W Billings Quotes

Was I in here last night and did I spend a $20 bill? Oh, thank goodness... I thought I'd lost it.

For the wise have always known that no one can make much of his life until self-searching has become a regular habit, until he is able to admit and accept what he finds, and until he patiently and persistently tries to correct what is wrong. – Bill W.

[W]e’ve learned that grief can sometimes get loud, and when it does, we try not to speak over it.

You need not see what someone is doing to know if it is his vocation, you have only to watch his eyes: a cook mixing a sauce, as surgeon making a primary incision, a clerk completing a bill of lading, wear that same rapt expression, forgetting themselves in a function. How beautiful it is, that eye-on-the-object look.

The bill Congress sent me would take away one of the most valuable tools in the war on terror...so today I vetoed it

NEW RULE: 'Kidiots' Leave the children behind. At least until they learn something. A new study has shown that half of American high schools agree that newspapers should only be able to publish government-approved material. Almost one out of five said people should not be allowed to voice unpopular opinions..This is the first generation after September 11th, who discovered news during a 'watch what you say' administration...George W. Bush once asked, 'is our children learning.' No, they isn't. A better question would be, 'is our teacher's teaching?

I try hard to hold fast to the truth that a full and thankful heart cannot entertain great conceits. When brimming with gratitude, one’s heartbeat must surely result in outgoing love, the finest emotion we can ever know.

i heard someone tried the monkeys-on-typewriters bit trying for the plays of W. Shakespeare, but all they got was the collected works of Francis Bacon.

While I am alive, I intend to live. (Everett Ruess to his friend Bill, Mar 9, 1931, p 31)

Let us always love the best in others—and never fear their worst.

My take on socialism is this: Socialism only seems to work when you don't fully implement it, when you keep enough capitalism around to pay socialism's bills, at least for a time. It's the difference between milking the cow and killing it. Socialism has no theory of wealth creation; it's just a destructive, envy-driven fantasy about redistributing it after something else (and somebody else) creates it first.

Nine had heard whisperings that the secretive Bilderberg Group was effectively the World Government, undermining democracy by influencing everything from nations' political leaders to the venue for the next war. He recalled persistent rumors and confirmed media reports that the Bilderberg Group had such luminaries as Barack Obama, Prince Charles, Bill Gates, Rupert Murdoch, Tony Blair, Bill and Hillary Clinton, George Bush Sr. and George W. Bush. Other Bilderberg members sprung forth from Nine’s memory bank. They included the founders and CEOs of various multinational corporations like Facebook, BP, Google, Shell and Amazon, as well as almost every major financial institution on the planet.

New Rule: Conspiracy theorists who are claiming that we didn't really kill Bin Laden must be reminded that they didn't think he did the crime in the first place. Come on, nutjobs, keep your bullshit straight: The towers were brought down in a controlled demolition by George W. Bush to distract attention from Hawaii, where CIA operatives were planting phony birth records so that a Kenyan named Barack Obama could someday rise to power and pretend to take out the guy we pretended took out the Towers. And I know that's true because I just got it in an e-mail from Trump.

Acceptance is the answer to all my problemskey to all my problems today.When I am distrubed, it is because I find some person, place, thing or situation - some facet of my life unacceptable to, and I can find no serenity until I accept that person, place, thing or situation as being exactly the way it is supposed to be at this moment.

while I am alive, I intend to live" -- Everett Ruess to his friend Bill, Mar 9, 1931 (Everett Ruess: A Vagabond for Beauty, 31)

The deception of others is almost always rooted in the deception of ourselves.

George Bush made a mistake when he referred to the Saddam Hussein regime as 'evil.' Every liberal and leftist knows how to titter at such black-and-white moral absolutism. What the president should have done, in the unlikely event that he wanted the support of America's peace-mongers, was to describe a confrontation with Saddam as the 'lesser evil.' This is a term the Left can appreciate. Indeed, 'lesser evil' is part of the essential tactical rhetoric of today's Left, and has been deployed to excuse or overlook the sins of liberal Democrats, from President Clinton's bombing of Sudan to Madeleine Albright's veto of an international rescue for Rwanda when she was U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. Among those longing for nuance, moral relativism—the willingness to use the term evil, when combined with a willingness to make accommodations with it—is the smart thing: so much more sophisticated than 'cowboy' language.

When the Duke [W.J.C. Scott-Bentinck] died, his heirs found all of the aboveground rooms devoid of furnishings except for one chamber in the middle of which sat the Duke's commode. The main hall was mysteriously floor less. Most of the rooms were painted pink. The one upstairs room in which the Duke had resided was packed to the ceiling with hundreds of green boxes, each of which contained a single dark brown wig. This was, in short, a man worth getting to know.

IN THE MID-1950S, Bill Wilson, the cofounder of Alcoholics Anonymous, learned about Osmond and Hoffer’s work with alcoholics. The idea that a drug could occasion a life-changing spiritual experience was not exactly news to Bill W., as he was known in the fellowship. He credited his own sobriety to a mystical experience he had on belladonna, a plant-derived alkaloid with hallucinogenic properties that was administered to him at Towns Hospital in Manhattan in 1934. Few members of AA realize that the whole idea of a spiritual awakening leading one to surrender to a “higher power”—a cornerstone of Alcoholics Anonymous—can be traced to a psychedelic drug trip.

Nothing can be more demoralizing than a clinging and abject dependance upon another human being. This often amounts to the demand for a degree of protection and love that no one could possibly satisfy. So our hoped-for protectors finally flee, and once more we are left alone - either to grow up or to disintegrate.

Anglo-Saxon barbarians. Arthur should have been made a Knight

We all have the beast in us Bill, and it is up to us to control it.

The President is also captured in a well-worn TV news clip, making a boilerplate response to a question on terrorism and then asking the reporters to watch his drive. Well, that's what you get if you catch the President on a golf course. If Eisenhower had done this, as he often did, it would have been presented as calm statesmanship. If Clinton had done it, as he often did, it would have shown his charm.

Almost all of our relationships begin and most of them continue as forms of mutual exploitation, a mental or physical barter, to be terminated when one or both partners run out of goods. But if the seed of a genuine disinterested love, which is often present, is ever to develop, it is essential that we pretend to ourselves and to others that it is stronger and more developed than it is, that we are less selfish than we are. Hence the social havoc wrought by the paranoid to whom the thought of indifference is so intolerable that he divides others into two classes, those who love him for himself alone and those who hate him for the same reason. Do a paranoid a favor, like paying his hotel bill in a foreign city when his monthly check has not yet arrived, and he will take this as an expression of personal affection – the thought that you might have done it from a general sense of duty towards a fellow countryman in distress will never occur to him. So back he comes for more until your patience is exhausted, there is a row, and he departs convinced that you are his personal enemy. In this he is right to the extent that it is difficult not to hate a person who reveals to you so clearly how little you love others.

Don’t listen to what they say. Go see. — Chinese proverb

Bill’s voice floated up: “Y-You c-c-can stay up th-there if you w-want, Ruh-Ruh-Richie. St-Stand g-g-guard.

Step One is about recognizing our brokenness.

It would be better not to know so many things than to know so many things that are not so. -Josh Billings

Even if you are financially independent and never have to concern yourself with money, it is still best to wait to shower your woman with jewelry or pay her bills until after you have had sex with her so you have formed a sexual relationship already.

The question, then, is not about changing people; it's about reaching people. I'm not speaking simply of better information, a sharper and clearer factual presentation to disperse the thick fogs generated by today's spin machines. Of course, we always need stronger empirical arguments to back up our case. It would certainly help if at least as many people who believe, say, in a "literal devil" or that God sent George W. Bush to the White House also knew that the top 1 percent of households now have more wealth than the bottom 90 percent combined. Yes, people need more information than they get from the media conglomerates with their obsession for nonsense, violence and pap. And we need, as we keep hearing, "new ideas." But we are at an extraordinary moment. The conservative movement stands intellectually and morally bankrupt while Democrats talk about a "new direction" without convincing us they know the difference between a weather vane and a compass. The right story will set our course for a generation to come.

