Silk: The Mystery of Life (1978) Om: Creative Meditations (1979) Play to Live (1982) Way of Liberation: Essays and Lectures on the Transformation of the Self (1983) Out of the Trap (1985) Diamond Web (1986) The Early Writings of Alan Watts (1987) The Modern Mystic: A New Collection of Early Writings (1990) Talking Zen (1994) Become Who You Are (1995) Buddhism: The Religion of No-Religion (1995) The Philosophies of Asia (1995) The Tao of Philosophy (1995) Myth and Religion (1996) Taoism: Way Beyond Seeking (1997) Zen and the Beat Way (1997) Culture of Counterculture (1998) Eastern Wisdom: What Is Zen?, What Is Tao?, An Introduction to Meditation (2000) Eastern Wisdom, Modern Life: Collected Talks: 1960–1969 (2006)

To sum up: the respective inadequacies of materialism and theism as transcendent conceptions, and the impossibility of abandoning the search for a transcendent view of our place in the universe, lead to the hope for an expanded but still naturalistic understanding that avoids psychophysical reductionism. The essential character of such an understanding would be to explain the appearance of life, consciousness, reason, and knowledge neither as accidental side effects of the physical laws of nature nor as the result of intentional intervention in nature from without but as an unsurprising if not inevitable consequence of the order that governs the natural world from within. That order would have to include physical law, but if life is not just a physical phenomenon, the origin and evolution of life and mind will not be explainable by physics and chemistry alone. An expanded, but still unified, form of explanation will be needed, and I suspect it will have to include teleological elements.

The rise of modern science in the seventeenth century-with the attendant attempt to analyze all observable phenomena in terms of mechanical chains of causation-was a knife in the heart of moral philosophy, for it reduced human beings to automatons. If all of the body and brain canbe completely described without invoking anything so empyreal as a mind, let alone a consciousness, then the notion that a person is morally responsible for his actions appears quaint, if not scientifically naive. A machine cannot be held responsible for its actions. If our minds are impotent to affect our behavior, then surely we are no more responsible for our actions than a robot is. It is an understatement to note that the triumph of materialism, as applied to questions of mind and brain, therefore makes many people squirm. For if the mysteries of the mind are reducible to physics and chemistry, then "mind is but the babbling of a robot, chained ineluctably to crude causality," as the neurobiologist Robert Doty put it in 1998.

storage vessel A storage vessel is, at heart, a container built to meet the industry rules for keeping specific products secure. While oil companies rely on them most, you will also see these tanks in food plants, fertilizer works, and several other fields. The guidelines that shape each tank vary widely because every material, from crude to cooking oil, has its own safety and stability needs. Given this patchwork of rules, picking the right system usually demands someone who has spent years on the job. On top of that, the entire cycle-emptying, cleaning, and then refilling-must be planned so nothing slips through the cracks. The desired maximum requirements are the requirements for API 650 and API 620 published through the funds of the American Petroleum Institute.For a deeper look at storage vessels, check the article Anpam Engineering put out last month. Classification of storage vessels One common way to sort these tanks is by the style of roof they use. According to the type of ceiling According to the type of floating ceiling Special vessels You can also group them by what sits inside the tank, by whether they are insulated, or simply by how wide they are. Some garage vessels have floating roofs. This floating roof rises and falls with a liquid degree with the vessels, lowering the steam hole over the fluid. Industry insiders often say that liquid roofs are more than just clever design; they are basic safety gear and a first line of defense against leaks in oil refineries. A storage vessel is a storage vehicle that is compatible with the standard for storing fabrics. At the end of the day, every vessel must follow rules that match the exact chemistry of what it holds. In addition, storage vessels should be designed with process considerations before and after the storage system. With so many important factors to consider, picking the right storage system really calls for hands-on experience. Any plan or layout must follow the unique methods the company already uses. Anpam engineering experts have a technical knowledge level that provides solutions to complex storage system needs. In our line you can find many steel systems.

