Cg Motivational Quotes

The more one sees of human fate and the more one examines its secret springs of action, the more one is impressed by the strength of unconscious motives and by the limitations of free choice

Non-directed thinking is in the main subjectively motivated, and not so much by conscious motives as—far more—by unconscious ones.

Dacă urmărim cu atenție istoria unei nevroze, dăm regulat peste un moment critic când s-a ivit o problemă care a fost evitată. Această evitare este o reacție atât de firească și de generală precum sunt lenea, comoditatea, lașitatea, anxietatea, neștiința și ignoranța care îi stau la bază. În fața a ceea ce e neplăcut, dificil și primejdios, șovăim de cele mai multe ori și pe cât posibil nu ne îndreptăm într-acolo. Consider că aceste motive sunt suficiente.

We shall not be digressing if we take this opportunity to try to grasp the psychological meaning of this rupture of the natural course of instinct, which is what the Christian process of sacrifice appears to be. From what has been said it follows that conversion signifies at the same time a transition to another attitude. This also makes it clear from what source the impelling motive for conversion comes, and how far Tertullian was right in conceiving the soul as naturaliter Christiana.

By excluding sensuousness from the concept and scope of the “person” Schiller is able to assert that the “person, being an absolute and indivisible unity, can never be at variance with itself.”54 This unity is a desideratum of the intellect, which would like to preserve the subject in its most ideal integrity; hence as the superior function it must exclude the ostensibly inferior function of sensuousness. The result is that very mutilation of human nature which is the motive and starting-point of Schiller’s quest.

Schiller concerns himself at the very outset with the question of the cause and origin of the separation of the two functions. With sure instinct he hits on the differentiation of the individual as the basic motive. “It was culture itself that inflicted this wound upon modern humanity.”2 This one sentence shows Schiller’s wide grasp of the problem. The breakdown of the harmonious cooperation of psychic forces in instinctive life is like an ever open and never healing wound, a veritable Amfortas’ wound, because the differentiation of one function among several inevitably leads to the hypertrophy of the one and the neglect and atrophy of the others:

The final factors at work in us are nothing other than those talents which “a certain nobleman” entrusted to his “servants,” that they might trade with them (Luke 19 : 12ff.). It does not require much imagination to see what this involvement in the ways of the world means in the moral sense. Only an infantile person can pretend that evil is not at work everywhere, and the more unconscious he is, the more the devil drives him. It is just because of this inner connection with the black side of things that it is so incredibly easy for the mass man to commit the most appalling crimes without thinking. Only ruthless self-knowledge on the widest scale, which sees good and evil in correct perspective and can weigh up the motives of human action, offers some guarantee that the end-result will not turn out too badly. [256]

Accordingly, we imagine ourselves to be innocuous, reasonable, and humane. We do not think of distrusting our motives or of asking ourselves how the inner man feels about the things we do in the outside world. But actually it is frivolous, superficial, and unreasonable of us, as well as psychically unhygienic, to overlook the reaction and standpoint of the unconscious. One can regard one’s stomach or heart as unimportant and worthy of contempt, but that does not prevent overeating or overexertion from having consequences that affect the whole man. Yet we think that psychic mistakes and their consequences can be got rid of with mere words, for ‘psychic’ means less than air to most people. All the same, nobody can deny that without the psyche there would be no world at all, and still less a human world. Virtually everything depends on the human psyche and its functions. It should be worthy of all the attention we can give it, especially today, when everyone admits that the weal or woe of the future will be decided neither by the threat of wild animals, nor by natural catastrophes, nor by the danger of world-wide epidemics, but simply and solely by the psychic changes in man. It needs only an almost imperceptible disturbance of equilibrium in a few of our rulers’ heads to plunge the world into blood, fire, and radioactivity. The technical means necessary for this are present on both sides. And certain conscious deliberations, uncontrolled by any inner opponent, can be put into effect all too easily, as we have seen already from the example of one 'Leader.’ The consciousness of modern man still clings so much to external objects that he makes them exclusively responsible, as if it were on them that the decision depended