Bill Clinton also benefited from a friendly press corps. With their baby boomer background, more liberal views, and Ivy League lawyer credentials, the Clintons fit the mold of many of the baby boomer reporters. In time, of course, the press would turn on Clinton. In the 1992 campaign, however, it seemed to me that some news outlets allowed their zeal for change to undermine their high standards of journalistic objectivity. (The pattern would later repeat with another exciting candidate promising change, Barack Obama.)

Show business imposes its own strict temporality: no matter how many CDs or DVDs we own, it would still have been better to have been there, to have seen the living performers in the richness of their being and to have participated, however briefly, in the glory of their performance.

During the Senate debate on the intervention in Iraq, Sen. Clinton made considerable use of her background and 'experience' to argue that, yes, Saddam Hussein was indeed a threat. She did not argue so much from the position adopted by the Bush administration as she emphasized the stand taken, by both her husband and Al Gore, when they were in office, to the effect that another and final confrontation with the Baathist regime was more or less inevitable. Now, it does not especially matter whether you agree or agreed with her about this (as I, for once, do and did). What does matter is that she has since altered her position and attempted, with her husband’s help, to make people forget that she ever held it. And this, on a grave matter of national honor and security, merely to influence her short-term standing in the Iowa caucuses. Surely that on its own should be sufficient to disqualify her from consideration?

Inside was a stack of bills and an index card that just said ‘ I’m not dealing with this again. Buy some fucking clothes. -W

Give a person a job you help them pay some bills, teach them how to find a career and you provide them with sustenance for life!

It is still a fairly astounding notion to consider that atoms are mostly empty space, and that the solidity we experience all around us is an illusion. When two objects come together in the real world – billiard balls are most often used for illustration – they don’t actually strike each other. ‘Rather,’ as Timothy Ferris explains, ‘the negatively charged fields of the two balls repel each other … [W]ere it not for their electrical charges they could, like galaxies, pass right through each other unscathed26.’ When you sit in a chair, you are not actually sitting there, but levitating above it at a height of one angstrom (a hundred millionth of a centimetre), your electrons and its electrons implacably opposed to any closer intimacy.

New Rule: America must stop bragging it's the greatest country on earth, and start acting like it. I know this is uncomfortable for the "faith over facts" crowd, but the greatness of a country can, to a large degree, be measured. Here are some numbers. Infant mortality rate: America ranks forty-eighth in the world. Overall health: seventy-second. Freedom of the press: forty-fourth. Literacy: fifty-fifth. Do you realize there are twelve-year old kids in this country who can't spell the name of the teacher they're having sex with? America has done many great things. Making the New World democratic. The Marshall Plan. Curing polio. Beating Hitler. The deep-fried Twinkie. But what have we done for us lately? We're not the freest country. That would be Holland, where you can smoke hash in church and Janet Jackson's nipple is on their flag. And sadly, we're no longer a country that can get things done. Not big things. Like building a tunnel under Boston, or running a war with competence. We had six years to fix the voting machines; couldn't get that done. The FBI is just now getting e-mail. Prop 87 out here in California is about lessening our dependence on oil by using alternative fuels, and Bill Clinton comes on at the end of the ad and says, "If Brazil can do it, America can, too!" Since when did America have to buck itself up by saying we could catch up to Brazil? We invented the airplane and the lightbulb, they invented the bikini wax, and now they're ahead? In most of the industrialized world, nearly everyone has health care and hardly anyone doubts evolution--and yes, having to live amid so many superstitious dimwits is also something that affects quality of life. It's why America isn't gonna be the country that gets the inevitable patents in stem cell cures, because Jesus thinks it's too close to cloning. Oh, and did I mention we owe China a trillion dollars? We owe everybody money. America is a debtor nation to Mexico. We're not a bridge to the twenty-first century, we're on a bus to Atlantic City with a roll of quarters. And this is why it bugs me that so many people talk like it's 1955 and we're still number one in everything. We're not, and I take no glee in saying that, because I love my country, and I wish we were, but when you're number fifty-five in this category, and ninety-two in that one, you look a little silly waving the big foam "number one" finger. As long as we believe being "the greatest country in the world" is a birthright, we'll keep coasting on the achievements of earlier generations, and we'll keep losing the moral high ground. Because we may not be the biggest, or the healthiest, or the best educated, but we always did have one thing no other place did: We knew soccer was bullshit. And also we had the Bill of Rights. A great nation doesn't torture people or make them disappear without a trial. Bush keeps saying the terrorist "hate us for our freedom,"" and he's working damn hard to see that pretty soon that won't be a problem.

So we need to constantly scrutinize ourselves carefully, in order to make everlastingly certain that we shall always be strong enough and single-purposed enough from within, to relate ourselves rightly to the world without.

as nucleosynthesis. In 1957, working with others, Hoyle showed how the heavier elements were formed in supernova explosions. For this work, W. A. Fowler, one of his collaborators, received a Nobel Prize. Hoyle, shamefully, did not.

It ain’t so much the things we don’t know that get us into trouble. It’s the things we know that just ain’t so. —Probably said first by Henry Wheeler Shaw (pen name Josh Billings), but also attributed to Artemus Ward and to Mark Twain

When the Holy Father passed away in 2005, Laura, Dad, Bill Clinton, and I flew together to his funeral in Rome. It was the first time an American president had attended the funeral of a pope, let alone brought two of his predecessors.

New Rule: Now that liberals have taken back the word "liberal," they also have to take back the word "elite." By now you've heard the constant right-wing attacks on the "elite media," and the "liberal elite." Who may or may not be part of the "Washington elite." A subset of the "East Coast elite." Which is overly influenced by the "Hollywood elite." So basically, unless you're a shit-kicker from Kansas, you're with the terrorists. If you played a drinking game where you did a shot every time Rush Limbaugh attacked someone for being "elite," you'd be almost as wasted as Rush Limbaugh. I don't get it: In other fields--outside of government--elite is a good thing, like an elite fighting force. Tiger Woods is an elite golfer. If I need brain surgery, I'd like an elite doctor. But in politics, elite is bad--the elite aren't down-to-earth and accessible like you and me and President Shit-for-Brains. Which is fine, except that whenever there's a Bush administration scandal, it always traces back to some incompetent political hack appointment, and you think to yourself, "Where are they getting these screwups from?" Well, now we know: from Pat Robertson. I'm not kidding. Take Monica Goodling, who before she resigned last week because she's smack in the middle of the U.S. attorneys scandal, was the third-ranking official in the Justice Department of the United States. She's thirty-three, and though she never even worked as a prosecutor, was tasked with overseeing the job performance of all ninety-three U.S. attorneys. How do you get to the top that fast? Harvard? Princeton? No, Goodling did her undergraduate work at Messiah College--you know, home of the "Fighting Christies"--and then went on to attend Pat Robertson's law school. Yes, Pat Robertson, the man who said the presence of gay people at Disney World would cause "earthquakes, tornadoes, and possibly a meteor," has a law school. And what kid wouldn't want to attend? It's three years, and you have to read only one book. U.S. News & World Report, which does the definitive ranking of colleges, lists Regent as a tier-four school, which is the lowest score it gives. It's not a hard school to get into. You have to renounce Satan and draw a pirate on a matchbook. This is for the people who couldn't get into the University of Phoenix. Now, would you care to guess how many graduates of this televangelist diploma mill work in the Bush administration? On hundred fifty. And you wonder why things are so messed up? We're talking about a top Justice Department official who went to a college founded by a TV host. Would you send your daughter to Maury Povich U? And if you did, would you expect her to get a job at the White House? In two hundred years, we've gone from "we the people" to "up with people." From the best and brightest to dumb and dumber. And where better to find people dumb enough to believe in George Bush than Pat Robertson's law school? The problem here in America isn't that the country is being run by elites. It's that it's being run by a bunch of hayseeds. And by the way, the lawyer Monica Goodling hired to keep her ass out of jail went to a real law school.