The aging process also results in the formation of a wide range of volatile (meaning that they evaporate easily) organic molecules, which are responsible for the smell of old paper and books. Libraries are now actively researching the chemistry of book smell to see if they can use it to help them monitor and preserve large collections of books. Although it is a smell of decay, to many it is nevertheless perceived to be a pleasant one.

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【V信83113305】：Founded in 1887, École Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques (ENSIC) is a prestigious French graduate engineering school and a cornerstone of the University of Lorraine in Nancy. As a leading institution in chemical engineering and industrial processes, ENSIC is renowned for its rigorous academic curriculum, cutting-edge research, and strong industrial partnerships. The school trains highly skilled engineers capable of tackling global challenges in sectors like energy, materials, and sustainable chemistry. Its close collaboration with industry ensures that its education and innovative research are both scientifically excellent and directly applicable to the real world, solidifying its reputation as a top-tier Grande École.，做今年新版ENSIC毕业证, 南锡高等化工学院毕业证书, 南锡高等化工学院毕业证最放心办理渠道, 办理法国Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques de Nancy南锡高等化工学院毕业证Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques de Nancy文凭版本, 一比一原版ENSIC南锡高等化工学院毕业证购买, 在线办理ENSIC南锡高等化工学院毕业证本科硕士成绩单方法, 修改Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Industries Chimiques de Nancy南锡高等化工学院成绩单电子版gpa让学历更出色, 最爱-法国-ENSIC毕业证书样板, 最佳办理ENSIC南锡高等化工学院毕业证方式

【V信83113305】：The National School of Chemical Engineering of Mulhouse (ENSCMu), part of the University of Haute-Alsace, is a prestigious French *grande école* with a distinguished history dating back to 1822. Located in Mulhouse, a city with a strong industrial heritage, the school is renowned for its high-level programs in chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science. ENSCMu provides a rigorous curriculum that combines fundamental scientific theory with extensive practical laboratory work and industrial internships. Its close ties with the chemical and pharmaceutical industries ensure its education and research are aligned with real-world technological challenges. As a member of the Gay-Lussac federation, it collaborates with other top chemistry schools in France, further enhancing its academic excellence and research impact in training the next generation of engineers and innovators.，ENSCMu米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院毕业证书, ENSCMu毕业证最放心办理渠道, 优质渠道办理ENSCMu米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院毕业证成绩单学历认证, 法国毕业证学历认证, ENSCMu米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院原版购买, 米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院毕业证最稳最快办理方式, 加急办ENSCMu米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院文凭学位证书成绩单gpa修改, 办理ENSCMu毕业证, 米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院成绩单办理

【V信83113305】：École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM) is a prestigious French Grande École and a leading institution in chemical engineering and chemistry. Located in the vibrant city of Montpellier, it is renowned for its high-level academic programs, cutting-edge research, and strong industrial partnerships. ENSCM trains engineers to become experts in chemistry and chemical processes, with a curriculum that emphasizes innovation, sustainability, and interdisciplinary approaches. The school is part of the University of Montpellier and contributes significantly to scientific advancement in fields such as materials, energy, and health. Its graduates are highly sought after in various industries worldwide, reflecting the school's excellence and influential role in chemical sciences.，ENSC Montpellier毕业证认证PDF成绩单, ENSC Montpellier毕业证办理流程和安全放心渠道, 百分百放心原版复刻蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院ENSC Montpellier毕业证书, 加急办蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院文凭学位证书成绩单gpa修改, 办理真实ENSC Montpellier毕业证成绩单留信网认证, ENSC Montpellier蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院原版购买, 硕士博士学历ENSC Montpellier毕业证-蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院毕业证书-真实copy原件, 申请学校!成绩单蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院成绩单改成绩, 做今年新版蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院毕业证

