β
Heaven establishes kings not on behalf of rulers but on behalf of the people; βTherefore if his virtue is sufficient to bring security and happiness to the people, Heaven bestows [the Mandate] on him; if his evil is sufficient to injure and harm the people, Heaven withdraws [the Mandate] from him.β17
β
β
Zhongshu Dong (Luxuriant Gems of the Spring and Autumn (Translations from the Asian Classics))