Lipids Quotes

LIPID (Last Idiot Person I Dated) syndrome: a largely undiagnosed but pervasive disease that afflicts single women.

Lipids are fats used as storage on call All humans require them; the short and the tall

If biologists have ignored self-organization, it is not because self-ordering is not pervasive and profound. It is because we biologists have yet to understand how to think about systems governed simultaneously by two sources of order, Yet who seeing the snowflake, who seeing simple lipid molecules cast adrift in water forming themselves into cell-like hollow lipid vesicles, who seeing the potential for the crystallization of life in swarms of reacting molecules, who seeing the stunning order for free in networks linking tens upon tens of thousands of variables, can fail to entertain a central thought: if ever we are to attain a final theory in biology, we will surely, surely have to understand the commingling of self-organization and selection. We will have to see that we are the natural expressions of a deeper order. Ultimately, we will discover in our creation myth that we are expected after all.

More and more, she was experiencing a growing distance from her self-awareness. Her sense of Alice—what she knew and understood, what she liked and disliked, how she felt and perceived—was also like a soap bubble, ever higher in the sky and more difficult to identify, with nothing but the thinnest lipid membrane protecting it from popping into thinner air.

Originally, the atoms of carbon from which we’re made were floating in the air, part of a carbon dioxide molecule. The only way to recruit these carbon atoms for the molecules necessary to support life—the carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, and lipids—is by means of photosynthesis. Using sunlight as a catalyst the green cells of plants combine carbon atoms taken from the air with water and elements drawn from the soil to form the simple organic compounds that stand at the base of every food chain. It is more than a figure of speech to say that plants create life out of thin air.

Because cells are surrounded with a lipid membrane, essential oils are attracted to and able to penetrate the cell membrane to deliver nutrients to the cell nucleus.[103],[104],[105],[106],[107] This suggests that essential oils can affect cell function and behavior, thus influencing overall well-being. At the same time, the aroma of the essential oil that is inhaled travels to the limbic system where a cascade of psychophysiological effects is triggered in response.

Many chronic symptoms and health conditions—such as fatigue, sleepiness, mood disorders, insomnia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, lipid disorders, high blood pressure, headaches (including migraines), gas, bloating, irritable bowel syndrome, joint inflammation, acne, and difficulty concentrating, to name a few—will improve on a ketogenic diet. Treating lifestyle conditions with lifestyle change such as this can make us a healthier and less drug-dependent country. – Jackie Eberstein

If I could really love, I would take away these tubes dripping lipids and glucose into your blood. I would liquefy the things you love and flood them through your veins: our sleeping dogs' rhythmic breathing, huge orange trumpets of the amaryllis we thought would never bloom, the crunch of the gravel road coming home. If I could really love, I would climb onto your narrow back and wrap myself around, guarding like a ladybug, or Achilles' mighty shield.

To complicate matters further, proteins must catalyze formation of the basic building blocks of cellular life such as sugars, lipids, glycolipids, nucleotides, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate, the main energy molecule of the cell).

sprinkle both sides of the meat with sodium chloride and piperine. Then, when you notice the butter foaming”—she pointed to a hot cast-iron skillet—“place the steak in the pan. Be sure and wait until the butter foams. Foam indicates that the butter’s water content has boiled away. This is critical. Because now the steak can cook in lipids rather than absorb H2O

Experiments, especially the Oslo trials of 1981-84 and the Lipid Research Clinics trials, the results of which were announced in 1984, did show that a low-fat diet could lower high cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease—but most people do not have a high cholesterol level, regardless of their diet, and more than 50 percent of those with afflicted hearts do not have high cholesterol counts.

blood sugar values go down, blood pressure drops, chronic pain decreases or disappears, lipid profiles improve, inflammatory markers improve, energy increases, weight decreases, sleep is improved, IBS [irritable bowel syndrome] symptoms are lessened, etc. Medication is adjusted downward, or even eliminated, which reduces the side-effects for patients and the costs to society. The results we achieve with our patients are impressive and durable.

The saturated fats in dairy appear to be healthier than those in red meat.34 Shorter chain saturated fatty acids, such as the kind found in coconut, are metabolized quickly and don’t stick around long enough to cause much trouble. And to make matters even more complicated, the amount and type of carbohydrate in the diet influences how dietary fat affects blood lipids, with saturated fat and processed carbohydrate being an especially dangerous combination.35 So without bread, butter may be relatively benign.

