β
Men and women were expected to be brave, hardy, honest, and uncomplaining. Chatterboxes and gossips were frowned upon. βHe that speaks seldom and opportunely, being as good as his word, is the only man they love,β Wood explained. Character formation began early, with family games of tossing naked children into the snow. (They were pulled out quickly and placed next to the fire, in a practice reminiscent of Scandinavian saunas.) When Indian boys came of age, they spent an entire winter alone in the forest, equipped only with a bow, a hatchet, and a knife. These methods worked, the awed Wood reported. βBeat them, whip them, pinch them, punch them, if [the Indians] resolve not to flinch for it, they will not.
β
β
Charles C. Mann (1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus)