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It must be said, as well, that Islam, like Judaism, is in some sense an indigenous tradition on the Arabian peninsula, if not elsewhere, although of course one that set itself against the other indigenous religions around it and eliminated them, to the degree that Christianity had not already done so. Islam’s appropriation of Judaism, as well, and its accompanying claim to supersession of it, are not characteristic of indigenous traditions. There is one way, however, in which it resembles certain other indigenous traditions we are discussing, namely in its refusal to regard translations of its scripture into other languages as entirely valid, due to the sanctity of the language in which it was revealed. This resembles the consensus which began to emerge in the late antique Mediterranean against the unnecessary translation of divine names, which was promoted in a fragment of the text known as the Chaldean Oracles, which urges one, in Greek, not to translate the ‘foreign names’ in sacred texts. This doctrine received philosophical articulation from the influential Platonic philosopher Iamblichus, himself a Syrian, in the early 4th century CE. This counter-translation movement likely played a significant role in the polytheist resistance to Christian hegemony, which makes it ironic that we see a form of it manifest in Islam. The fact that it emerged in the same region, broadly speaking, is intriguing, but as far as I can tell has no direct significance. We can see, however, that an expansionist religion operating on such principles promotes a different kind of universality than Christianity.
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Edward P. Butler (The Way of the Gods : Polytheism(s) Around the World)