Voc Quotes

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The first English settlements in North America were established in the early seventeenth century by joint-stock companies such as the London Company, the Plymouth Company, the Dorchester Company and the Massachusetts Company. The Indian subcontinent too was conquered not by the British state, but by the mercenary army of the British East India Company. This company outperformed even the VOC. From its headquarters in Leadenhall Street, London, it ruled a mighty Indian empire for about a century, maintaining a huge military force of up to 350,000 soldiers, considerably outnumbering the armed forces of the British monarchy. Only in 1858 did the British crown nationalise India along with the company’s private army. Napoleon made fun of the British, calling them a nation of shopkeepers. Yet these shopkeepers defeated Napoleon himself, and their empire was the largest the world has ever seen.

VOC’s military campaigns in Indonesia were financed by upstanding Dutch burghers who loved their children, gave to charity, and enjoyed good music and fine art, but had no regard for the suffering of the inhabitants of Java, Sumatra and Malacca. Countless other crimes and misdemeanours accompanied the growth of the modern economy in other parts of the planet.

Island after island fell to VOC mercenaries and a large part of Indonesia became a VOC colony. VOC ruled Indonesia for close to 200 years. Only in 1800 did the Dutch state assume control of Indonesia, making it a Dutch national colony for the following 150 years. Today some people warn that twenty-first-century corporations are accumulating too much power. Early modern history shows just how far that can go if businesses are allowed to pursue their self-interest unchecked.

While VOC operated in the Indian Ocean, the Dutch West Indies Company, or WIC, plied the Atlantic. In order to control trade on the important Hudson River, WIC built a settlement called New Amsterdam on an island at the river’s mouth. The colony was threatened by Native Americans and repeatedly attacked by the British, who eventually captured it in 1664. The British changed its name to New York. The remains of the wall built by WIC to defend its colony against Native Americans and British are today paved over by the world’s most famous street – Wall Street.

Mas, não obstante, eu acrescento que em qualquer pensamento genial ou no novo pensamento humano, ou simplesmente até em qualquer pensamento humano sério, que medra da cabeça de alguém, sempre resta algo que de maneira nenhuma se pode transmitir a outras pessoas, embora voc6e tenha garatujado volumes inteiros e passado trinta e cinco anos interpretando o seu pensamento; sempre restará algo que de maneira alguma desejará sair do seu crânio e permanecerá com você para todo o sempre; e assim você acaba morrendo sem ter transmitido a ninguém talvez o mais importante da sua idéia.

... de jongen soo verbaast gaauw tegen de stijlte weer op liep, schreeuwende luijtkeels de schuijt vergaat og was ik bij mijn moeder op het landt, van hem een openhartige confessie, door hem geroepen en van andere meer als duijsentmalen gedagt, maar die ijdele wenschen konnen nu niet baten, bidden Godt maar hij ons soo eens met voor en tegenspoet sal laten komen in de have van ons begeerte ...