New Rule: You don't have to teach both sides of a debate if one side is a load of crap. President Bush recently suggested that public schools should teach "intelligent design" alongside the theory of evolution, because after all, evolution is "just a theory." Then the president renewed his vow to "drive the terrorists straight over the edge of the earth." Here's what I don't get: President Bush is a brilliant scientist. He's the man who proved you could mix two parts booze with one part cocaine and still fly a jet fighter. And yet he just can't seem to accept that we descended from apes. It seems pathetic to be so insecure about your biological superiority to a group of feces-flinging, rouge-buttocked monkeys that you have to make up fairy tales like "We came from Adam and Eve," and then cover stories for Adam and Eve, like intelligent design! Yeah, leaving the earth in the hands of two naked teenagers, that's a real intelligent design. I'm sorry, folks, but it may very well be that life is just a series of random events, and that there is no master plan--but enough about Iraq. There aren't necessarily two sides to every issue. If there were, the Republicans would have an opposition party. And an opposition party would point out that even though there's a debate in schools and government about this, there is no debate among scientists. Evolution is supported by the entire scientific community. Intelligent design is supported by the guys on line to see The Dukes of Hazzard. And the reason there is no real debate is that intelligent design isn't real science. It's the equivalent of saying that the Thermos keeps hot things hot and cold things cold because it's a god. It's so willfully ignorant you might as well worship the U.S. mail. "It came again! Praise Jesus!" Stupidity isn't a form of knowing things. Thunder is high-pressure air meeting low-pressure air--it's not God bowling. "Babies come from storks" is not a competing school of throught in medical school. We shouldn't teach both. The media shouldn't equate both. If Thomas Jefferson knew we were blurring the line this much between Church and State, he would turn over in his slave. As for me, I believe in evolution and intelligent design. I think God designed us in his image, but I also think God is a monkey.

The difference between having a job and having a vocation is that a job is some unpleasant work you do in order to make money, with the sole purpose of making money. There are plenty of jobs because there is still a certain amount of dirty work that nobody wants to do, and that therefore they will pay someone to do it. There is essentially less and less of that kind of work because of mechanisation. If you do a job with the sole purpose of making money, you are absurd, because if money becomes the goal–and it does if you work that way–you begin increasingly to confuse it with happiness or with pleasure. Yes, one can take a handful of crisp one dollar bills and practically water your mouth over it, but this is a kind of person who is confused like a Pavlov dog, who salivates on the wrong bell.

People help themselves by trying to help others, and this is the process that helps alcoholics get sober and stay that way. Love and tolerance of others, as stated on page 84 of the text of Alcoholics Anonymous, is the “code” of living that is suggested to AA members.

American socialists and leftists were some of the most ardent devotees of Stalinist and Maoist socialism. They also embraced German national socialism, Italian national socialism, Cuban socialism, North Korean socialism and now Venezuelan socialism. We can see this devotion in contemporary progressives and socialists from Bill de Blasio to Bernie Sanders. We also see it in leading progressives and socialists of the past: Charles Beard, Herbert Croly, Corliss Lamont, W. E. B. Du Bois, Franklin Roosevelt and his New Deal “brain trust.

Congress has never since effectively asserted itself to stop a president with a bead on war. It was true of George Herbert Walker Bush. It was true of Bill Clinton. And by September 11, 2001, even if there had been real resistance to Vice President Cheney and President George W. Bush starting the next war (or two), there were no institutional barriers strong enough to have realistically stopped them. By 9/11, the war-making authority in the United States had become, for all intents and purposes, uncontested and unilateral: one man’s decision to make. It wasn’t supposed to be like this.

my purpose here is to scrutinize the tacit Democratic boast about always being better than those crazy Republicans. In truth, what Bill Clinton accomplished were things that no Republican could have done. Thanks to our two-party system, Democratic politicians carry a brand identity that inhibits them in some ways but allows them remarkable latitude in others. They are forever seen as weaklings in the face of the country’s enemies, for example; but on basic economic questions they are trusted to do the right thing for average people. That a Democrat might be the one to pick apart the safety net is a violation of this basic brand identity, but by the very structure of the system it is extremely difficult to hold the party accountable for such a deed. This, in turn, is why only a Democrat was able to do that job and get away with it. Only a Democrat was capable of getting bank deregulation passed; only a Democrat could have rammed NAFTA through Congress; and only a Democrat would be capable of privatizing Social Security, as George W. Bush found out in 2005. “It’s kind of the Nixon-goes-to-China theory,” the conservative Democrat Charles Stenholm told the historian Steven Gillon on this last subject. “It takes a Democrat to do some of the hard choices in social programs.”19

The accession of not one but three illegal drug users in a row to the US presidency constitutes an existential challenge to the prohibitionist regime. The fact that some of the most successful people of our time, be it in business, finances, politics, entertainment or the arts, are current or former substance users is a fundamental refutation of its premises and a stinging rebuttal of its rationale. A criminal law that is broken at least once by 50% of the adult population and that is broken on a regular basis by 20% of the same adult population is a broken law, a fatally flawed law. How can a democratic government justify a law that is consistently broken by a substantial minority of the population? What we are witnessing here is a massive case of civil disobedience not seen since alcohol prohibition in the 1930 in the US. On what basis can a democratic system justify the stigmatization and discrimination of a strong minority of as much as 20% of its population?

You need not see what someone is doing to know if it is his vocation,   you have only to watch his eyes: a cook mixing a sauce, a surgeon   making a primary incision, a clerk completing a bill of lading,   wear the same rapt expression, forgetting themselves in a function.   How beautiful it is, that eye-on-the-object look.   —W. H. Auden

It is the simplest phrase you can imagine,” Favreau said, “three monosyllabic words that people say to each other every day.” But the speech etched itself in rhetorical lore. It inspired music videos and memes and the full range of reactions that any blockbuster receives online today, from praise to out-of-context humor to arch mockery. Obama’s “Yes, we can” refrain is an example of a rhetorical device known as epistrophe, or the repetition of words at the end of a sentence. It’s one of many famous rhetorical types, most with Greek names, based on some form of repetition. There is anaphora, which is repetition at the beginning of a sentence (Winston Churchill: “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields”). There is tricolon, which is repetition in short triplicate (Abraham Lincoln: “Government of the people, by the people, and for the people”). There is epizeuxis, which is the same word repeated over and over (Nancy Pelosi: “Just remember these four words for what this legislation means: jobs, jobs, jobs, and jobs”). There is diacope, which is the repetition of a word or phrase with a brief interruption (Franklin D. Roosevelt: “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”) or, most simply, an A-B-A structure (Sarah Palin: “Drill baby drill!”). There is antithesis, which is repetition of clause structures to juxtapose contrasting ideas (Charles Dickens: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times”). There is parallelism, which is repetition of sentence structure (the paragraph you just read). Finally, there is the king of all modern speech-making tricks, antimetabole, which is rhetorical inversion: “It’s not the size of the dog in the fight; it’s the size of the fight in the dog.” There are several reasons why antimetabole is so popular. First, it’s just complex enough to disguise the fact that it’s formulaic. Second, it’s useful for highlighting an argument by drawing a clear contrast. Third, it’s quite poppy, in the Swedish songwriting sense, building a hook around two elements—A and B—and inverting them to give listeners immediate gratification and meaning. The classic structure of antimetabole is AB;BA, which is easy to remember since it spells out the name of a certain Swedish band.18 Famous ABBA examples in politics include: “Man is not the creature of circumstances. Circumstances are the creatures of men.” —Benjamin Disraeli “East and West do not mistrust each other because we are armed; we are armed because we mistrust each other.” —Ronald Reagan “The world faces a very different Russia than it did in 1991. Like all countries, Russia also faces a very different world.” —Bill Clinton “Whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done.” —George W. Bush “Human rights are women’s rights and women’s rights are human rights.” —Hillary Clinton In particular, President John F. Kennedy made ABBA famous (and ABBA made John F. Kennedy famous). “Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind,” he said, and “Each increase of tension has produced an increase of arms; each increase of arms has produced an increase of tension,” and most famously, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” Antimetabole is like the C–G–Am–F chord progression in Western pop music: When you learn it somewhere, you hear it everywhere.19 Difficult and even controversial ideas are transformed, through ABBA, into something like musical hooks.

The colleges and other institutions of learning are going too far, in my opinion. I think 50% of those attending educational institutions, having the professions in view, would be better off with a common school education that would enable them to earn a living, rather than sit around in offices and wait for clients. W.A. Clark (MT Senator, 1901-1907)

Listening is the single most important on–the–job skill that a good manager can cultivate. A leader who doesn’t listen well risks missing critical information, losing (or never winning) the confidence of staff and peers and forfeiting the opportunity to be a proactive, hands–on manager. Listening is also how you empower people to grow in their jobs and gain confidence as decision makers.