Here I should issue a caveat. In origins-of-life research (and probably in most other disciplines as well), scientists gravitate to models that highlight their personal scientific specialty. Organic chemist Stanley Miller and his cohorts saw life’s origins as essentially a problem in organic chemistry. Geochemists, by contrast, have tended to focus on more intricate origins scenarios involving such variables as temperature and pressure and chemically complex rocks. Experts in membrane-forming lipid molecules promote the “lipid world,” while molecular biologists who study DNA and RNA view the “RNA world” as the model to beat. Specialists who study viruses, or metabolism, or clays, or the deep biosphere have their idiosyncratic prejudices as well. We all do it; we all focus

Most people now have the ‘LDL-C is bad and HDL-C is good’ concept down pat. But there is more to the story. It is well established that not all LDL particles are created equal. Moreover, certain types of LDL have been shown to correlate with abnormal lipid profiles and promote atherosclerosis. As noted previously, the larger more buoyant LDL particles are less harmful than smaller ones. Small LDL particles reside in the circulation longer, have greater susceptibility to oxidative damage by free radicals, and more easily penetrate the arterial wall, contributing to atherosclerosis. No matter what your total LDL-C concentration, if you have relatively more small particles (referred to as Pattern B) it puts you at a several-fold higher risk for heart disease compared to people with larger LDL particles (Pattern A)[49]. And once again, this is independent of your LDL-C concentration.

James Tour is a leading origin-of-life researcher with over 630 research publications and over 120 patents. He was inducted into the National Academy of Inventors in 2015, listed in “The World’s Most Influential Scientific Minds” by Thomson Reuters in 2014, and named “Scientist of the Year” by R&D Magazine. Here is how he recently described the state of the field: We have no idea how the molecules that compose living systems could have been devised such that they would work in concert to fulfill biology’s functions. We have no idea how the basic set of molecules, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids and proteins were made and how they could have coupled in proper sequences, and then transformed into the ordered assemblies until there was the construction of a complex biological system, and eventually to that first cell. Nobody has any idea on how this was done when using our commonly understood mechanisms of chemical science. Those that say that they understand are generally wholly uninformed regarding chemical synthesis. Those that say, “Oh this is well worked out,” they know nothing—nothing—about chemical synthesis—nothing. … From a synthetic chemical perspective, neither I nor any of my colleagues can fathom a prebiotic molecular route to construction of a complex system. We cannot even figure out the prebiotic routes to the basic building blocks of life: carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. Chemists are collectively bewildered. Hence I say that no chemist understands prebiotic synthesis of the requisite building blocks, let alone assembly into a complex system. That’s how clueless we are. I have asked all of my colleagues—National Academy members, Nobel Prize winners—I sit with them in offices. Nobody understands this. So if your professors say it’s all worked out, if your teachers say it’s all worked out, they don’t know what they’re talking about.23

Yatima found verself gazing at a red-tinged cluster of pulsing organic parts, a translucent confusion of fluids and tissue. Sections divided, dissolved, reorganised. It looked like a flesher embryo – though not quite a realist portrait. The imaging technique kept changing, revealing different structures: Yatima saw hints of delicate limbs and organs caught in slices of transmitted dark; a stark silhouette of bones in an X-ray flash; the finely branched network of the nervous system bursting into view as a filigreed shadow, shrinking from myelin to lipids to a scatter of vesicled neurotransmitters against a radio-frequency MRI chirp. There were two bodies now. Twins? One was larger, though – sometimes much larger. The two kept changing places, twisting around each other, shrinking or growing in stroboscopic leaps while the wavelengths of the image stuttered across the spectrum. One flesher child was turning into a creature of glass, nerves and blood vessels vitrifying into optical fibres. A sudden, startling white-light image showed living, breathing Siamese twins, impossibly transected to expose raw pink and grey muscles working side by side with shape-memory alloys and piezoelectric actuators, flesher and gleisner anatomies interpenetrating. The scene spun and morphed into a lone robot child in a flesher's womb; spun again to show a luminous map of a citizen's mind embedded in the same woman's brain; zoomed out to place her, curled, in a cocoon of optical and electronic cables. Then a swarm of nanomachines burst through her skin, and everything scattered into a cloud of grey dust. Two flesher children walked side by side, hand in hand. Or father and son, gleisner and flesher, citizen and gleisner... Yatima gave up trying to pin them down, and let the impressions flow through ver. The figures strode calmly along a city's main street, while towers rose and crumbled around them, jungle and desert advanced and retreated. The artwork, unbidden, sent Yatima's viewpoint wheeling around the figures. Ve saw them exchanging glances, touches, kisses – and blows, awkwardly, their right arms fused at the wrists. Making peace and melting together. The smaller lifting the larger on to vis shoulders – then the passenger's height flowing down to the bearer like an hourglass's sand.

