Summary Of 2023 Quotes

IRCC Announces Eligible Programs for PGWPs Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) has updated its guidelines regarding the programs eligible for a Post-Graduation Work Permit (PGWP). As of November 1, international graduates applying for a PGWP must meet additional field of study requirements to qualify for this essential work permit. Eligible Fields of Study for PGWPs The eligible fields of study for the PGWP correspond to the occupation-based Express Entry categories introduced by IRCC in 2023. These categories are aligned with national labor market demands and include the following: • Agriculture and Agri-Food • Healthcare • Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) • Trade • Transport Eligible programs in these fields are classified using the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP), a systematic approach to describing and categorizing educational programs in Canada, akin to the National Occupation Classification (NOC) system used for job classification. Below is a summary of selected instructional programs eligible for the PGWP, along with their respective CIP codes: CIP 2021 Title CIP 2021 Code Field of Study Category Agricultural business and management, general 01.0101 Agriculture and agri-food Animal/livestock husbandry and production 01.0302 Agriculture and agri-food Plant nursery operations and management 01.0606 Agriculture and agri-food Animal health 01.0903 Agriculture and agri-food Agronomy and crop science 01.1102 Agriculture and agri-food Special education and teaching, general 13.1001 Healthcare Exercise physiology 26.0908 Healthcare Physical therapy assistant 51.0806 Healthcare Polysomnography 51.0917 Healthcare Cytotechnology/cytotechnologist 51.1002 Healthcare Computer programming/programmer, general 11.0201 STEM Chemical engineering 14.0701 STEM Engineering mechanics 14.1101 STEM Water, wetlands and marine resources management 03.0205 STEM Computer graphics 11.0803 STEM Electrician 46.0302 Trade Heating, air conditioning, ventilation and refrigeration maintenance technology/technician 47.0201 Trade Machine tool technology/machinist 48.0501 Trade Insulator 46.0414 Trade Plumbing technology/plumber 46.0503 Trade Heavy equipment maintenance technology/technician 47.0302 Transport Air traffic controller 49.0105 Transport Truck and bus driver/commercial vehicle operator and instructor 49.0205 Transport Flight instructor 49.0108 Transport Transportation and materials moving, other 49.9999 Transport

There is plenty of evidence to suggest a correlation between dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease and excessive, long-term inflammation in the body, known as chronic inflammation. A 2010 meta-analysis (an analysis of multiple papers, combining their findings) of 1,500 individuals found that those with Alzheimer’s disease tended to have raised levels of inflammatory cytokines in their blood.5 Curiously, further studies found that levels of systemic inflammation tend to be high in the early stages of the disease but not in advanced dementia.6 We also know that suffering from multiple infections increases the risk of developing dementia.7 There is also a dose-response relationship: the more infections (regardless of type), the higher the risk of dementia.8 An intriguing study, published by researchers at Stanford University in 2023, points the finger at one specific infectious agent: the varicella-zoster virus.9 This is the form of herpes virus we met in the last chapter, which has the dishonourable role of causing both chickenpox and shingles. The team analysed data from the National Health Service in Wales, because in late 2013 the Welsh Government enacted a health intervention that doubles up as a large natural experiment: they rolled out the shingles vaccine to people born on or after 2 September 1933. Over a seven-year follow-up comparing the vaccinated to the unvaccinated, they found that the shingles vaccine reduced the chance of developing dementia by around 20 per cent. While these are early days – and this study raises as many questions as it answers – it is looking likely that infectious agents are responsible for some proportion of dementia cases. Non-infectious inflammatory stimuli also increase the risk of developing dementia, from surgical operations to chronic autoimmune diseases.10 A remarkable link between systemic inflammation and dementia was uncovered in 2016, when researchers at the University of Southampton found that those with gum inflammation (periodontitis) had a six-fold increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease over a six-month period.11 In summary: it appears that inflammation in the body can drive the development of Alzheimer’s disease.