If you have ever wondered why radio and television stations always have call signs beginning with W or K, the answer is that those letters were assigned to American airwaves by an international convention held in London in 1912. The United States was given the call letters A, N, W, and K. A and N were reserved respectively for the army and navy. The other two were given to public broadcasters.

Many females have noticed that they can take advantage of males who feel inadequate and try to buy their affection. With plenty of males buying them drinks in bars, paying their entrance fee to nightclubs, showering them with gifts, paying their bills, taking them shopping, or even traveling, they gladly accept with no intention of ever “paying” back by spreading their legs in gratitude because sex is not a favor females grant males.

In 1934, Bill W., cofounder of AA [Alcoholics Anonymous], was treated for his alcoholism with a hallucinogenic belladonna alkaloid. The resulting mystical experience led him to become sober and inspired him to write the book and cofound the organization that have changed the lives of so many millions around the world. In the 1950's Bill W underwent LSD therapy, and found his experience so inspiring that the sought to have the drug made part of the AA program.

As a culture, we had no heroes. Certainly not any politician—Barack Obama was then the most admired man in America (and likely still is), but even when the country was enraptured by his rise, most Middletonians viewed him suspiciously. George W. Bush had few fans in 2008. Many loved Bill Clinton, but many more saw him as the symbol of American moral decay, and Ronald Reagan was long dead. We loved the military but had no George S. Patton figure in the modern army. I doubt my neighbors could even name a high-ranking military officer. The space program, long a source of pride, had gone the way of the dodo, and with it the celebrity astronauts. Nothing united us with the core fabric of American society. We felt trapped in two seemingly unwinnable wars, in which a disproportionate share of the fighters came from our neighborhood, and in an economy that failed to deliver the most basic promise of the American Dream—a steady wage.

George W. Bush gave this response to the question of ‘Why do they hate us?’: ‘…They hate our freedoms: our freedom of religion, our freedom of speech, our freedom to vote…’ If these analyses are correct, it would appear that Bin Laden and his gang in Tora Bora had simply stumbled onto a copy of the Bill of Rights and gone berserk….We are not hated for who we are or what we believe; we are hated for what we do. It is not our principles that are despised; it is our policies.

Ruskin never escaped his prudish ways or gave any indication of desiring to. After the death of J. M. W. Turner, in 1851, Ruskin was given the job of going through the works left to the nation by the great artist and found several watercolors of a cheerfully erotic nature. Horrified, Ruskin decided that they could only have been drawn “under a certain condition of insanity,” and for the good of the nation destroyed almost all of them, robbing posterity of several priceless works.

The length of history spanned by father and daughter is hard to comprehend. W. A. Clark was born in 1839, during the administration of the eighth president of the United States, Martin Van Buren. W.A. was twenty-two when the Civil War began. When Huguette was born in 1906, Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-sixth president, was in the White House. Yet 170 years after W.A.’s birth, his youngest child was still alive at age 103 during the time of the forty-fourth president, Barack Obama.

In his final days Bill Bright gave his staff a charge, which ended with these words: “By faith, walk in His light, enjoy His presence, love with His love, and rejoice that you are never alone; He is with you, always to bless!”3 Bill Bright understood that the good life means accepting that our lives ultimately belong to God. He resisted taking sedatives that would have hastened his death. He also talked with Vonette about the importance of yielding to God’s final call. Perhaps as a result of his attitude (and, I have to think, his godliness), his last moments were not the unmitigated horror his doctor had predicted. Right before Bill died, Vonette leaned close and said, “I want you to go to be with Jesus, and Jesus wants you to come to him. Why don’t you let him carry you to heaven?” She looked away, and when she looked back, her husband was no longer breathing. She saw the last pulse in his neck, and with that he was gone. She thought of the psalm “Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints,” and the prayer of St. Francis of Assisi: “For it is in dying, we are born to eternal life.”4 Living the good life means not only living it to the fullest every moment we’re alive but also facing death with equanimity and then dying well. A lot of people have this wrong. They think that you live life to the fullest and enjoy every moment you can, and then when death comes, you simply accept the hard fact. The good time is over. Life is ended. The good life means accepting that our lives ultimately belong to God.

Until COVID, I thought that free speech was a protected fundamental right guaranteed to all citizens of the United States of America by the Bill of Rights. Having been assigned core texts like 1984, Brave New World, Animal Farm, Lord of the Flies, and The Trial and Death of Socrates in fourth and fifth grade as a “gifted and talented” student in the California school system of the time, I believed there was no way anything like what was written in those books could happen here in the USA during the 21st century.

One of W.A.'s descendants described the mixed blessing of inherited wealth: "I think having such wealth can lead some people to have a lack of self-worth because of not having developed a lucrative career of their own or even having investigated their own potential. Having an overabundance of wealth can make people insecure around others who have far less than they do, since the former might wonder if potential partners or even friends are 'only' after them for their money. Well-meaning people of excessive wealth can feel anxious about the lack of perfection of charities they support, and about the fact that even as willing patrons they are powerless to obliterate suffering--all the while knowing that any small amount of money that they might spend on themselves is still enough to change or even save some lives. Wealth can lead to guilt over the unfairness of people working endlessly for them who have never been included fully into the family. In sum, having immense wealth can lead one to feel isolated and to have a false sense of being special.

The United States and NATO took advantage of Russian weakness and, despite promises to the contrary, expanded NATO to Eastern Europe and even to some former Soviet republics. The West went on to ignore Russian interests in the Middle East, invaded Serbia and Iraq on doubtful pretexts, and generally made it very clear to Russia that it can count only on its own military power to protect its sphere of influence from Western incursions. From this perspective, recent Russian military moves can be blamed on Bill Clinton and George W. Bush as much as on Vladimir Putin.

There’s a brutal irony to the fact that many of the features of our built world that are billed as keeping us safe also make us feel unsafe. If one wanted to take a cynical point of view, one might posit that, at times, this is an intended outcome. And that certain individuals or institutions may want us to feel unsafe for their own selfish ends. But why would anybody actively want to make us feel unsafe? The Polyvagal Theory offers a simple explanation: When we feel unsafe, our bodies shut down our ability to critically think or learn in favor of a need for immediate survival.

So who lost Iraq? The blame game mostly fingers incompetent Iraqi prime minister Nouri al-Maliki. Or is Barack Obama culpable for pulling out all American troops monitoring the success of the 2007–08 surge? Some still blame George W. Bush for going into Iraq in 2003 in the first place to remove Saddam Hussein. One can blame almost anyone, but one must not invent facts to support an argument. Do we remember that Bill Clinton signed into law the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 that supported regime change in Iraq? He gave an eloquent speech on the dangers of Saddam Hussein’s weapons of mass destruction.

The House adjourned without voting on the bill, but the following year a similar bill—mandating equality in hotels and restaurants open to the public, in transportation facilities, in theaters and other public amusements and in the selection of juries—passed both chambers. The measure reached the White House about the time the two sides in Louisiana cobbled a compromise that allowed Grant to withdraw Sheridan and most of the federal troops. On March 1, 1875, the president signed the Civil Rights Act, the most ambitious affirmation of racial equality in American history until then (a distinction it would retain until the 1960s).

Bankrupt" One midnight, deep in starlight still, I dreamed that I received this bill: (- - - - IN ACCOUNT WITH LIFE - - - -): Five thousand breathless dawns all new; Five thousand flowers fresh in dew; Five thousand sunsets wrapped in gold; One-million snow-flakes served ice-cold; Five quiet friends; one baby's love; One white-mad sea with clouds above; One hundred music-haunted dreams Of moon-drenched roads and hurrying streams; Of prophesying winds, and trees; Of silent stars and browsing bees; One June night in a fragrant wood; One heart that loved and understood. I wondered when I waked at day, How—how in God's name—I could pay!

As impressive as the conquest of infectious disease in Europe and America was, the ongoing progress among the global poor is even more astonishing. Part of the explanation lies in economic development (chapter 8), because a richer world is a healthier world. Part lies in the expanding circle of sympathy, which inspired global leaders such as Bill Gates, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton to make their legacy the health of the poor in distant continents rather than glittering buildings close to home. George W. Bush, for his part, has been praised by even his harshest critics for his policy on African AIDS relief, which saved millions of lives.

