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The first layer of your attention, [James Williams] said, is your spotlight. This is when you focus on 'immediate actions,' like, ...You want to finish reading this chapter of my book? It's called spotlight because ...it involves narrowing down your focus. If your spotlight gets distracted or disrupted, you are prevented from carrying out near-term actions like this.
The second layer of your attention is your starlight. This is, he says, the focus you can apply to your 'longer-term goals - projects over time.' You want to write a book. You want to set up a business. ...It's called the starlight because when you feel lost, you look up too the stars, and you remember the direction you are travelling in. If you become distracted from your starlight, he said, you 'lose sight of the longer-term goals.' You start to forget where you are headed.
The third layer of your attention is your daylight. This is the form of focus that makes it possible for you to know what your longer-term goals are in the first place. How do you know you want to write a book? ...Without being able to think clearly, you won't be able to figure these things out. He gave it this name because it's only when a scene is flooded with daylight that you can see the things around you most clearly. If you get so distracted that you lose you sense of the daylight, James says, 'In many ways you may not even be able to figure out who you are, what you wanted to do, [or] where you want to go.'
He believes that losing your daylight is 'the deepest form of distraction,' and you may even begin 'decohering.' This is when you stop making sense to yourself, because you don't have the mental space to create a story about who you are. You become obsessed with petty goals, or dependent on simplistic signals from the outside world like retweets. You lose yourself in a cascade of distractions. You can only find your starlight and your daylight if you have sustained periods of reflection, mind-wandering and deep thought. James has come to believe that our attention crisis is depriving us of all three of these forms of focus. We are losing our light.
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Johann Hari (Stolen Focus: Why You Can't Pay Attention— and How to Think Deeply Again)