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Three months after he received the cells, the boy’s father noticed his son’s eyes tracking a ball that his brother was bouncing. Suddenly the boy could see! There had been nothing wrong with his eyes. Instead, his blindness was caused by damage to his cerebral cortex. After several more treatments, the boy started to hear and talk, and could eventually walk with the aid of a walker. His parents were ecstatic. What I believe happened with our cultured cells is that they moved through the bloodstream to the damaged area, homing in on the site of the injury. Once there, the cells stimulated the formation of new blood vessels and secreted trophic factors, or bioactive molecules that encouraged new cell growth. Because the boy was so young and his system was so responsive, when blood started to flow to these areas, it jumpstarted his neural development and stimulated it to continue on a normal path, repairing some of the functions that had been damaged by his cerebral palsy.
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Neil H. Riordan (Stem Cell Therapy: A Rising Tide: How Stem Cells Are Disrupting Medicine and Transforming Lives)