noncontradicţiei este fals -, n - a r putea f i gândit sau comunicat. Or, în fapt, toată lumea gândeşte ş i comunică ceva anume , i n c l u s i v sofiştii, cei c a r e cont e s t ă pr inc ipiul noncontrad iqi e i . Altminteri, dacă nu a r comunica, omul a r fi, zice Aristotel, "aidoma unei l e gume " . Iar dacă nu ar comunica ceva determinat, omul nu ar comuni c a , în fapt, n imi c . R ealitatea comunicării unu i subiea determinat, aşadar, pr e supune acceptarea une i con­ sistenţe a gândirii, a unei determinări coerente a gândului gândit ş i apoi comunicat, ceea ce, la rândul său, impl i c ă pr inc ipiul noncont r adiqi e i . Pentru ca omul s ă rămână în domeniul logos-ului , al g ândului coe r ent ş i al expresiei ve rba l e ne e chi ­ voc e , e necesar c a el să ut i l i z e z e imp l i c i t pr inc ipiul noncontra­ dicţiei, fie şi atunci când, explicit, el ar dori să-I conteste. Chiar da c ă - aşa cum crede de e x emplu J. Lukasiewicz - acest pr inc ipiu nu este o "lege a l o g i c i i " ş i nu arc valoare logică ca atare, el întemeiază orice l im b aj omenesc ş i înfiinţează orice responsabilitate pentru spusele rostite şi faptele comise. Iar dacă el nu este încă logic, cu siguranţă că el întemeiază logica. Or, pe de altă parte, după cum s-a spus, e pl auz ibi l ca orice consistenţă a gândirii să fie un reflex al consistenţei lumii. (Prin­ c ipiul noncontradicţiei nu poate funcţiona în cazul unor obiecte imaginare inconsistente, precum un triunghi dreptunghic cehi­ lateral.) I a r o lume consistentă este o lume unde există Fi inţ ă . Aş ada r , pr int r -un f e l de " a r gument ontologic" imp l i c it, subt i l ş i ma i p u ţ i n pretenţios decât cel " c la s i c " al l u i An s e lm din Cantcrbury, Aristotel deduce, din faptul incontestabil a l comu­ nicării umane, că trebuie să existe Fiinţă. Unde este Fiinţa ? Dar, chiar dacă acum ş t im că trebuie să existe Fi inţ a , încă n u ş t im unde s e află ea, sau ce anume este ea - altfel spus, cu ce porţiune din realitate s e identifică ea. Problema pare etern ă : " iată subiectul cercetat şi controversat şi în vechime, şi a cum, ş i p u r u re a : ce e s t e ceea-ce-este, adi c ă ce e s t e F i i nţa ? " - scrie Aristotel. Într-adevăr, filozofii, predecesorii săi, au identificat Fiinţa - adică porţiunea de stabilitate şi coerenţă din lume -

noncontradicţiei este fals -, n - a r putea f i gândit sau comunicat. Or, în fapt, toată lumea gândeşte ş i comunică ceva anume , i n c l u s i v sofiştii, cei c a r e cont e s t ă pr inc ipiul noncontrad iqi e i . Altminteri, dacă nu a r comunica, omul a r fi, zice Aristotel, "aidoma unei l e gume " . Iar dacă nu ar comunica ceva determinat, omul nu ar comuni c a , în fapt, n imi c . R ealitatea comunicării unu i subiea determinat, aşadar, pr e supune acceptarea une i con­ sistenţe a gândirii, a unei determinări coerente a gândului gândit ş i apoi comunicat, ceea ce, la rândul său, impl i c ă pr inc ipiul noncont r adiqi e i . Pentru ca omul s ă rămână în domeniul logos-ului , al g ândului coe r ent ş i al expresiei ve rba l e ne e chi ­ voc e , e necesar c a el să ut i l i z e z e imp l i c i t pr inc ipiul noncontra­ dicţiei, fie şi atunci când, explicit, el ar dori să-I conteste. Chiar da c ă - aşa cum crede de e x emplu J. Lukasiewicz - acest pr inc ipiu nu este o "lege a l o g i c i i " ş i nu arc valoare logică ca atare, el întemeiază orice l im b aj omenesc ş i înfiinţează orice responsabilitate pentru spusele rostite şi faptele comise. Iar dacă el nu este încă logic, cu siguranţă că el întemeiază logica. Or, pe de altă parte, după cum s-a spus, e pl auz ibi l ca orice consistenţă a gândirii să fie un reflex al consistenţei lumii. (Prin­ c ipiul noncontradicţiei nu poate funcţiona în cazul unor obiecte imaginare inconsistente, precum un triunghi dreptunghic cehi­ lateral.) I a r o lume consistentă este o lume unde există Fi inţ ă . Aş ada r , pr int r -un f e l de " a r gument ontologic" imp l i c it, subt i l ş i ma i p u ţ i n pretenţios decât cel " c la s i c " al l u i An s e lm din Cantcrbury, Aristotel deduce, din faptul incontestabil a l comu­ nicării umane, că trebuie să existe Fiinţă. Unde este Fiinţa ? Dar, chiar dacă acum ş t im că trebuie să existe Fi inţ a , încă n u ş t im unde s e află ea, sau ce anume este ea - altfel spus, cu ce porţiune din realitate s e identifică ea. Problema pare etern ă : " iată subiectul cercetat şi controversat şi în vechime, şi a cum, ş i p u r u re a : ce e s t e ceea-ce-este, adi c ă ce e s t e F i i nţa ? " - scrie Aristotel. Într-adevăr, filozofii, predecesorii săi, au identificat Fiinţa - adică porţiunea de stabilitate şi coerenţă din lume

was true of the English East India Company, the VOC’s biggest challenge was the principal-agent problem: the tendency of its men on the spot to trade on their own account, bungle transactions or simply defraud the company.