Procesul conştiinţei nu este doar permanent însoţit, ci este adesea şi călăuzit, sprijinit şi întrerupt de procese inconştiente. Viaţă sufletească exista în copil încă înainte ca el să aibă conştiinţă. Chiar şi adultul mai spune şi face lucruri a căror semnificaţie poate că o află abia mai târziu - dacă chiar o va şti vreodată. Şi totuşi el le-a spus şi le-a făcut de parcă ar fi ştiut ce înseamnă. Visele noastre spun mereu lucruri care depăşesc înţelegerea noastră conştientă (motiv pentru care le putem folosi atât de eficient în terapia nevrozelor). Noi avem intuiţii şi percepţii din surse necunoscute. Suntem cuprinşi de angoase, capricii, intenţii, speranţe fără o cauzalitate vizibilă. Aceste experienţe concrete stau la baza acelui sentiment că ne cunoaştem insuficient pe noi înşine şi a acelei presupuneri penibile că s-ar putea să ne pregătim singuri surprize.

The gods were everywhere, and they mingled in all the events of daily life. The fire that cooked the food and warmed the bodies of the faithful, the water that allayed their thirst and cleansed them, the very air they breathed, and the light that shone for them, all were objects of their adoration. Perhaps no other religion has ever offered to its votaries, in so high a degree as Mithraism, opportunities for prayer and motives for veneration. When the initiate betook himself in the evening to the sacred grotto concealed in the solitude of the forest, at every step new sensations awakened in his heart some mystical emotion. The stars that shone in the sky, the wind that whispered in the foliage, the spring or brook that hastened murmuring to the valley, even the earth which he trod under his feet, were in his eyes divine, and all surrounding nature evoked in him a worshipful fear of the infinite forces that swayed the universe.

The further we delve into the origins of a "collective image" (or, to express it in ecclesiastical language, of a dogma), the more we uncover a seemingly unending web of archetypal patterns that, before modern times, were never the object of conscious reflection. Thus, paradoxically enough, we know more about mythological symbolism then did any generation before us. The fact is that in former times men did not reflect upon their symbols; they lived them and were unconsciously animated by their meaning... Goethe's Faust aptly says: "Im Anfang war die Tat [In the beginning was the deed]." "Deeds" were never invented, they were done; thoughts, on the other hand, are a relatively late discovery of man. First he was moved to deeds by unconscious factors; it was only a long time afterward that he began to reflect upon the causes that had moved him; and it took him a very long time indeed to arrive at the Preposterous idea that he must have moved himself-- his mind being unable to identify any other motivating force than his own.

Unfortunately, the facts show the exact opposite: consciousness succumbs all too easily to unconscious influences, and these are often truer and wiser than our conscious thinking. Also, it frequently happens that unconscious motives overrule our conscious decisions, especially in matters of vital importance. Indeed, the fate of the individual is largely dependent on unconscious factors. Careful investigation shows how very much our conscious decisions depend on the undisturbed functioning of memory. But memory often suffers from the disturbing interference of unconscious contents. Moreover, it functions as a rule automatically. Ordinarily it uses the bridges of association, but often in such an extraordinary way that another thorough investigation of the whole process of memory-reproduction is needed in order to find out how certain memories managed to reach consciousness at all. And sometimes these bridges cannot be found. In such cases it is impossible to dismiss the hypothesis of the spontaneous activity of the unconscious. Another example is intuition, which is chiefly dependent on unconscious processes of a very complex nature. Because of this peculiarity, I have defined intuition as “perception via the unconscious.” [505]