...[W]hen's it all going to f***ing stop? I’m going to jump from rock to rock for the rest of my life until there aren’t any rocks left? I’m going to run each time I get itchy feet? Because I get them about once a quarter, along with the utilities bills. More than that, even… I’ve been thinking with my guts since I was fourteen years old, and frankly speaking, between you and me, I have come to the conclusion that my guts have s*** for brains. I know what's wrong with Laura. What's wrong with Laura is that I'll never see her for the first or second or third time again. I'll never spend two or three days in a sweat trying to remember what she looks like, never again will I get to a pub half an hour early to meet her staring at the same article in a magazine and looking at my watch every thirty seconds, never again will thinking about her set something off in me like "Let's Get it On" sets something off in me. And sure, I love her and like her and have good conversations, nice sex and intense rows with her, and she looks after me and worries about me and arranges the Groucho for me, but what does all that count for, when someone with bare arms, a nice smile, and a pair of Doc Martens comes into the shop and says she wants to interview me? Nothing, that's what, but maybe it should count for a bit more.

It’s not a new plan or even a secret one. It’s not even just a Republican plan. State-funded marriage initiatives have been a policy priority under Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama. And the logic of each of the programs has always been, as Senator Marco Rubio of Florida stated in 2014, that marriage is the “greatest tool to lift women and children out of poverty.” But maybe instead of discouraging divorce and forcing people into marriages for financial security, we should make a more equitable society. There is research evidence that suggests that countries with well-funded social safety nets have less divorce, fewer instances of child abuse, and less crime.

The US Empire received a big boost from the 9/11 attack. Paul O’Neill, George W. Bush’s first secretary of the treasury, reported he was shocked that in the very first National Security Council meeting—ten days after Bush’s January of 2001 inauguration—the discussion was about when, not if, the US should invade Iraq. We also know that the PATRIOT Act was written a long time before 9/11, when the conditions were not ripe for its passage. Nine-eleven took care of that. The bill quickly passed in the US House and Senate with minimal debate and understanding. Bush signed the bill into law on October 26, 2001, a mere 45 days after the attack. Making use of a crisis is established policy.

Over a span of twenty years, Shakespeare churned out an impressively whopping thirty-eight plays, 154 love sonnets, and two epic narrative poems. While most people associate him with his plays, it was his sonnets that likely earned him admiration among his contemporaries. Yes, that’s right: In his lifetime, Shakespeare garnered more acclaim for his sonnets than he did for his plays. In England during the 1590s, writing plays was considered a bit hackish—a way to pay the bills—and not an intellectual pursuit. Writing sonnets was all the rage— and a way to gain literary prestige. These poems weren’t published for the plebeian public, but were written down and shared among the literati—and aristocrats looking for some intellectual cachet by becoming patrons to brilliant but perhaps financially strapped writers. So, while Shakespeare likely wrote nearly all of his love sonnets in the early to mid 1590s, they weren’t officially collected and published until 1609, well after the fad had passed. W. H. Auden said of Shakespeare’s sonnets: “They are the work of someone whose ear is unerring.” In today’s less poetry-friendly world, appreciation of these sonnets tends, sadly, to be relegated to classrooms, Valentine’s Day, and anniversaries. Which is too bad, because—though they do indeed rhyme—they are far superior to the ditties found in ninety-nine-cent greeting cards. In fact, they cover the whole gamut of love—the good, the bad, the erotic, and the ugly, including love triangles, being dumped, and jealousy. There is also speculation as to how autobiographical the sonnets are. The truth is that we know so little about Shakespeare’s private life.

As a culture, we had no heroes. Certainly not any politician--Barack Obama was then the most admired man in America (and likely still is), but even when the country was enraptured by his rise, most Middletonians viewed him suspiciously. George W. Bush had few fans in 2008. Many loved Bill Clinton, but many more saw him as the symbol of American moral decay, and Ronald Reagan was long dead. We loved the military but had no George S. Patton figure in the modern army. I doubt my neighbors could even name a high-ranking military officer. The space program, long a source of pride, had gone the way of the dodo, and with it the celebrity astronauts. Nothing united us with the core fabric of American society. We felt trapped in unwinnable wars, in which a disproportionate share of the fighters came from our neighborhood, and in an economy that failed to deliver the most basic promise of the American dream--a steady wage.

Meanwhile, the US House of Representatives voted in favor of a military budget even bigger than Trump had asked for. And, as Erik Sherman at Forbes magazine eloquently pointed out, 60 percent of the Democrats voted for this outsized military budget which totals $695.5 billion. As Sherman explains, "{i}n other words, of the party that supposedly opposes rampant military spending and the Trump administration, 60% voted for this bill," at a time "{w}hen income inequality combines with systemic and systematic redistribution of virtually all income growth to the wealthiest while their taxes are reduced." Sherman of course hints at a truth which must be accepted- that Democrats are not, and never really have been, a party which "opposes rampant military spending." There is a bi-partisan consensus on such spending, and there is very little debate on lowering it. And this is for a number of reasons, one of which being that military spending is very lucrative for the arms manufacturers who bilk the quite willing Pentagon, and by extension the taxpayers; indeed, these are the biggest welfare cheats who few will acknowledge.

The place to take the true measure of a man is not in the darkest place or in the amen corner, nor the cornfield, but by his own fireside. There he lays aside his mask and you may learn whether he is an imp or an angel, cur or king, hero or humbug. I care not what the world says of him: whether it crowns him boss or pelts him with bad eggs. I care not a copper what his reputation or religion may be: if his babies dread his homecoming and his better half swallows her heart every time she has to ask him for a five-dollar bill, he is a fraud of the first water, even though he prays night and morning until he is black in the face. But if his children rush to the front door to meet him and love's sunshine illuminates the face of his wife every time she hears his footfall, you can take it for granted that he is pure, for his home is a heaven. I can forgive much in that fellow mortal who would rather make men swear than women weep; who would rather have the hate of the whole world than the contempt of his wife; who would rather call anger to the eyes of a king than fear to the face of a child (W. C. Brann, “A Man’s Real Measure,” in Elbert Hubbard’s Scrapbook, New York: Wm. H. Wise and Co., 1923, p. 16)

N.E.W.T. Level Questions 281-300: What house at Hogwarts did Moaning Myrtle belong to? Which dragon did Viktor Krum face in the first task of the Tri-Wizard tournament? Luna Lovegood believes in the existence of which invisible creatures that fly in through someone’s ears and cause temporary confusion? What are the names of the three Peverell brothers from the tale of the Deathly Hallows? Name the Hogwarts school motto and its meaning in English? Who is Arnold? What’s the address of Weasley’s Wizarding Wheezes? During Quidditch try-outs, who did Ron beat to become Gryffindor’s keeper? Who was the owner of the flying motorbike that Hagrid borrows to bring baby Harry to his aunt and uncle’s house? During the intense encounter with the troll in the female bathroom, what spell did Ron use to save Hermione? Which wizard, who is the head of the Department for the Regulation and Control of Magical Creatures at the Ministry of Magic lost his son in 1995? When Harry, Ron and Hermione apparate away from Bill and Fleur’s wedding, where do they end up? Name the spell that freezes or petrifies the body of the victim? What piece did Hermione replace in the game of Giant Chess? What bridge did Fenrir Greyback and a small group of Death Eaters destroy in London? Who replaced Minerva McGonagall as the new Deputy Headmistress, and became the new Muggle Studies teacher at Hogwarts? Where do Bill and Fleur Weasley live? What epitaph did Harry carve onto Dobby’s grave using Malfoy’s old wand? The opal neckless is a cursed Dark Object, supposedly it has taken the lives of nineteen different muggles. But who did it curse instead after a failed attempt by Malfoy to assassinate Dumbledore? Who sends Harry his letter of expulsion from Hogwarts for violating the law by performing magic in front of a muggle? FIND THE ANSWERS ON THE NEXT PAGE! N.E.W.T. Level Answers 281-300 Ravenclaw. Myrtle attended Hogwarts from 1940-1943. Chinese Firebolt. Wrackspurts. Antioch, Cadmus and Ignotus. “Draco dormiens nunquam titillandus” and “Never tickle a sleeping dragon.” Arnold was Ginny’s purple Pygmy Puff, or tiny Puffskein, bred by Fred and George. Number 93, Diagon Alley. Cormac McLaggen. Sirius Black. “Wingardium Leviosa”. Amos Diggory. Tottenham Court Road in London. “Petrificus Totalus”. Rook on R8. The Millenium Bridge. Alecto Carrow. Shell Cottage, Tinworth, Cornwall. “HERE LIES DOBBY, A FREE ELF.” Katie Bell. Malfalda Hopkirk, the witch responsible for the Improper use of Magic Office.