The agranular reticulum functions for the synthesis of lipid substances and for other processes of the cells promoted by intrareticular enzymes.

The term fat is often used interchangeably with the term lipid, but fats are actually a particular type of lipid, called triglycerides, in which three fatty acids are bound to a compound called glycerol. Fats are important in the body. They are the main form in which the body stores energy. Stored body fat is called adipose tissue. Stored fat not only provides an energy reserve but also cushions and protects internal organs. In addition, stored fat insulates the body and helps prevent heat loss in cold weather. Although lipids and fats are necessary for life, they may be harmful if they are present in the blood at high levels. Both triglycerides and the lipid called cholesterol are known to damage blood vessels if their concentrations in the blood are too high. By damaging blood vessels, triglycerides and cholesterol also increase the risk of heart disease.

Unfortunately, I knew exactly what I was suffering from. LIPID (Last Idiot Person I Dated) syndrome: a largely undiagnosed but pervasive disease that afflicts single women. My roommates and I had come up with the term in college, to explain the baffling phenomenon of nostalgia for one’s most recent ex. No matter how absolutely awful that person had been at the time, after a few weeks, the relationship would take on a rosy tint, and wistful little phrases would begin to creep into conversation, like, “I know he cheated on me with three people at the same time, but he was such a fabulous dancer,” or “All right, so he was a raging alcoholic, but when he was sober he did such sweet things! Remember those flowers he bought for me that one time?” Inexplicable, but inevitable. A few weeks of singledom render even the most inexcusable ex charming in retrospect. Hence, LIPID syndrome. As everyone knows, lipids are fats, and fats are bad for you, and therefore ex-boyfriends must be avoided at all costs. This is what comes of having a bio major as a roommate for four years. The one sure way to fight off LIPID syndrome was to distract oneself. True, the only foolproof cure is a new relationship, thus knocking the LIPID back down the dating chain into harmless obscurity, but there are other, temporary diversions. Reading a novel, watching a movie, or delving into the private lives of historical characters. With an anticipatory

The association between high triglycerides and heart disease is very well established. Even the National Lipid Association, from which this study and statement originate, acknowledges an independent association with triglycerides: “…triglycerides are the third component of the lipid profile and are an independent and compounding risk factor for heart disease, the leading cause of death in the U.S. Studies have shown that the risk of developing heart disease doubles when triglyceride levels are above 200 mg/dL. When triglycerides are above 200 mg/dL and HDL cholesterol is below 40 mg/dL, a person is at four times the risk of developing heart disease.

Our new understanding of Avicenna’s humors, as presented in this book, reveals that the humors can now be seen as the biochemical classes known today as proteins, lipids, and organic acids. And humors are the macromolecules of the food we eat after they have been absorbed from the stomach and the intestines and gone into the bloodstream.

So in a modern interpretation, the humors are not the blood components, as some have interpreted, but rather the chemical classes derived from food such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, organic acids, and their intermediates, which replenish the body with nutrients carried in the blood. Abnormal humors result from the incomplete breakdown of these classes of molecules in the bloodstream, or their aggregation (polymerization) and precipitation.

The arterial wall is an insulin sensitive tissue. Animal experimentation showed that chronic exposure to high concentrations of insulin resulted in the development of lipid-filled lesions similar to those of early atherosclerosis. Thus, insulin has the ability to promote changes in the artery, which in the long term, may progress to atherosclerosis” (The relationship of abnormal circulating insulin levels to atherosclerosis. 1977. Atherosclerosis 27:1-13.)