【V信83113305】：Nestled in the vibrant city of Mulhouse, the University of Haute-Alsace (UHA) stands as a key academic and research institution in eastern France. While often associated with the broader University of Mulhouse, UHA has its own distinct identity, deeply connected to the industrial and cultural heritage of the region. It is particularly renowned for its strong programs in chemistry, engineering, and textiles, fostering close ties with local industries to provide students with practical, career-oriented education. The university's dynamic research centers contribute significantly to innovation in materials science and energy. With a diverse student body and a commitment to international collaboration, UHA offers a unique academic experience at the crossroads of French and German influences, making it a vital center for learning and discovery in the heart of Europe.，法国留学本科毕业证, 上阿尔萨斯大学（米鲁兹大学）成绩单复刻, 办上阿尔萨斯大学（米鲁兹大学）毕业证-Diploma, UHA文凭购买, 666办理上阿尔萨斯大学（米鲁兹大学）毕业证最佳渠道, 如何办理Université de Haute Alsace-Mulhouse上阿尔萨斯大学（米鲁兹大学）学历学位证, 上阿尔萨斯大学（米鲁兹大学）毕业证书-一比一制作, 最安全购买UHA上阿尔萨斯大学（米鲁兹大学）毕业证方法, 原版定制UHA上阿尔萨斯大学（米鲁兹大学）毕业证

【V信83113305】：Nestled in the heart of Europe, the École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux (ECPM) of the University of Strasbourg stands as a premier institution for scientific excellence. It offers a unique, multidisciplinary curriculum focused on chemistry, polymer science, and materials engineering, all taught in a vibrant international environment. Renowned for its cutting-edge research and strong ties to industry, ECPM provides students with exceptional training and hands-on experience in state-of-the-art laboratories. Its location in Strasbourg, a key European capital, further enriches the academic journey, fostering cross-cultural collaboration and preparing graduates to become leading innovators and researchers on the global stage.，办斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院毕业证认证学历认证使馆认证, fake-ECPM-degree, 原版ECPM斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院毕业证办理流程, 原版斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院毕业证书办理流程, 法国斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院毕业证成绩单在线制作办理, 购买斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院文凭, 斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院留学本科毕业证, 本地法国硕士文凭证书原版定制ECPM本科毕业证书, 定做斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院毕业证ECPM毕业证书毕业证

【V信83113305】：École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL) is a prestigious French grande école and a leading institution in chemical engineering and chemistry sciences. Located in the vibrant academic hub of Lille, it is part of the University of Lille and a member of the elite Fédération Gay-Lussac, which groups top chemistry schools in France. ENSCL offers rigorous engineering programs, cutting-edge research, and strong industrial partnerships, preparing graduates for high-level careers in sectors like energy, materials, and health. With a focus on innovation and sustainability, the school contributes significantly to scientific advancement and technological development, attracting talented students from around the world.，原版定制ENSC Lille里尔国立高等化工学院毕业证书, 留学生买文凭ENSC Lille毕业证里尔国立高等化工学院, ENSC Lille硕士毕业证, 原价-ENSC Lille毕业证官方成绩单学历认证, 网上购买假学历里尔国立高等化工学院毕业证书, 100%办理ENSC Lille毕业证书, 终于找到哪里办里尔国立高等化工学院毕业证书, 办理里尔国立高等化工学院毕业证成绩单办理, 高质ENSC Lille里尔国立高等化工学院成绩单办理安全可靠的文凭服务