During Bill Clinton’s presidency, the Palestinian terrorist Yasser Arafat was invited to spend more time in the White House than any other foreign leader—thirteen invitations.303 Clinton was dead set on helping the Israelis and Palestinians achieve a lasting peace. He pushed the Israelis to grant ever-greater concessions until the Israelis were willing to grant the Palestinians up to 98 percent of all the territory they requested. And what was the Palestinian response? They walked away from the bargaining table and launched the wave of suicide bombings and other terrorist attacks known as the Second Intifada. And what of Osama bin Laden? Even while America was granting concessions to Palestinians—and thereby theoretically easing the conditions that provided much of the pretext for Muslim terror—bin Laden was bombing U.S. embassies in Africa, almost sank the USS Cole in Yemen, and was well into the planning stages of the catastrophic attacks of September 11, 2001. After President George W. Bush ordered U.S. forces to invade Afghanistan and Iraq in 2001 and 2003, respectively, bringing American troops into direct ground combat with jihadists half a world away, many Americans quickly forgot the recent past and blamed American acts of self-defense for “inflaming” jihad. One of those Americans was Barack Obama. Soon after his election, Obama traveled to Cairo, Egypt, where he delivered a now-infamous speech that signaled America’s massive policy shifts. The United States pulled entirely out of Iraq despite the pleas of “all the major Iraqi parties.”304 In Egypt, the United States actually backed the Muslim Brotherhood government, going so far as agreeing to give it advanced F-16 fighters and M1 Abrams main battle tanks, even as the Muslim Brotherhood government was violating its peace treaty with Israel and persecuting Egypt’s ancient Coptic Christian community. The Obama administration continued supporting the Brotherhood, even when it stood aside and allowed jihadists to storm the American embassy, raising the black flag of jihad over an American diplomatic facility. In Libya, the United States persuaded its allies to come to the aid of a motley group of rebels, including jihadists. Then many of these same jihadists promptly turned their anger on the United States, attacking our diplomatic compound in Benghazi the afternoon and evening of September 11, 2012—killing the American ambassador and three more brave Americans. Compounding this disaster, the administration had steadfastly refused to reinforce the American security presence in spite of a deteriorating security situation, afraid that it would anger the local population. This naïve and foolish administration decision cost American lives.

His … but … Ron, you’re not …?’ Ron held up his badge. Mrs Weasley let out a shriek just like Hermione’s. ‘I don’t believe it! I don’t believe it! Oh, Ron, how wonderful! A prefect! That’s everyone in the family!’ ‘What are Fred and I, next-door neighbours?’ said George indignantly, as his mother pushed him aside and flung her arms around her youngest son. ‘Wait until your father hears! Ron, I’m so proud of you, what wonderful news, you could end up Head Boy just like Bill and Percy, it’s the first step! Oh, what a thing to happen in the middle of all this worry, I’m just thrilled, oh, Ronnie –’ Fred and George were both making loud retching noises behind her back but Mrs Weasley did not notice; arms tight around Ron’s neck, she was kissing him all over his face, which had turned a brighter scarlet than his badge. ‘Mum … don’t … Mum, get a grip …’ he muttered, trying to push her away. She let go of him and said breathlessly, ‘Well, what will it be? We gave Percy an owl, but you’ve already got one, of course.’ ‘W-what do you mean?’ said Ron, looking as though he did not dare believe his ears. ‘You’ve got to have a reward for this!’ said Mrs Weasley fondly. ‘How about a nice new set of dress robes?’ ‘We’ve already bought him some,’ said Fred sourly, who looked as though he sincerely regretted this generosity. ‘Or a new cauldron, Charlie’s old one’s rusting through, or a new rat, you always liked Scabbers –’ ‘Mum,’ said Ron hopefully, ‘can I have a new broom?’ Mrs Weasley’s face fell slightly; broomsticks were expensive. ‘Not a really good one!’ Ron hastened to add. ‘Just – just a new one for a change …’ Mrs Weasley hesitated, then smiled. ‘Of course you can … well, I’d better get going if I’ve got a broom to buy too. I’ll see you all later … little Ronnie, a prefect! And don’t forget to pack your trunks … a prefect … oh, I’m all of a dither!’ She gave Ron yet another kiss on the cheek, sniffed loudly, and bustled from the room. Fred and George exchanged looks. ‘You don’t mind if we don’t kiss you, do you, Ron?’ said Fred in a falsely anxious voice. ‘We could curtsey, if you like,’ said George. ‘Oh, shut up,’ said Ron, scowling at them.

[The Church] has lived through its early travails and has now come to accept an easier way of life. It is content to carry on its painless program with enough money to pay its bills and a membership large enough to assure its future. Its members now look to it for security rather than for guidance in the battle between good and evil. It has become a school instead of a barracks. Its members are students, not soldiers. They study the experiences of others instead of seeking new experiences of their own.

The “religious freedom” promoted by Bill O'Reilly, Sarah Palin, the Conference of Catholic Bishops, the Religious Right of Ken Ham and Tony Perkins is a fraud and a scam; it is antithetical to true freedom of conscience and belief.

The Constitution—the Bill of Rights in particular—was filled with “majestic generalities” precisely so that federal courts could breathe life into them as the reality of America changed.

Wszystko, co w życiu najlepsze, Bill, to dzieło ludzkich rąk: ostrza scyzoryków, chleb, ubrania, kochanie się...

Ciało się rozkłada; kości pozostają. Ciało zapomina i wybacza dawne urazy; kość może się zagoić, ale zawsze pamięta: upadek z dzieciństwa, bijatykę w barze, uderzenie rękojeścią pistoletu w skroń, ostrze wbite między żebra. Kości zatrzymują takie chwile, utrwalają je i pokazują każdemu, kto ma dość wiedzy i doświadczenia, by dojrzeć to bogactwo danych, by usłyszeć cichy szept zmarłych.

Głowa pozbawiona była twarzy. Z trawy szczerzyła do nas zęby otłuszczona, poplamiona czaszka. Do boków i tylnej części głowy wciąż przylegały fragmenty gnijącej skóry i mięśni. Dla specjalisty od kości takiego jak ja (minęło jeszcze wiele lat, nim ukuto termin „antropolog sądowy”) brak tkanki na twarzy jest sprzyjającą okolicznością, która ułatwia mu zadanie. Spieszę z wyjaśnieniem: skóra na ciele martwego człowieka może wprowadzić w błąd. Jeśli zwłoki są rozdęte, tkanki na twarzy mogą obrzmieć, co utrudni określenie płci. Jeśli brakuje genitaliów – bo ciało zostało rozczłonkowane, uległo rozkładowi lub zostało częściowo zjedzone przez zwierzęta – lub jeśli tkanka miękka jest już w stanie głębokiego rozkładu, kształt kości będzie najwiarygodniejszym źródłem informacji.

Szczęśliwie dla naukowców badających miejsce zbrodni, trudno całkowicie spalić ludzkie ciało; nawet po kremacji pozostają fragmenty kości, które później trzeba mechanicznie sproszkować. Z drugiej jednak strony ogień może poważnie uszkodzić nawet najbardziej wytrzymałe kości ludzkiego ciała, takie jak kość udowa i piszczelowa w nodze oraz kość ramienna w ręce. Ogień o stosunkowo niskiej temperaturze nada kościom długim barwę czarną lub brązową, lecz nie naruszy ich struktury. Jednak podczas pożaru będącego wynikiem podpalenia – gdy przestępca użył benzyny lub jakiejś innej substancji łatwopalnej – ogień może osiągnąć temperaturę nawet 1100 stopni Celsjusza; w tak ekstremalnych warunkach kość ulega przemianie chemicznej i strukturalnej. Podobnie jak pozostałe części ciała, kość zawiera węgiel, który w bardzo wysokiej temperaturze po prostu się wypala. Kość, która przetrwa taki proces, nazywana kością kalcynowaną, może zachować swój kształt – tak jak rafa koralowa zachowuje swój pierwotny kształt, nawet gdy wymarły już organizmy, które ją stworzyły – będzie jednak bardzo lekka, szara, poznaczona mnóstwem pęknięć i otworów powstałych pod wpływem wysokiej temperatury i tak krucha, że może rozsypać się w dłoni, a już z pewnością rozsypie się pod naciskiem stopy.