The generally reported lack of relationship between the severity of diabetes and the vascular complications… suggest that hyperglycemia is not the factor linking diabetes with atherosclerosis. The possibility that insulin contributes to the development of the large vessel complications of diabetes has been explored, and evidence has been presented that insulin stimulates arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and lipid synthesis in the arterial wall.   —”Diabetes and atherosclerosis.” In J. S. Bajaj, ed. Insulin and Metabolism. Amsterdam, London, New York: Excerpta Medica 27(1979): 1-13.

require chronic or recurrent treatment with a wide array of medications, some of which could aff ect insulin sensitivity, �-cell function, or other aspects of glucoregulation. Whenever feasible, preference should be given to those agents that are either neutral or beneficial in their eff ects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In the sections that follow, diff erent classes of medications will be discussed with regard to their impact on diabetes risk. These medication classes were selected for discussion based either on (a) their historical association with dysglycemia in clinical practice, (b) extensive utilization for the management of comorbid conditions (e.g., hypertension, dyslipidemia) in diabetic patients, or (c) existing or emerging reports of possible association with

The study leaders reported that in both men and women from ages 40 to 90, “of all the lipoproteins and lipids measured, HDL-cholesterol had the largest impact on risk.” People with low HDL-cholesterol levels (below 35 mg/dL) had an eight times higher rate of heart attacks than did people with high HDL-cholesterol levels (65 mg/dL or above).

Cholesterol is a little waxy lipid (fat) molecule that happens to be one of the most important substances in the human body. Every cell membrane has cholesterol as a critical structural and functional component. Brain cells need cholesterol to make synapses (connections) with other brain cells. Cholesterol is the precursor molecule for important hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, DHEA, cortisol, and pregnenolone. Cholesterol is needed for making the bile acids that allow us to digest and absorb fats. Cholesterol interacts with sunlight to convert into the all-important vitamin D. Bottom line is that you can’t live without cholesterol,

THANH HƯƠNG SHOP chuyên phân phối sữa non alpha lipid tại Việt Nam, với giá rẻ nhất thị trường, cùng chính sách hậu mãi, bảo hiểm sản phẩm, giao hàng miễn phí trong nước cùng dịch vụ tư vấn 24/7 nhiệt tình tận tâm , chuyên nghiệp. THANH HƯƠNG cung cấp sản phẩm sử dụng tốt cho sức khỏe cộng đồng, mang lại lợi ích cho xã hội để đồng hành trong cuộc chiến chống bệnh tật và bảo vệ sức khỏe cho khách hàng thân yêu. Hãy để chúng tôi kết nối tốt với khách hàng, trở thành những người bạn chia sẻ đồng hành trên cuộc chiến chống bệnh tật. THANH HƯƠNG chia sẻ sức khỏe và sắc đẹp.

Dr. Nash would give Dave and the rest of us a formulation of the drug called liposomal amphotericin. In this form, the toxic drug is encapsulated in microscopic spherules made of lipids (fats). This makes the drug safer, reducing some of the most dangerous side effects. But the lipid droplets can cause disturbing side effects of their own.

The exercise intensity of 50 percent of VO2 max is an extremely interesting intensity from the physiological point of view. That’s when the stroke volume of the heart (the volume of blood pumped per one heartbeat) is the largest, lipid metabolism is the highest, and the accumulation of catecholamine (an indicator of lactate and sympathetic nerves’ agitation) starts.

Beaudart, C., et al. (2017), Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia: Systematic review, Osteoporosis International 28:1817–33; Lozano-Montoya, I. (2017), Nonpharmacological interventions to treat physical frailty and sarcopenia in older patients: A systematic overview—the SENATOR Project ONTOP Series, Clinical Interventions in Aging 12:721–40. 55. Fiatarone, M. A., et al. (1990), High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians: Effects on skeletal muscle, Journal of the American Medical Association 263:3029–34. 56. Donges, C. E., and Duffield, R. (2012), Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise training on total and regional body composition in sedentary overweight middle-aged adults, Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 37:499–509; Mann, S., Beedie, C., and Jimenez, A. (2014), Differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and combined exercise modalities on cholesterol and the lipid profile: Review, synthesis, and recommendations, Sports Medicine 44:211–21. 57. Phillips, S. M., et al. (1997), Mixed muscle protein synthesis and breakdown after resistance exercise in humans, American Journal of Physiology 273:E99–E107; McBride, J. M. (2016), Biomechanics of resistance exercise, in Haff and Triplett, Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 19–42.

The carbohydrates are thus broken down into glucose, the proteins into amino acids, the lipids into short fatty acid chains, and the minerals freed for absorption.