【V信83113305】：École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR) is a prestigious French Grande École dedicated to engineering and research in chemistry and chemical engineering. Located in the vibrant city of Rennes, the institution is renowned for its rigorous academic programs, cutting-edge scientific research, and strong industrial partnerships. ENSCR's curriculum combines fundamental theoretical knowledge with extensive practical laboratory experience, preparing graduates for leadership roles in diverse sectors such as materials science, energy, health, and the environment. As a selective public institution, it attracts high-caliber students and contributes significantly to innovation and technological advancement, embodying the excellence of the French engineering education system.，原价-ENSC Rennes雷恩国立高等化工学院毕业证官方成绩单学历认证, 雷恩国立高等化工学院毕业证制作代办流程, 专业办理Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes雷恩国立高等化工学院成绩单高质学位证书服务, 雷恩国立高等化工学院文凭, 申请学校!成绩单雷恩国立高等化工学院成绩单改成绩, 办雷恩国立高等化工学院成绩单, 法国毕业证办理, Offer(ENSC Rennes成绩单)雷恩国立高等化工学院如何办理?, 原版定制ENSC Rennes毕业证书案例

【V信83113305】：École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, also known as Chimie ParisTech, is a prestigious French *grande école* and a world-renowned institution in the field of chemical science and engineering. Founded in 1896, it is located in the heart of Paris and is a founding member of PSL University. The school is celebrated for its exceptional academic rigor, cutting-edge research, and strong industrial partnerships. Its programs train elite engineers and scientists to become leaders in diverse sectors, from energy and materials to pharmaceuticals and sustainable chemistry. With a strong emphasis on innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration, Chimie ParisTech continues to be a major force in advancing scientific knowledge and addressing global technological challenges.，法国ENSC Paris毕业证仪式感|购买ENSC Paris巴黎国立高等化工学院学位证, 终于找到哪里办ENSC Paris毕业证书, 网络办理ENSC Paris毕业证-巴黎国立高等化工学院毕业证书-学位证书, 如何获取巴黎国立高等化工学院Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris毕业证本科学位证书, 在线办理巴黎国立高等化工学院毕业证本科硕士成绩单方法, 做今年新版ENSC Paris巴黎国立高等化工学院毕业证, 留学生买文凭Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris毕业证巴黎国立高等化工学院, fake-ENSC Paris-degree, 购买ENSC Paris毕业证

【V信83113305】：The École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse (ENSCMu), now part of the University of Haute-Alsace, is a distinguished French *grande école* with a prestigious legacy in chemistry. Founded in 1822, it has built a formidable reputation for excellence in both mineral and organic chemistry. The school's rigorous engineering program equips graduates with deep expertise in synthesis, materials science, and chemical processes, blending fundamental research with strong industrial applications. Its research laboratories are recognized for pioneering work in areas like sustainable chemistry, advanced materials, and molecular engineering. As a highly selective institution, ENSCMu produces top-tier chemical engineers and researchers who go on to become leaders in academia and industry worldwide.，专业办理ESCOM高等矿物与有机化学学院成绩单高质学位证书服务, 硕士文凭定制ESCOM毕业证书, 出售Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale证书哪里能购买Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale毕业证, 修改Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale高等矿物与有机化学学院成绩单电子版gpa实现您的学业目标, 定制高等矿物与有机化学学院成绩单, 法国大学文凭购买, 高端原版ESCOM高等矿物与有机化学学院毕业证办理流程, 加急高等矿物与有机化学学院毕业证ESCOM毕业证书办理多少钱, 高等矿物与有机化学学院成绩单复刻

【V信83113305】：École Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles (ENSAIT) is a prestigious French grande école specializing in textile engineering and innovation. Located in Roubaix, a historic hub of textile production, it has been at the forefront of textile research and education since 1881. ENSAIT offers advanced programs integrating materials science, chemistry, mechanics, and digital technologies, preparing graduates for leadership roles in technical textiles, smart fabrics, and sustainable fashion. With state-of-the-art laboratories and strong industry partnerships, the school drives cutting-edge developments in functional materials and circular economy solutions. It is a key institution shaping the future of global textile industries through excellence in engineering and applied research.，加急办ENSAIT国立高等纺织工艺学院文凭学位证书成绩单gpa修改, 国立高等纺织工艺学院毕业证认证, 国立高等纺织工艺学院毕业证购买, 修改Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Industries Textiles国立高等纺织工艺学院成绩单电子版gpa实现您的学业目标, 极速办国立高等纺织工艺学院毕业证ENSAIT文凭学历制作, ENSAIT国立高等纺织工艺学院毕业证成绩单学历认证最安全办理方式, 高端定制ENSAIT毕业证留信认证, 在线办理国立高等纺织工艺学院毕业证offer外壳皮, 国立高等纺织工艺学院毕业证办理

