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We now understand that there are serious issues with using MPT to determine investment portfolios for household investors, especially after retirement begins. Harry Markowitz recognized this. After winning the Nobel Prize in 1990, he was asked to write an article in 1991 for the first issue of Financial Services Review about how MPT applies to household investors. This article was named, “Individual versus Institutional Investing.” In the article, he writes about how he had never thought about the household’s investing problem before, and after reflecting on it for an evening, he realized that households face a very different investing problem from the large institutional investors, such as mutual funds, he had in mind when developing MPT. MPT does not teach how individual households should build investment strategies to meet their lifetime financial planning goals.
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Wade Pfau (Safety-First Retirement Planning: An Integrated Approach for a Worry-Free Retirement)