There is an upside to all of this efficient fat storage for women. Jensen explains, “The good thing about partitioning for women is that it keeps their lipids in the blood low. So their cardiovascular risk factors of high blood lipids are lower. It’s healthier. The thing to tell men is you may be lean when you’re young, but if you start gaining weight as you get older you’re going to be in a lot worse shape than your wife, who might gain similar weight, because her adipose tissue is much more protective than a man’s.

There are around 200 species of leaf-cutter ants that do this, and it’s been part of their existence for more than twenty million years. They are obligate fungal cultivars, meaning they fully depend on this activity, just as we do on farmed food. The dependence is mutual too: the fungus grows filaments called gongylidia, which are packed with nutritious carbohydrates and lipids, so that the ants can harvest them more easily to feed to the queens and larvae. Gongylidia don’t exist outside of fungal-ant agriculture. There’s a further outrageous layer to this symbiosis. The leaf beds are prone to infection by another fungus, which the ants weed manually (actually, with their mandibles). But they also carry Pseudonocardia bacteria on their bodies and in specialised endocrine glands. These bacteria produce an antibiotic which attacks the fungal infections. This is an astonishing description of mutualism on many levels: an animal farming a fungus, using bacteria as a pesticide, each dependent on the others.

The American Council of Aging have identified the following 10 biomarkers of health: Muscle Mass Strength Bone Density Bone Composition Blood Lipids Hemodynamics Glucose Control Aerobic Capacity Gene Expression Brain Factors How many of those essential biomarkers of health do you think strength training benefits? Even if regular strength training improved 2 or 3 of these areas, wouldn’t you agree that it would be a worthwhile activity to engage in? Well, the fact is that strength training will produce marked improvement in ALL of these areas. That is not only remarkable, but also unequalled by any other activity. And that is why strength training needs to form the foundation of your health and wellness lifestyle.

Humanity had been alone in the universe. And then the secret discovery that Phoebe, idiosyncratic moon of Saturn, had been an alien weapon, launched at Earth when life here was hardly more than an interesting idea wrapped in a lipid bilayer. How could anything be the same after that?

Regarding your thyroid health, I would prioritize the following markers: TSH Free T3 Free T4 Thyroid peroxidase antibodies Thyroglobulin antibodies As for the other blood tests, at minimum I would order the following: Complete blood count with differential Comprehensive metabolic panel Lipid panel Iron panel (serum iron, ferritin, iron saturation, TIBC) 25-OH vitamin D High sensitivity CRP

Inside it, however, everything careens relentlessly toward self-replication, for within the space of about thirty minutes, the cell manages to duplicate with extreme precision each and every one of its component parts: its proteins, lipid molecules, even its own genome. And at the end of the process, the cell pinches itself in two, giving birth to a daughter cell clone, which will reproduce itself in another half hour.

Collectively, these three cellular elements—nucleic acids, proteins, and the lipid bilayer membrane—exist for the purpose of maintaining the cell as a living system, but for this it needs a fourth class of materials, sugars (saccharides, typically glucose or sucrose).

To be a cell, then, is to be a deterministic system governed by DNA, composed largely of proteins and lipids, and energized by ATP. Some cells are more like us than you may imagine—E. coli, for example, the standard organism of genetic engineering.

A cell’s membrane, which constitutes its outer surface, is composed of lipid molecules.

It was shown that eating 1, 1.5, and 2.4 ounces of nuts per day was associated with a reduction in LDL cholesterol of 4.2 percent, 4.9 percent, and 7.4 percent, respectively.38 Similarly, substantial evidence from human trials shows that avocado consumption improves blood lipid levels.

mentioned earlier, hypothyroidism makes the liver and gallbladder sluggish, so that fat is not easily metabolized and cleared from the body. Cells may be less receptive to taking up LDL, so that too much accumulates.7 When a person with healthy thyroid function becomes hungry and needs energy, the body is able to readily burn fat for fuel. Not so with low thyroid function. When one of my patients with abnormal lipid panels (cholesterol and triglycerides) has hypothyroidism, I address the thyroid disorder first, after which the lipids in circulation often reach normal levels.

estrogen tells the liver habitually to favor the production of HDL over that of low-density lipoprotein. (Intense exercise can have a similarly promotional effect on the liver’s outlay of HDL; the rigors of chronic activity inspire the same anabolic spirit that reproduction does, the same need to scavenge available blood lipids for the sake of creating new cells.)