Thus the Mother of Death joins the Mother of Life in lamenting the dying god, and, as an outward token of their union, Mary kisses the cross and is reconciled.155 In ancient Egypt this union of opposite tendencies was naively preserved in the Isis mother-imago. The separation of the son from the mother signifies man’s leavetaking from animal unconsciousness. It was only the power of the “incest prohibition”156 that created the self-conscious individual, who before had been mindlessly one with the tribe; and it was only then that the idea of the final death of the individual became possible. Thus through Adam’s sin, which lay precisely in his becoming conscious, death came into the world. The neurotic who cannot leave his mother has good reasons for not doing so: ultimately, it is the fear of death that holds him there. It seems as if no idea and no word were powerful enough to express the meaning of this conflict. Certainly the struggle for expression which has continued through the centuries cannot be motivated by what is narrowly and crudely conceived as “incest.” We ought rather to conceive the law that expresses itself first and last in the “incest prohibition” as the impulse to domestication, and regard the religious systems as institutions which take up the instinctual forces of man’s animal nature, organize them, and gradually make them available for higher cultural purposes.

It is not possible to discuss the problem of symbol-formation without reference to the instinctual processes, because it is from them that the symbol derives its motive power. It has no meaning whatever unless it strives against the resistance of instinct, just as undisciplined instincts would bring nothing but ruin to man if the symbol did not give them form. Hence a discussion of one of the strongest instincts, sexuality, is unavoidable, since perhaps the majority of symbols are more or less close analogies of this instinct. To interpret symbol-formation in terms of instinctual processes is a legitimate scientific attitude, which does not, however, claim to be the only possible one. I readily admit that the creation of symbols could also be explained from the spiritual side, but in order to do so, one would need the hypothesis that the “spirit” is an autonomous reality which commands a specific energy powerful enough to bend the instincts round and constrain them into spiritual forms. This hypothesis has its disadvantages for the scientific mind, even though, in the end, we still know so little about the nature of the psyche that we can think of no decisive reason against such an assumption. In accordance with my empirical attitude I nevertheless prefer to describe and explain symbol-formation as a natural process, though I am fully conscious of the probable one-sidedness of this point of view.

Diagnozele clinice sunt importante, întrucât oferă o oarecare orientare, dar ele nu-l ajută cu nimic pe pacient. Punctul decisiv este problema “poveștii” pacientului; căci ea dezvăluie fundalul uman și suferința umană și numai atunci poate începe terapia medicului. Am văzut asta clar și într-un alt caz. Era vorba despre o pacientă bătrână de la secția de femei, în vârstă de șaptezeci și cinci de ani. Venise la spital cu aproape cincizeci de ani în urmă, dar nimeni nu-și mai amintea de momentul internării ei; toți muriseră între timp. Doar o soră-șefă, care lucra în această instituție de treizeci și cinci de ani, mai știa câte ceva din povestea ei. Bătrâna nu mai putea vorbi și nu putea consuma decât hrană lichidă sau semilichidă. Își ducea hrana la gură numai cu ajutorul degetelor. Uneori îi lua aproape două ore pentru o cană de lapte. Dacă nu era ocupată cu mâncarea, făcea niște mișcări ciudate, ritmice, cu mâinile și brațele, cărora nu le înțelegeam natura și sensul. Eram profund impresionat de gradul distrugerii pe care-l poate produce o boală mintală, dar nu găseam nici o explicație. În conferințele clinice era prezentată ca o formă catatonică de demență precoce, ceea ce nu-mi spunea nimic, căci nu mă lămurea absolut deloc în legătură cu semnificația și originea mișcărilor ei ciudate. Impresia lăsată de acest caz asupra mea caracterizează reacția mea la psihiatria de atunci. Când am ajuns medic, am avut senzația că nu pricepeam nimic din ceea ce pretindea psihiatria că este. Mă simțeam extrem de jenat față de șeful meu și de colegii care afișau atâta siguranță, în timp ce eu orbecăiam nedumerit prin întuneric. Consideram că misiunea principală a psihiatriei este cunoașterea lucrurilor care se petrec în interiorul spiritului bolnav, iar despre aceasta nu știam încă nimic. Eram antrenat deci într-o meserie în care nu mă orientam deloc! Într-o seară, târziu, m-am dus prin secție, am văzut-o pe bătrâna cu mișcările ei enigmatice și m-am întrebat din nou: de ce o fi așa? Care o fi explicația? M-am dus la bătrâna noastră soră-șefă și m-am interesat dacă pacienta fusese dintotdeauna astfel. – Da, mi-a răspuns, dar sora dinaintea mea îmi povestea că pe vremuri bolnava confecționa pantofi. Apoi i-am studiat încă o dată vechea poveste; scria despre ea că ar fi avut niște gesturi de parcă ar fi făcut cizmărie. Odinioară, cizmarii țineau pantofii între genunchi și trăgeau firele prin piele cu niște mișcări foarte asemănătoare. (La cizmarii de la sate se mai poate vedea și astăzi.) Pacienta a murit curând și fratele ei mai mare a venit pentru înmormântare. – De ce s-a îmbolnăvit sora dumneavoastră? l-am întrebat. Mi-a povestit că sora lui iubise un cizmar, care însă nu voise să se însoare cu ea dintr-un oarecare motiv și atunci ea “o luase razna”. Mișcările de cizmar arătau identificarea ei cu omul iubit, care a durat până la moarte.

