Licensure Exam Quotes

(1) Phonological awareness is recognizing the sound structures of spoken language, not just the meanings it conveys. This is a reading prerequisite. (2) Phonemic awareness is the skill of recognizing and manipulating individual speech sounds or phonemes. Students must be able to segment words and syllables into phonemes to learn to read. (3) The Alphabetic Principle is the concept that printed language consists of alphabet letters that are deliberately and systematically related to the individual sounds of spoken language. Reading depends on understanding this concept. (4) Orthographic awareness is recognition of printed language structures, such as orthographic rules, patterns in spelling; derivational morphology and inflectional morphology, i.e. structural changes indicating word types and grammatical differences; and etymology, i.e. word and meaning

A classroom library containing both fiction and non-fiction books should be located centrally, and include newspapers, magazines, telephone books, restaurant menus, etc. Teachers should also integrate literacy across the curriculum by reading and assigning texts that support their learning units in subjects such as mathematics, sciences, and social studies.

Decoding   Basically, being able to apply one’s knowledge of patterns in printed letters and of correspondences between letters and the sounds they represent, and to pronounce printed words correctly, constitute word decoding.

Phonemic awareness consists of being able to hear, identify, and manipulate individual speech sounds or phonemes.

The alphabetic principle is the concept that letters represent speech sounds, and arrangements of letters represent spoken words.