in the early modern age it was common for private companies to hire not only soldiers, but also generals and admirals, cannons and ships, and even entire off-the-shelf armies. The international community took this for granted and didn’t raise an eyebrow when a private company established an empire. Island after island fell to VOC mercenaries and a large part of Indonesia became a VOC colony. VOC ruled Indonesia for close to 200 years. Only in 1800 did the Dutch state assume control of Indonesia, making it a Dutch national colony for the following 150 years. Today some people warn that twenty-first-century corporations are accumulating too much power. Early modern history shows just how far that can go if businesses are allowed to pursue their self-interest unchecked.

The VOC was interested in Sri Lanka because of its cinnamon production and strategic location, since control of Sri Lanka implied an improved ability to check navigation between the western Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. In

Carlton Church Warning - Nuclear Fraud Scheme North Korea has been producing different nuclear weapons since last year. They have sent warning on the neighboring countries about their plan for a nuclear test. Not just South Korea, but other countries like China, U.S., and Japan have stated their complaints. Even the United Nations has been alarmed by North Korea’s move. During the last period of World War, a bomb has been used to attack Japan. Happened on 6th of August 1945, Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb just 10 kilometers away from Tokyo. This is why people and organizations like Carlton Church who’s against the use of nuclear power for production of armory in war. Many protested that it is a threat to mankind and environment. Groups who are in favor of the nuclear use explained its advantage. They say it can be helpful in generating electricity that can be used for residential and commercial purposes. They also expound how it is better to use than coal mining as it is “less harmful to the environment.” Nuclear Use: Good or Bad? Groups who are against the use of nuclear reactor and weapons try to persuade people about its catastrophic result to the environment and humankind. If such facility will be used to create weapons, there is a possibility for another world war. But the pro-nuclear groups discuss the good effects that can be gained from it. They give details on how greenhouse gas effect of coal-burning can emit huge amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants such as sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxide, and toxic compounds of mercury to the atmosphere every year. Burning coal can produce a kilowatt-hour of electricity but it also amounts to over two pounds of carbon dioxide emissions. They also added that the amount of carbon dioxide it produces contributes to climate change. Sulfur dioxide may cause the formation of acid rain and nitrogen oxide, if combined with VOCs, will form smog. Nuclear power plants do not emit harmful pollutants or other toxic gases. Generating energy from nuclear involves intricate process, but as a result, it produces heat. These plants have cooling towers that release water vapor. If the facility has been properly managed it may not contribute disturbance in the atmosphere. It may sound better to use compared to coal. But studies have shown that the vapor that came from nuclear plants have an effect to some coastal plants. The heated water that was released goes back to lakes and seas, and then the heat will eventually diffuse into surface warming. As a result of the increased water temperature on the ocean bodies, it changes the way carbon dioxide is transferred within the air. In effect, major shifts in weather patterns such as hurricanes may occur. It does not stop there. The nuclear power plant produces radioactive waste, which amounts to 20 metric tons yearly. Exposure to high-level radiation is extremely harmful and fatal to human and animals. The waste material must be stored carefully in remote locations for many years. Carlton Church and other anti-nuclear groups persuade the public to initiate banning of the manufacturing of nuclear products and give warnings about its health hazards and environmental effects.