Acest fapt particular permite să tragem concluzii referitoare la "localizarea" animusului şi animei în cadrul structurii psihice: ele trăiesc şi funcţionează în mod evident în straturile mai adânci ale inconştientului, mai cu seamă în acel strat filogenetic profund pe care l-am numit inconştientul colectiv. Această localizare explică mult din stranietatea lor: ele aduc o viaţă psihică necunoscută, ce ţine de un trecut îndepărtat, în conştiinţa efemeră. Este spiritul strămoşilor noştri necunoscuţi, felul lor de a gândi şi a simţi, felul lor de a trăi experienţa vieţii şi lumii, a zeilor şi oamenilor. Realitatea acestor straturi arhaice este probabil rădăcina credinţei în reîncarnare şi în amintirile unor "existenţe anterioare". Aşa cum corpul omenesc constituie un fel de muzeu al istoriei sale filogenetice, tot aşa şi psihicul. N-avem niciun motiv să presupunem că structura specială a psihicului este singurul lucru de pe lume care nu are o istorie dincolo de manifestările sale individuale. Nici conştiinţei noastre nu i se poate nega o istorie care cuprinde vreo cinci mii de ani. Numai conştiinţa Eului are tot mereu un început nou şi un sfârşit timpuriu. Dar psihicul incoştient nu este doar infinit de vechi, ci are şi posibilitatea să crească într-un viitor la fel de îndepărtat. El formează species humana şi este o parte componentă a ei, la fel ca şi corpul care, deşi ca individ este efemer, din punct de vedere colectiv este de o vârstă incomensurabilă.

We have learned in the course of this investigation that the libido which builds up religious structures regresses in the last analysis to the mother, and thus represents the real bond through which we are connected with our origins. When the Church Fathers derive the word religio from religare (to reconnect, link back), they could at least have appealed to this psychological fact in support of their view.71 As we have seen, this regressive libido conceals itself in countless symbols of the most heterogeneous nature, some masculine and some feminine—differences of sex are at bottom secondary and not nearly so important psychologically as would appear at first sight. The essence and motive force of the sacrificial drama consist in an unconscious transformation of energy, of which the ego becomes aware in much the same way as sailors are made aware of a volcanic upheaval under the sea. Of course, when we consider the beauty and sublimity of the whole conception of sacrifice and its solemn ritual, it must be admitted that a psychological formulation has a shockingly sobering effect. The dramatic concreteness of the sacrificial act is reduced to a barren abstraction, and the flourishing life of the figures is flattened into two-dimensionality. Scientific understanding is bound, unfortunately, to have regrettable effects—on one side; on the other side abstraction makes for a deepened understanding of the phenomena in question. Thus we come to realize that the figures in the mythical drama possess qualities that are interchangeable, because they do not have the same “existential” meaning as the concrete figures of the physical world. The latter suffer tragedy, perhaps, in the real sense, whereas the others merely enact it against the subjective backcloth of introspective consciousness. The boldest speculations of the human mind concerning the nature of the phenomenal world, namely that the wheeling stars and the whole course of human history are but the phantasmagoria of a divine dream, become, when applied to the inner drama, a scientific probability. The essential thing in the mythical drama is not the concreteness of the figures, nor is it important what sort of an animal is sacrificed or what sort of god it represents; what alone is important is that an act of sacrifice takes place, that a process of transformation is going on in the unconscious whose dynamism, whose contents and whose subject are themselves unknown but become visible indirectly to the conscious mind by stimulating the imaginative material at its disposal, clothing themselves in it like the dancers who clothe themselves in the skins of animals or the priests in the skins of their human victims.