Pytania, na które chcieliśmy znaleźć odpowiedź, wydawały się wręcz śmiesznie proste: Kiedy odpada ręka? Kiedy powstaje ta tłusta czarna plama pod ciałem i z czego się bierze? Kiedy zęby wypadają z czaszki? Ile czasu trzeba, by ciało zamieniło się w szkielet? Pytania, które stawialiśmy sobie, przystępując do tych projektów, były proste, lecz ułożenie kompletnych odpowiedzi musiało trwać latami. Każda zmienna miała znaczenie. Czy ciało leżało w cieniu czy w słońcu? W ubraniu czy bez? Na zewnątrz czy w budynku – a może w samochodzie? W kabinie pasażerskiej czy w bagażniku? Na ziemi czy w wodzie? Ukrywaliśmy ciała w lesie. Zakopywaliśmy je w płytkich grobach. Zanurzaliśmy w wodzie. Potem badaliśmy i opisywaliśmy wszystko, co się z nimi działo, od chwili śmierci aż do czasu, gdy nie zostało z nich nic prócz kości. Budowaliśmy bazę danych dotyczących czasu śmierci – pierwszy i jedyny zbiór informacji tego rodzaju na świecie – systematyzując proces rozkładu ludzkiego ciała za pomocą wykresów i tabel. Cel tego działania był prosty: umożliwić określenie z naukową pewnością czasu śmierci każdej ofiary morderstwa, bez względu na stan oraz okoliczności rozkładu ciała.

Czerwie to małe, przypominające robaki larwy, które wylęgają się z jaj złożonych na ciele przez muchy – zwykle, choć nie zawsze, przez połyskujące, zielonkawe owady zwane muchami plujkami. Tuż po wykluciu czerwie są mniejsze od ziaren ryżu; gdy osiągną dojrzałość, są równie długie i grube jak rurki makaronu. Szybko nauczyłem się, że w Tennessee należy otwierać worki z ciałami na zewnątrz i na ziemi, by muchy i czerwie nie rozeszły się po całej kostnicy.

Pierwszą rzeczą, która dosłownie rzuciła mu się w oczy i dotyczyła wszystkich czterech obiektów badań, była obfitość plujek. Rozkładające się w cieple ciała w ciągu kilku minut przyciągnęły setki much. Krew wywołała tak gwałtowną reakcję żerujących owadów, jakiej Bill nie byłby sobie nawet w stanie wyobrazić. Już po chwili obsiadły go setki much szukających jakichkolwiek płynów organicznych, którymi mogłyby się karmić, oraz jakichkolwiek ciemnych i wilgotnych otworów (łącznie z nozdrzami Billa), w których mogłyby złożyć jaja. Nasz dzielny badacz szybko nauczył się, że musi owijać głowę jakąś cienką, przezroczystą tkaniną, by muchy nie wchodziły mu do oczu, uszu, nosa i ust. Podczas jednego tylko ciepłego dnia, w ciągu kilku zaledwie godzin, nosy, usta i oczy martwych ciał wypełnione zostały ziarnistą, żółto-białą masą muszych jaj. Jedna samica plujki może złożyć naraz setki jaj, a wokół każdego z nieboszczyków krążyły dosłownie tysiące samic. W majowym i czerwcowym upale – bo w tych właśnie miesiącach ułożono na terenie ośrodka ciała 1-81 i 2-81 – w przeciągu zaledwie czterech do sześciu godzin ze stert jajeczek wykluły się tysiące larw. Muchy nie były jednak jedynymi owadami, które gromadziły się wokół świeżego ciała. Już po kilku minutach pojawiły się także osy. Bill zauważył, że niektóre z nich karmiły się samym ciałem, inne zaś atakowały muchy, porywały je i odgryzały im głowy jednym szybkim kłapnięciem szczęk. Jeszcze inne jadły jajeczka much lub młode larwy wykluwające się w różnych otworach ciała.

Rozmnażające się błyskawicznie owady wyjadły oczy, zostawiając puste, wpatrzone w przestrzeń oczodoły. Skóra i włosy utrzymywały się na czaszce, lecz po kilku dniach wyraźnie zaczęły się zsuwać. Pod koniec pierwszego tygodnia zwłoki zaczęły nabrzmiewać. W miarę jak bakterie wyjadały żołądek i jelita, wytwarzane przez nie gazy zaczęły wypełniać i wydymać brzuch niczym balon. Tymczasem skóra przybierała intensywny, czerwonawy kolor. Tkanka tłuszczowa pod skórą zaczęła się rozkładać, nadając zwłokom szklisty połysk, zupełnie jakby zostały oblane polewą i upieczone w piekarniku. Gdy skóra przybrała barwę karmelu, zaczęła pokazywać się na niej sieć fioletowo-szkarłatnych linii przypominająca satelitarną mapę rzek. W rzeczywistości był to układ krążenia; krew w żyłach i tętnicach zaczęła gnić, rozdymając je i nadając im ciemniejszą barwę, przez co wyglądały tak, jakby ktoś wymalował je na ciele flamastrem.

Pamiętajcie, że to ciało już od kilku miesięcy rozkłada się w płytkim grobie, więc paskudnie śmierdzi i prawdopodobnie jest już mocno przegniłe. Wstrzymujecie oddech, chwytacie rękę trupa, ciągnięcie za nią… a ręka urywa się i zostaje wam w dłoniach. Jeśli nie jesteście wyjątkowo skrupulatni i nie macie żołądka z żelaza, to w tym momencie, pomiędzy kolejnymi głębokimi wdechami, zbieracie tylko co większe części ciała – głowę, tułów, nogi, większość rąk – a potem wynosicie się stamtąd najszybciej, jak potraficie.

Zwłoki leżały twarzą do góry – tyle że twarzy już nie było. Zniknęła również tkanka miękka z szyi, choć ramiona i dłonie pozostały praktycznie nienaruszone. Nie byłem zaskoczony brakiem twarzy, często ta właśnie część ciała znika jako pierwsza. Muchy plujki składają jaja w wilgotnych ciemnych miejscach, więc usta, nos, oczy i uszy nadają się do tego najlepiej – podobnie jak genitalia i odbyt, jeśli tylko muchy mogą się do nich dostać. Jedynym miejscem, w którym samica plujki złożyłaby jaja chętniej niż w naturalnym otworze ciała, jest zakrwawiona rana.

Kiedy wsuwaliśmy zwłoki do worka, widzieliśmy niewiele larw – ledwie garstkę. Teraz było ich tam całe mrowie, dosłownie dziesiątki tysięcy. Jeden ze studentów zapytał, skąd się tam wzięły. Czy w ciągu czterdziestopięciominutowej podróży powrotnej na uniwersytet mogło dojść do jakiegoś masowego wylęgu? Wyjaśniłem, że czerwie były tam od początku, a w tym przypadku chodziło tylko o błędną ocenę pory dnia. Czerwie nie lubią słońca, więc jeśli ciało leży na otwartej przestrzeni, w ciągu dnia chowają się pod skórą. Gdy zamknęliśmy ciało w nieprzejrzystym czarnym worku, larwy uznały, że zapadła już noc, więc wyszły żerować na zewnątrz.

Ze względu na specyfikę mojego zawodu często mam okazję się przekonać, jak różną wartość przypisuje się ludzkiemu życiu – i śmierci. Niektórzy ludzie w chwili śmierci są tak biedni i tak samotni, że nikt nawet nie zgłasza się po ich ciała, które leżą w kostnicy do czasu, aż lekarz sądowy albo koroner nie pogrzebie ich w mogile dla nędzarzy. Inni – obdarzeni przez los kochającą rodziną, wysoką pozycją społeczną lub dużym ubezpieczeniem – odchodzą w blasku chwały, pośród kwiatów i złota.