Because cholesterol belongs to the lipid family (that is, fats), it is not water soluble and thus cannot dissolve in our plasma like glucose or sodium and travel freely through our circulation. So it must be carted around in tiny spherical particles called lipoproteins—the final “L” in LDL and HDL—which act like little cargo submarines. As their name suggests, these lipoproteins are part lipid (inside) and part protein (outside); the protein is essentially the vessel that allows them to travel in our plasma while carrying their water-insoluble cargo of lipids, including cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, plus vitamins and other proteins that need to be distributed to our distant tissues.

The reason they’re called high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL, respectively) has to do with the amount of fat relative to protein that each one carries. LDLs carry more lipids, while HDLs carry more protein in relation to fat, and are therefore more dense.

It’s a combination of the pseudouridine incorporating into the RNA and the toxicity of the lipids and the toxicity of the complexes as a whole, which is separate from the toxicity of the spike. So, we’ve really got three categories of toxicities. We got the payload toxicity—that’s your spike issues. We got the cationic lipid and associated nanoplex toxicity. And we have the toxicity of the pseudouridine incorporating molecule, which is not really a natural RNA; it’s something else altogether.

We also monitor other variables that are relevant to diet, beginning with weight (obviously) but continuing with body composition, the ratios of lean mass and fat mass, and how they change. We can also look at biomarkers such as lipids, uric acid, insulin, and liver enzymes. All of these taken together start to give us a better way to evaluate our progress than any one in isolation.

Processed oils like canola or vegetable oil are polyunsaturated fats, which are molecularly unstable and prone to cell-destroying oxidation. Oxidants are reactive molecules that are used to transfer electrons from one atom to another. They are naturally produced both inside your body and the environment, but in excess they can react with other cellular molecules in your body, such as proteins, DNA, and lipids, often contributing to disease and inflammation in the process. (This is why antioxidants are so important—they help prevent oxidation-related damage.)

have long-chain polyunsaturated lipid ratios

To make things even more challenging, cells must also be able to make all of their component molecular machines using only the resources that are available in the local environment. Think of the magnitude of this accomplishment. Many bacteria are able to build all of their own molecules from the a few simple raw materials like carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ammonia. A single bacterial cell knows how to build several thousand types of proteins, including motors, girders, toxins, catalysts, and construction machinery. This cell also builds hundreds of RNA molecules with different orderings of nucleotides, as well as a diverse collection of lipids, sugar polymers, and a bewildering collection of exotic small molecules. All of these different molecules must be created from scratch, using only the molecules that the cell eats, drinks, and breathes.

have also been able to show in studies. My theory that the actual target is the memory center of our brain is also supported by the fact that lipid nanoparticles are used as gene transfer vehicles, which can efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier. This is no more justified for vaccination against a virus that primarily infects the respiratory tract than it is for vaccination of children, for whom the virus poses no threat in the first place.

Years ago, however, with the development of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), molecules were found that could act as brain-penetrating packaging material; that is, they could cross the blood-brain barrier. Their original use was to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to the brain for the treatment of brain tumors (see sidebar Brain Toxic Packaging).37 It was no secret that LNPs could also be used to deliver genetic material in the form of DNA or mRNA to the brain or brain cells to become biologically active.

To state the obvious, a cow’s muscles were designed by nature to move the cow’s legs. A chicken’s muscles allow the bird to walk and fly (although current breeding and rearing practices are such that these obese birds do not get around very well). A fish’s muscles move the fish’s tail. A muscle is not designed to be a nutritional supplement. It is a biological ratchet system designed for pulling. For that purpose, it is beautifully designed. Strings of protein serve as the ratchet mechanism, with fat in between them. If meat were designed to provide good nutrition, it would have fiber to tame your appetite, complex carbohydrate for energy, and vitamin C to protect your body, among other vital nutrients. But meat has none of these things. It is mainly a mixture of fat and protein (along with the occasional parasite, perhaps). Meat’s fat packs in calories, and it adds to the fat that is collecting inside your cells—the intramyocellular lipid that slows down your metabolism, as we saw in chapter 3.

garden-variety LDL particle is fused with another, rarer type of protein called apolipoprotein(a), or apo(a) for short (not to be confused with apolipoprotein A or apoA, the protein that marks HDL particles). The apo(a) wraps loosely around the LDL particle, with multiple looping amino acid segments called “kringles,” so named because their structure resembles the ring-shaped Danish pastry by that name. The kringles are what make Lp(a) so dangerous: as the LDL particle passes through the bloodstream, they scoop up bits of oxidized lipid molecules and carry them along. As my lipid guru Tom Dayspring points out, this isn’t entirely bad. There is some evidence that Lp(a) may act as a sort

The generic term chemists use for all these toxins is lipid oxidation products, or LOPs for short. Think of LOPs as lopped off pieces of PUFA.