St. John would say that the natural working of the faculties is not adequate to attain to union with God, and the beginner is drawn to spiritual exercises as much by the satisfaction as by any purely spiritual motives. For the psychologist, even while he is refraining from making any judgment about the religious object, is often painfully aware that if interior experiences are viewed as if they had nothing to do with the overall dynamics of the psyche, then their recipient runs the risk of damaging his psychic balance. If temptations must be seen only as the direct working of the devil and inspirations and revelations the direct working of the Holy Spirit, then the totality of the psyche and the flow of its energy will be misunderstood. The biggest danger to the beginner experiencing sensible fervor, or any other tangible phenomenon, is that they will equate their experience purely and simply with union with God. The very combination of genuine spiritual gifts and how these graces work through the psyche creates a sense of conviction that this, indeed, is the work of God, but this conviction is often extended to deny the human dimension as if any participation by the psyche is a denial of divine origin. The beginner, then, can become impervious to psychological and spiritual advice. The sense of consolation, the feeling of completion, the visions seen, or the voices heard, the tongue spoken, or the healings witnessed, are all identified with the exclusive direct action of God as if there were no psyche that received and conditioned these inspirations. This same attitude is then carried over into daily life and how God's action is viewed in this world. If God is so immediately present, miracles must be taking place daily. God must be intervening day-by-day, even in the minor mundane affairs of the recipients of His Spirit. This does not mean that genuine miracles do not take place, nor that genuine inspirations do not play a role in daily life, but rather, if we believe that they are conceptually distinguishable from the ordinary working of consciousness, we run the risk of identifying God's action with our own perceptions, feelings and emotions. The initial conversion state, precisely because of the degree of emotional energy it is charged with, is often clung to as if the intensity of this energy is a guarantee of its spiritual character. As beginners under the vital force of these tangible experiences we take up an attitude of inner expectancy. We look to a realm beyond the arena of the ego and assume that what transpires there is supernatural. We reach and grasp for interior messages. Thus arises a real danger of misinterpreting what we perceive. What Jung says about the inability to discern between God and the unconscious at the level of empirical experience is verified here. We run the risk of confusing the spiritual with the psychic, our own perceptions with God Himself. An even greater danger is that we will erect this kind of knowledge into a whole theology of the spiritual life, and thus judge our progress by the presence of these phenomena. “The same problem can arise in a completely different context, which could be called a pseudo-Jungian Christianity. In it the realities of the psyche which Jung described are identified with the Christian faith. Thus, at one stroke a vivid sense of experience, even mysticism, if you will, arises. The numinous experience of the unconscious becomes equivalent to the workings of the Holy Spirit. Dreams and the psychological events that take place during the process of individuation are taken for the stages of the life of prayer and the ascent of the soul to God by faith. But this mysticism is no more to be identified with St. John's than the previous one of visions and revelations.

widespread knowledge of the unconscious and its ways, no one could be deceived by a statesman who was unaware of his own bad motives; the very newspapers would pull him up: “Please have yourself analysed; you are suffering from a repressed father-complex.” I have purposely chosen this grotesque