1. Execute uma avaliação mensal que revise as suas atividades diárias. * 2. Identifique as atividades que geram 80% mais resultados. * 3. Elimine ou delegue as atividades que não fazem parte do seu 80%. * 4. Pergunte: "Será que essa tarefa ajuda ou prejudica as minhas atividades 80/20?" sempre que um projeto novo aparecer. * 5. Se valer a pena persegui-lo, substitua-o por outro projeto. Não acrescente mais nada em uma lista de coisas para fazer. * 6. Pratique a procrastinação criativa com tarefas que não sejam importantes. Voc

however, the round trip was a very long one (fourteen months was in fact well below the average). It was also hazardous: of twenty-two ships that set sail in 1598, only a dozen returned safely. For these reasons, it made sense for merchants to pool their resources. By 1600 there were around six fledgling East India companies operating out of the major Dutch ports. However, in each case the entities had a limited term that was specified in advance – usually the expected duration of a voyage – after which the capital was repaid to investors.10 This business model could not suffice to build the permanent bases and fortifications that were clearly necessary if the Portuguese and their Spanish allies* were to be supplanted. Actuated as much by strategic calculations as by the profit motive, the Dutch States-General, the parliament of the United Provinces, therefore proposed to merge the existing companies into a single entity. The result was the United East India Company – the Vereenigde Nederlandsche Geoctroyeerde Oostindische Compagnie (United Dutch Chartered East India Company, or VOC for short), formally chartered in 1602 to enjoy a monopoly on all Dutch trade east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan.11 The structure of the VOC was novel in a number of respects. True, like its predecessors, it was supposed to last for a fixed period, in this case twenty-one years; indeed, Article 7 of its charter stated that investors would be entitled to withdraw their money at the end of just ten years, when the first general balance was drawn up. But the scale of the enterprise was unprecedented. Subscription to the Company’s capital was open to all residents of the United Provinces and the charter set no upper limit on how much might be raised. Merchants, artisans and even servants rushed to acquire shares; in Amsterdam alone there were 1,143 subscribers, only eighty of whom invested more than 10,000 guilders, and 445 of whom invested less than 1,000. The amount raised, 6.45 million guilders, made the VOC much the biggest corporation of the era. The capital of its English rival, the East India Company, founded two years earlier, was just £68,373 – around 820,000 guilders – shared between a mere 219 subscribers.12 Because the VOC was a government-sponsored enterprise, every effort was made to overcome the rivalry between the different provinces (and particularly between Holland, the richest province, and Zeeland). The capital of the Company was divided (albeit unequally) between six regional chambers (Amsterdam, Zeeland, Enkhuizen, Delft, Hoorn and Rotterdam). The seventy directors (bewindhebbers), who were each substantial investors, were also distributed between these chambers. One of their roles was to appoint seventeen people to act as the Heeren XVII – the Seventeen Lords – as a kind of company board. Although Amsterdam accounted for 57.4 per cent of the VOC’s total capital, it nominated only eight out of the Seventeen Lords.

Admission

Speak to salespeople (what we call “VOC Aggregators”)—people who have sold face-to-face the same type of product—or similar products.

De VOC-Indië is nog niet zó lang geleden, of wel?

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The government granted the VOC a monopoly on all Dutch trade in Asia. The English had done something similar two years before, creating their own East India Company. But the Dutch East India Company would evolve in a way that would make it the first modern multinational corporation—the predecessor of Coca-Cola and Google and ExxonMobil.

At the time, companies everywhere could only be created by the explicit consent of the government, and they were always created to end after a fixed amount of time. The government gave the VOC a charter to operate for twenty-one years. Investors had the option of cashing out after ten years, but even that was a long time to wait. So in Amsterdam the directors of the VOC added a single line to the first page of the company register, the book where they recorded everyone’s investments: “conveyance or transfer may be done through the bookkeeper of this chamber.” In other words, if you want your money back before ten years have passed, you can sell your investment, your share of the company, to anyone who wants to buy it. This one line had a huge impact—not just on the VOC, but on the whole history of money.

I toss my Cup of Tea away and ask for one Another.

This is the fly in the ointment of free-market capitalism. It cannot ensure that profits are gained in a fair way, or distributed in a fair manner. On the contrary, the craving to increase profits and production blinds people to anything that might stand in the way. When growth becomes a supreme good, unrestricted by any other ethical considerations, it can easily lead to catastrophe. Some religions, such as Christianity and Nazism, have killed millions out of burning hatred. Capitalism has killed millions out of cold indifference coupled with greed. The Atlantic slave trade did not stem from racist hatred towards Africans. The individuals who bought the shares, the brokers who sold them, and the managers of the slave-trade companies rarely thought about the Africans. Nor did the owners of the sugar plantations. Many owners lived far from their plantations, and the only information they demanded were neat ledgers of profits and losses. It is important to remember that the Atlantic slave trade was not a single aberration in an otherwise spotless record. The Great Bengal Famine, discussed in the previous chapter, was caused by a similar dynamic – the British East India Company cared more about its profits than about the lives of 10 million Bengalis. VOC’s military campaigns in Indonesia were financed by upstanding Dutch burghers who loved their children, gave to charity, and enjoyed good music and fine art, but had no regard for the suffering of the inhabitants of Java, Sumatra and Malacca. Countless other crimes and misdemeanours accompanied the growth of the modern economy in other parts of the planet.