【V信83113305】：Nestled in the vibrant city of Caen, Normandy, the University of Caen Normandy (Université de Caen Normandie) stands as a prestigious institution with a rich history dating back to 1432. Founded by the English King Henry VI, it is one of France's oldest universities, though it was tragically destroyed in 1944 and meticulously rebuilt in a striking modernist style. Today, it is a major comprehensive university, hosting over 30,000 students across a wide spectrum of disciplines including sciences, law, economics, humanities, and technology. The university is renowned for its strong research focus, particularly in materials chemistry, physics, and humanities, contributing significantly to the intellectual and economic life of the region. Its expansive campus fosters a dynamic and multicultural academic community.，哪里买卡昂大学毕业证|UNICAEN成绩单, 法国留学成绩单毕业证, 购买UNICAEN卡昂大学毕业证和学位证认证步骤, 100%满意-UNICAEN毕业证卡昂大学学位证, 高质Université de Caen Normandie卡昂大学成绩单办理安全可靠的文凭服务, 法国毕业证办理, 修改Université de Caen Normandie卡昂大学成绩单电子版gpa让学历更出色, 一比一原版UNICAEN卡昂大学毕业证购买, 硕士-UNICAEN毕业证卡昂大学毕业证办理

【V信83113305】：The École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris) stands as a beacon of scientific excellence and innovation. Founded in 1882, this prestigious *grande école* is renowned for its unique fusion of high-level fundamental research and groundbreaking practical application. Its intimate size fosters a highly collaborative environment where interdisciplinary work between physics, chemistry, and biology thrives. This approach has yielded an extraordinary legacy of discovery, including six Nobel Prizes awarded to its faculty and alumni for breakthroughs such as the Curies' work on radioactivity and Pierre-Gilles de Gennes' research in soft matter. Today, ESPCI continues to be a vital engine of scientific progress, training exceptional engineers and pushing the boundaries of knowledge in fields from materials science to biomedical technology.，ESPCI Paris巴黎市工业物理化学学院毕业证书, 一比一办理-ESPCI Paris毕业证巴黎市工业物理化学学院毕业证, 巴黎市工业物理化学学院毕业证最放心办理渠道, 正版法国Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielle de la Ville de Paris毕业证文凭学历证书, ESPCI Paris巴黎市工业物理化学学院毕业证和学位证办理流程, 正版法国ESPCI Paris毕业证文凭学历证书, 高端烫金工艺ESPCI Paris巴黎市工业物理化学学院毕业证成绩单制作, 巴黎市工业物理化学学院成绩单购买, 加急办ESPCI Paris巴黎市工业物理化学学院文凭学位证书成绩单gpa修改

【V信83113305】：École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, also known as Chimie ParisTech, is a prestigious French *grande école* and a world leader in chemical science and engineering education. Founded in 1896, it is located in the heart of Paris and is a founding member of PSL University. The school is renowned for its highly selective admissions, rigorous academic curriculum, and exceptional research output, particularly in fields like chemistry, materials science, and energy. With strong ties to industry and a focus on innovation, it produces graduates who become leading engineers, researchers, and entrepreneurs globally. Its intimate class sizes and state-of-the-art laboratories provide an elite environment for advancing scientific knowledge and addressing complex global challenges.，高质ENSC Paris巴黎国立高等化工学院成绩单办理安全可靠的文凭服务, 快速办理ENSC Paris毕业证-巴黎国立高等化工学院毕业证书-百分百放心, 巴黎国立高等化工学院颁发典礼学术荣誉颁奖感受博士生的光荣时刻, 百分比满意度-ENSC Paris巴黎国立高等化工学院毕业证, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris巴黎国立高等化工学院学位证书快速办理, 制作法国文凭巴黎国立高等化工学院毕业证, ENSC Paris本科毕业证, ENSC Paris毕业证本科学历办理方法, ENSC Paris文凭毕业证丢失怎么购买