Sklepienie czaszki to skomplikowana struktura złożona z siedmiu oddzielnych kości: kości czołowej; pary kości ciemieniowych, które tworzą górną i tylną część czaszki; kości skroniowych, położonych niżej, po obu stronach czaszki; kości klinowej tworzącej część środkową podstawy czaszki oraz kości potylicznej, ciężkiej tylnej i dolnej części czaszki, która opiera się na pierwszym kręgu szyjnym i wprowadza rdzeń kręgowy do czaszki. Miejsca, w których poszczególne kości czaszki łączą się ze sobą, nazywane są szwami, co odnosi się do ich wyglądu, przypominają bowiem nierówne, ząbkowane szwy utrzymujące w całości monstrum stworzone przez doktora Frankensteina. Kiedy się rodzimy, połączenia te zbudowane są z chrząstki, jednak w miarę upływu czasu chrząstka kostnieje, a szwy stają się coraz gładsze, by po wielu latach niemal całkowicie zniknąć.

Na pierwszy ogień idą ręce i nogi. Stosunkowo cienkie i otoczone tlenem są niczym podpałka, łatwo się zapalają i szybko płoną. W temperaturze zaledwie kilkuset stopni skóra szybko czernieje, tłuszcz pod nią zaczyna skwierczeć, a po kilku zaledwie minutach skóra pęka i zaczynają palić się mięśnie. Wtedy też dzieje się coś niezwykłego i przedziwnego. Kończyny zaczynają się poruszać – dłonie zaciskają się w pięści, palce u nóg zginają w dół, ręce podnoszą się do ramion, a nogi rozsuwają lekko i uginają w kolanach. To wynik siły mięśni i właściwości biomechanicznych ludzkiego ciała: zginacze, czyli mięśnie, które zginają ręce i nogi, są silniejsze od prostowników, czyli mięśni prostujących kończyny. Gdy ogień wysusza mięśnie i ścięgna, te kurczą się niczym stek na grillu, a zginacze pokonują prostowniki. W rezultacie ułożenie ciała przypomina pozycję, jaką przyjmuje bokser na ringu, dlatego też nazywamy je „postawą bokserską”. Zjawisko takie jest bardzo typowe – równie typowe dla ofiar pożarów jak fioletowy i spuchnięty język w przypadku wisielców – i zachodzi zawsze, gdy tylko kończyny ofiary mogą się swobodnie wyginać. Ręce związane lub ułożone za plecami nie mogą się zgiąć, więc jeśli znajdziemy spalone ciało z wyprostowanymi rękami, może to oznaczać, że ofiara została w jakiś sposób skrępowana lub unieruchomiona. Inna bardzo dramatyczna zmiana dotyczy głowy. Czaszka jest ściśle zamkniętym naczyniem, wypełnionym w większości płynem i miękką tkanką mózgu. W krótkim czasie cała ta wilgoć osiąga punkt wrzenia i wytwarza wysokie ciśnienie we wnętrzu czaszki: im gorętszy ogień, tym wyższe ciśnienie. Jeśli w czaszce znajduje się jakaś droga ujścia dla tego ciśnienia – na przykład otwór po kuli – kości pozostają nienaruszone. Jeśli jednak brakuje takiej drogi, czaszka może dosłownie eksplodować i rozerwać się na drobne kawałki wielkości monety. Odnalezienie i rekonstrukcja czaszki zniszczonej podczas pożaru to jedno z najbardziej nużących zadań, przed jakimi staje antropolog sądowy.

W ciągu dziesięciu lat, które upłynęły od chwili, gdy zaczęliśmy badać rozkład ludzkiego ciała w naszym ośrodku, wykonywaliśmy dziesiątki analiz i eksperymentów dotyczących w większości różnych zmiennych, które wpływają na tempo rozkładu. Widzieliśmy ciała, które trwały w niemal nienaruszonym stanie przez całą zimę i znaczną część wiosny, a wraz z nadejściem gorącego lata w ciągu dwóch tygodni zamieniały się w szkielety. Porównywaliśmy ciała ułożone w cieniu z tymi, które leżały na słońcu, i przekonaliśmy się, że te ostatnie ulegają zwykle mumifikacji, ich skóra staje się twarda jak łyko i stanowi nieprzebytą zaporę dla czerwi. Porównywaliśmy ciała leżące na powierzchni ziemi z tymi, które zostały zakopane w grobach, zarówno płytkich, jak i głębokich; ciała pogrzebane głęboko rozkładały się nawet osiem razy dłużej niż ciała ułożone na powierzchni. Porównywaliśmy ciała grube z chudymi – grube zamieniały się w szkielety znacznie szybciej, bo ich tkanka stanowiła pożywienie dla olbrzymich armii robactwa. Podczas jednego z ostatnich eksperymentów badaliśmy codziennie utratę wagi różnych ciał i w przypadku jednego z nich, wyjątkowo grubego, zanotowaliśmy ubytek aż osiemnastu kilogramów w ciągu doby – jestem pewien, że żadna z modnych teraz diet nawet nie zbliży się do tego rekordu.

Większość lekarzy sądowych to patolodzy sądowi – lekarze specjalizujący się w chorobach lub urazach tkanki. Jeśli mają okazję przeprowadzić sekcję zwłok w ciągu kilku godzin lub nawet dni od śmierci danej osoby, potrafią zwykle z zadziwiającą dokładnością określić czas i przyczynę zgonu. Kiedy jednak ciało znajduje się w stanie zaawansowanego rozkładu, przeprowadzenie autopsji może być trudne lub nawet niemożliwe. Tkanka miękka przechodzi w stan ciekły za sprawą oddziaływania bakterii, zmian chemicznych na poziomie komórek (proces rozpadu komórek zwany autolizą) oraz żerowania czerwi. Wraz z tkanką miękką znikają fizyczne ślady, których szuka patolog, takie jak rany zadane nożem. Jeśli jednak ślady ostrza lub innych urazów widoczne są na kościach, wykwalifikowany antropolog sądowy może odczytać ze szkieletu zdumiewającą ilość informacji długo po tym, gdy przeprowadzenie sekcji staje się niemożliwe.

W odróżnieniu od poprzednich ciał to było całkiem nagie, satynowa bielizna – body na ramiączkach – leżała pognieciona pośród liści trzy metry dalej. Ofiarą również była czarna kobieta, co dało się od razu ustalić na podstawie włosów i odsłoniętych zębów. To ciało znajdowało się już w stanie zaawansowanego rozkładu. Skóra była odbarwiona, brzuch rozdęty, kości lewej nogi wyszły na wierzch, brakowało obu stóp. Zwłoki leżały z szeroko rozrzuconymi rękami i nogami, wciśnięte kroczem w małe drzewo. Widok pnia wyrastającego pionowo w górę prosto z genitaliów nagiego gnijącego ciała ofiary morderstwa, sprawiał, że zbrodnia wydawała się jeszcze bardziej szokująca, jeszcze bardziej odrażająca.

Gdy przyglądałem się ciału, Arthur Bohanan, specjalista z laboratorium kryminalistycznego wydziału policji w Knoxville, zwrócił się do mnie z prośbą: – Bill, podaj mi rękę. Pracowałem z nim od lat, wiedziałem więc, że bynajmniej nie szuka u mnie oparcia. Chciał, żebym usunął jedną z dłoni ofiary i podał mu ją. W sprawach dotyczących morderstw zdarza się nieraz, że śledczy odcinają palce lub nawet całe dłonie, by zabrać je do swojego laboratorium lub przesłać je FBI. W sytuacji, gdy tożsamość ofiary jest nieznana, należy spróbować każdej możliwej techniki, by powiązać ze sobą odciski i nazwisko. Przyjrzałem się dłoniom ofiary. Skóra była rozmoczona, wyglądało na to, że lada moment zsunie się z kości, wiedziałem jednak, że to nie powstrzyma Arta przed zdjęciem odcisków; słynął z tego, że potrafił włożyć własne palce w skórę palców ofiary, by przywrócić im naturalny kształt i pobrać odciski.