He has claimed a space for me at the high table in the Great Cabin near to him at meals and introduced me to the senior VOC and ship’s officers. At the head of the table sits Commander Francisco Pelsaert and alongside him the undermerchant Jeronimus Cornelisz and senior assistant Salomon Deschamps. The skipper has uppersteersman Claas Gerritsz, three understeersmen and one or two others nearby. Gijsbert Bastiaensz, the rotund predicant, and his equally ample wife dine here too.

Three of the VOC directors came aboard mid-morning, resplendent in their richly braided coats and ruffles. They certainly looked the part, wealthy and powerful. Their ruthless reputation in commercial enterprises is well known in Amsterdam.

Before their departure the predicant delivered a short prayer service on the main deck, calling with great earnestness on God’s help for a swift and safe passage. I think the VOC may have wished for more emphasis on the fiscal outcomes, for Boudewijn tells me their motto, taken seriously, is “Jesus Christ is good, but trade is better.

few women are squeezed in down there too, wives and lovers of sailors smuggled aboard. I don’t think they appreciated my presence, perhaps offended by my holding my perfumed handkerchief to my nose just to stay there. It looks like a very tough life. Ariaen said the sailors at least get a little pay, a roof over their heads and their food – such as it is – while they are with the VOC.

At its pinnacle around the year 1669, the VOC controlled nearly 150 merchant ships, 40 warships, 50,000 employees, and a 10,000-strong private army.

The VOC was the first company to include the employment of workers from other nations.

The VOC controlled eight different ports east of Cape Town but had access to more than fifteen major commodities that included, but were not limited to, cinnamon, cloves, tea, silk, porcelain, cloth, pepper, tea teak, sandalwood, and camphor.

This trading network along with their control of ports in Japan, Batavia, and Maluka allowed the VOC to become what has been called the most profitable company in history.

The VOC is largely considered as being the first company to leverage the power of a joint-stock company with its interests being multi-national.

At their pinnacle, the VOC had in their employ over 25,000 workers in the east alone, with over 11,000 en route at any given time.

May 30, 1619, Pieterszoon Coen landed in Indonesia with 19 vessels under his command. His first aim was to take the trading port city of Jakarta by force. Under his leadership, the VOC private armies drove out and massacred the Banten forces that controlled the port. From this victory, the headquarters and key port of Batavia would be born.

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אינדונזיה היא ארכיפלג בן אלפי איים שבמאה ה־17 נשלטו על ידי מאות ממלכות, נסיכויות ושבטים שונים. כשהגיעו סוחריה של VOC לאינדונזיה, מטרתם הראשונית היתה מסחרית למהדרין. אולם כדי להבטיח את האינטרסים המסחריים שלהם ולמקסם את הרווחים שלהם החלו סוחרי VOC להילחם נגד שליטים מקומיים שונים (שהטילו מכסים גבוהים), ונגד חברות אירופיות מתחרות. לשם כך חימשה VOC את אוניות המסחר שלה ברובים ובתותחים, גייסה שכירי חרב אירופים, יפנים, הודים ואינדונזים, הקימה מצודות, וניהלה קרבות ומצורים. כפי שהיום יש שוק בינלאומי של עובדי ניקיון או מטפלים סיעודיים, אז היה שוק בינלאומי של שכירי חרב, שבו יכלו חברות פרטיות לשכור לא רק חיילים, אלא גם גנרלים ואדמירלים, תותחים וספינות, ואפילו צבאות שלמים "מן המדף". המערכת הבינלאומית של אותם הימים התייחסה לכך כמובן מאליו, והיתה מוכנה לקבל את הרעיון שחברה פרטית תחזיק צבא