【V信83113305】：The École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse (ENSCMu), now part of the University of Haute-Alsace, is a distinguished French *grande école* with a prestigious legacy in chemistry. Founded in 1822, it has built a formidable reputation for excellence in both fundamental and applied chemical sciences. The school's curriculum is highly selective, producing elite engineers and researchers who are experts in diverse fields such as materials science, organic chemistry, and sustainable processes. ENSCMu is particularly renowned for its cutting-edge research in polymers, fine chemicals, and energy materials, conducted in close collaboration with major industrial partners. This synergy between rigorous academic training and impactful industrial application ensures its graduates are at the forefront of innovation, continuing to shape the chemical industry in France and globally.，法国ESCOM高等矿物与有机化学学院毕业证成绩单在线制作办理, 办高等矿物与有机化学学院毕业证成绩单, Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale高等矿物与有机化学学院毕业证制作代办流程, Offer(Ecole Supérieure de Chimie Organique et Minérale成绩单)高等矿物与有机化学学院如何办理?, ESCOM高等矿物与有机化学学院毕业证和学位证办理流程, ESCOM毕业证最新版本推荐最快办理高等矿物与有机化学学院文凭成绩单, 原价-ESCOM高等矿物与有机化学学院毕业证官方成绩单学历认证, 硕士高等矿物与有机化学学院文凭定制ESCOM毕业证书, 快速办理ESCOM高等矿物与有机化学学院毕业证如何放心

【V信83113305】：Founded in 2009, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (IPB) is a leading French public institution dedicated to engineering and technology education. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, it brings together multiple engineering schools under one academic and research umbrella. IPB offers a wide range of programs in fields such as computer science, materials, chemistry, and mathematics, emphasizing innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration. With strong ties to industry and a focus on applied research, the institute prepares students to tackle global scientific and technological challenges. Its vibrant campus life and international outlook make it an attractive destination for aspiring engineers and researchers from around the world.，Bordeaux INP波尔多综合理工学院毕业证最简单办理流程, 修改Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux波尔多综合理工学院成绩单电子版gpa实现您的学业目标, 波尔多综合理工学院毕业证Bordeaux INP毕业证书, offer波尔多综合理工学院在读证明, 网上办理波尔多综合理工学院毕业证书流程, 原版Bordeaux INP波尔多综合理工学院毕业证最佳办理流程, Bordeaux INP毕业证成绩单原版定制, 留学生买文凭Bordeaux INP毕业证波尔多综合理工学院, 没-波尔多综合理工学院毕业证书Bordeaux INP挂科了怎么补救

【V信83113305】：The National Graduate School of Chemistry of Mulhouse (ENSCMu), part of the University of Haute-Alsace, is a prestigious French *grande école* renowned for its excellence in chemical engineering and materials science. Located in Mulhouse, a historic industrial hub, the school maintains strong ties with the chemical and manufacturing sectors, providing students with exceptional opportunities for internships and collaborative research. Its rigorous curriculum combines fundamental science with advanced applied research, preparing graduates to become leading engineers and innovators. ENSCMu's state-of-the-art facilities and its focus on sustainable chemistry and cutting-edge materials make it a pivotal institution in training the next generation of experts who will address global technological and environmental challenges.，ENSCMu米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院多少钱, 米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院毕业证办理流程和安全放心渠道, 定制ENSCMu毕业证, 米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院成绩单复刻, 没-米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院毕业证书ENSCMu挂科了怎么补救, 原版ENSCMu毕业证办理流程, 挂科办理ENSCMu米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院毕业证文凭, 米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院毕业证书, 毕业证文凭米鲁兹大学米鲁兹国立高等化工学院毕业证

