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Neutrophils Neutrophilia β’ Infection: bacterial, fungal β’ Trauma: surgery, burns β’ Infarction: myocardial infarct, pulmonary embolus, sickle-cell crisis β’ Inflammation: gout, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, Crohnβs disease β’ Malignancy: solid tumours, Hodgkin lymphoma β’ Myeloproliferative disease: polycythaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia β’ Physiological: exercise, pregnancy Neutropenia β’ Infection: viral, bacterial (e.g. Salmonella), protozoal (e.g. malaria) β’ Drugs: see Box 24.11 β’ Autoimmune: connective tissue disease β’ Alcohol β’ Bone marrow infiltration: leukaemia, myelodysplasia β’ Congenital: Kostmannβs syndrome Eosinophils Eosinophilia β’ Allergy: hay fever, asthma, eczema β’ Infection: parasitic β’ Drug hypersensitivity: e.g. gold, sulphonamides β’ Skin disease β’ Connective tissue disease: polyarteritis nodosa β’ Malignancy: solid tumours, lymphomas β’ Primary bone marrow disorders: myeloproliferative disorders, hypereosinophilia syndrome (HES), acute myeloid leukaemia Basophils Basophilia β’ Myeloproliferative disease: polycythaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia β’ Inflammation: acute hypersensitivity, ulcerative colitis, Crohnβs disease β’ Iron deficiency Monocytes Monocytosis β’ Infection: bacterial (e.g. tuberculosis) β’ Inflammation: connective tissue disease, ulcerative colitis, Crohnβs disease β’ Malignancy: solid tumours Lymphocytes Lymphocytosis β’ Infection: viral, bacterial (e.g. Bordetella pertussis) β’ Lymphoproliferative disease: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphoma β’ Post-splenectomy Lymphopenia β’ Inflammation: connective tissue disease β’ Lymphoma β’ Renal failure β’ Sarcoidosis β’ Drugs: corticosteroids, cytotoxics β’ Congenital: severe combined
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Nicki R. Colledge (Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine (MRCP Study Guides))