【V信83113305】：École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM) is a prestigious French Grande École and a leading institution in chemical engineering and chemistry. Located in the vibrant city of Montpellier, it is renowned for its rigorous academic programs, cutting-edge research, and strong industrial partnerships. ENSCM offers a comprehensive curriculum that combines fundamental science with practical engineering applications, preparing graduates for successful careers in pharmaceuticals, materials science, energy, and more. The school fosters a dynamic research environment, with laboratories dedicated to innovative fields like sustainable chemistry, catalysis, and nanotechnology. As part of the University of Montpellier’s rich scientific ecosystem, ENSCM emphasizes international collaboration, innovation, and excellence, making it a top choice for aspiring chemists and engineers worldwide.，ENSC Montpellier蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院毕业证和学位证办理流程, 办理Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier大学毕业证蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院, 网上制作蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院毕业证ENSC Montpellier毕业证书留信学历认证, 留学生买文凭Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier毕业证蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院, 一比一制作-ENSC Montpellier文凭证书蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院毕业证, 定制-蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院毕业证ENSC Montpellier毕业证书, 办理Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院毕业证文凭, ENSC Montpellier本科毕业证, 一比一原版蒙彼利埃国立高等化工学院毕业证ENSC Montpellier毕业证书如何办理

【V信83113305】：Nestled in the heart of Europe, the École européenne de chimie, polymères et matériaux (ECPM) of the University of Strasbourg stands as a premier institution for scientific excellence. It offers a unique, multidisciplinary curriculum focused on chemistry, polymer science, and materials engineering,全部 taught in English and French. Renowned for its cutting-edge research and strong industrial partnerships, ECPM provides students with exceptional training in innovation and sustainable development. Its vibrant, international community and location in a major European capital make it an ideal environment for aspiring scientists and engineers to thrive and shape the future of technology.，做今年新版斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院毕业证, 法国办斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院毕业证办成绩单购买, ECPM斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院颁发典礼学术荣誉颁奖感受博士生的光荣时刻, ECPM毕业证成绩单专业服务学历认证, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux de Strasbourg斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院颁发典礼学术荣誉颁奖感受博士生的光荣时刻, 想要真实感受斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院版毕业证图片的品质点击查看详解, 斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院毕业证学校原版一样吗, 原价-ECPM斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院毕业证官方成绩单学历认证, 百分百放心原版复刻斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲化学、聚合物与材料学院ECPM毕业证书

【V信83113305】：The University of Orléans, located in the Centre-Val de Loire region, is a prominent French institution with a rich history dating back to 1306. Reestablished in its modern form in 1960, it has grown into a comprehensive university renowned for its strong focus on science and technology, particularly in materials science, chemistry, and energy. The university fosters a vibrant academic environment across its multiple campuses, offering a diverse range of programs in law, economics, humanities, and languages. Its commitment to research is evident through numerous laboratories and international partnerships. Integrating a dynamic student life with academic excellence, the University of Orléans provides a stimulating setting for learning and innovation.，100%安全办理奥尔良大学毕业证, 学历文凭认证UO毕业证-奥尔良大学毕业证如何办理, 奥尔良大学文凭Université d'Orléans, 奥尔良大学学位证毕业证, 本地法国硕士文凭证书原版定制UO本科毕业证书, 一比一办理-UO毕业证奥尔良大学毕业证, 奥尔良大学毕业证最简单办理流程, UO奥尔良大学毕业证办理流程和安全放心渠道, 100%办理UO毕业证书

【V信83113305】：Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, Biologie et Physique (Bordeaux INP-ENSCBP) is a prestigious French Grande École renowned for its excellence in engineering education and research. Located in the vibrant academic hub of Bordeaux, it offers advanced programs in chemistry, biology, and physics, blending rigorous theoretical training with practical innovation. The institution fosters strong industry partnerships and promotes interdisciplinary collaboration, preparing students to tackle global challenges in fields like sustainable materials, health sciences, and energy. With state-of-the-art facilities and a commitment to cutting-edge research, Bordeaux INP-ENSCBP stands as a leader in training the next generation of engineers and scientists.，原版定制波尔多综合理工学院-波尔多国立高等化学、生物与物理学院毕业证, ENSCBP波尔多综合理工学院-波尔多国立高等化学、生物与物理学院毕业证办理流程和安全放心渠道, 波尔多综合理工学院-波尔多国立高等化学、生物与物理学院颁发典礼学术荣誉颁奖感受博士生的光荣时刻, ENSCBP波尔多综合理工学院-波尔多国立高等化学、生物与物理学院毕业证和学位证办理流程, 办理波尔多综合理工学院-波尔多国立高等化学、生物与物理学院毕业证, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique de Bordeaux波尔多综合理工学院-波尔多国立高等化学、生物与物理学院颁发典礼学术荣誉颁奖感受博士生的光荣时刻, 最佳办理ENSCBP毕业证方式, ENSCBP毕业证办理多少钱又安全, 做今年新版ENSCBP毕业证

【V信83113305】：The Graduate School of Engineering in Applied Sciences and Technology (ENSCR) is a distinguished institution within the University of Rennes 1, France. Renowned for its rigorous curriculum in chemical engineering and process engineering, ENSCR provides a high-level scientific and technical education. The school emphasizes strong ties with industrial and research sectors, ensuring its programs are aligned with real-world challenges. Students benefit from a project-based learning approach, state-of-the-art laboratories, and a dynamic international environment. As a "grande école," it cultivates innovative engineers and future leaders capable of driving progress in fields like sustainable chemistry, materials science, and environmental technology, solidifying its reputation for excellence.，雷恩第一大学国立高等技术与应用科学学院Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquees et de Technologie de Lannion大学毕业证成绩单, 网上补办ENSSAT雷恩第一大学国立高等技术与应用科学学院毕业证成绩单多少钱, 挂科办理Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquees et de Technologie de Lannion雷恩第一大学国立高等技术与应用科学学院毕业证本科学位证书, ENSSAT雷恩第一大学国立高等技术与应用科学学院毕业证认证PDF成绩单, ENSSAT毕业证最安全办理办法, ENSSAT雷恩第一大学国立高等技术与应用科学学院多少钱, ENSSAT毕业证办理流程和安全放心渠道, 雷恩第一大学国立高等技术与应用科学学院硕士毕业证, 原价-ENSSAT毕业证官方成绩单学历认证

【V信83113305】：Darmstadt University of Technology, known as TU Darmstadt, is a prestigious German institution renowned for its excellence in engineering and natural sciences. Founded in 1877, it has consistently been at the forefront of technological innovation and research, holding the distinguished title of a University of Excellence in Germany. The university maintains strong partnerships with leading industry players, particularly in the fields of information technology, mechanical engineering, and chemistry. Its research contributions are globally recognized, especially in areas such as artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and materials science. With a vibrant international community and a strong emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration, TU Darmstadt provides a dynamic academic environment that prepares its graduates to become leaders in science, industry, and society.，高端原版达姆施塔特工业大学毕业证办理流程, 哪里买TU Darmstadt达姆施塔特工业大学毕业证|TU Darmstadt成绩单, 达姆施塔特工业大学挂科了怎么办？Technische Universität Darmstadt毕业证成绩单专业服务, 原版达姆施塔特工业大学毕业证书办理流程, 达姆施塔特工业大学留学本科毕业证, 终于找到哪里办TU Darmstadt毕业证书, TU Darmstadt毕业证书达姆施塔特工业大学毕业证诚信办理, 留学生买毕业证TU Darmstadt毕业证文凭成绩单办理, 德国硕士毕业证