Justineau laughs–a harsh and ugly spasming of breath that hurts her coming out. It’s got to be said. There’s no way around it. “You carved up two children, Caroline. And you did it without anaesthetic.” “They don’t respond to anaesthetic. Their brain cells have a lipid fraction so small that alveolar concentrations never cross the action threshold. Which in itself ought to tell you that the subjects’ ontological status is to some extent in doubt.” “You’re

That’s the thing Neeti, most of us get put on medication a tad bit aggressively. By that I mean that we are put on medication the minute one blood test shows that TSH is higher than 5 and in some cases just higher than 3, even when t4 and t3 readings are in range, and also the lipid profile or the glycaemic control is measured as HbA1c. We start the medication in full faith but fail to correct the lifestyle factors that caused the TSH to go up in the first place. What is required really is extensive counselling for a complete lifestyle overhaul and that starts with one step

Without sufficient supplies of vitamin C, the spinal cord deteriorates from chronic free-radical damage caused by lipid peroxidation, and the entire body then becomes vulnerable to disease and degeneration because of faulty communication between brain and body and impairment of biofeedback between the nervous and immune systems.

There was no name for the disease; his body had gone insane, forgotten the blueprint by which human beings were built. Even now the disease still lives on in his children. Not in our bodies, but in our souls. We exist where normal human children are expected to be; we’re even shaped the same. But each of us in our own way has been replaced by an imitation child, shaped out of a twisted, fetid, lipidous goiter that grew out of Father’s soul.

Laboratory tests are the next set of important numbers to know. Here are the key lab test numbers you need to know:   1. Complete blood count   2. General metabolic panel with fasting blood sugar and lipid panel   3. HgA1C   4. Vitamin D   5. Thyroid panel   6. C-reactive protein

According to the American Heart Association, optimal levels are as follows (note: those levels have been converted from US mg/dL measures): Total cholesterol (3.7–5.1 mmol/L, below 3.7 has been associated with depression) High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (>= 1.5 mmol/L) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (<2.6 mmol/L) Triglycerides (<1.1 mmol/L). If your lipids are off, make sure to get your diet under control, as well as taking fish oil and exercising regularly. Of course you should see your physician. Also, knowing the particle size of LDL cholesterol is important. Large particles are less toxic than smaller particles.

Estradiol—Estradiol is the strongest estrogen; it helps you think clearly. It is produced in the ovaries and has many protective effects, including maintaining bone density, improving growth hormone production and cardiovascular function, keeping your blood from getting “sticky,” supporting cognitive function and mood, assisting in growth hormone release, and improving your lipids profile. Too much estradiol can be associated with estrogen-related cancers, but deficiencies can lead to osteoporosis, heart disease, dementia, and other diseases of aging. Estradiol keeps you looking and feeling young and vibrant. It also provides antiaging protection for the skin. And it even helps prevent weight gain. Researchers at Yale University have found that estradiol suppresses appetite using the same pathways in the brain as leptin, which is one of the hormones that regulate appetite.

Trans fats ruin liver function. They wreak havoc on blood lipids. They destroy insulin sensitivity.

The fact that all benzodiazepines are lipid soluble to varying degrees means that benzodiazepines and their active metabolites bind to plasma proteins. The extent of this binding is proportional to their lipid solubility. The amount of protein binding varies from 70 to 99 percent. Distribution, onset, and termination of action after a single dose are thus largely determined by benzodiazepine lipid solubility, not elimination

half-life. Preparations with high lipid solubility, such as diazepam and alprazolam, are absorbed rapidly from the GI tract and distribute rapidly to the brain by passive diffusion along a concentration gradient, resulting in a rapid onset of action. However, as the concentration of the medication increases in the brain and decreases in the bloodstream, the concentration gradient reverses itself, and these medications leave the brain rapidly, resulting in fast cessation of drug effect.

of Lipids and Metabolism at Mount Sinai’s cardiovascular institute put

Fittingly, the rabies virus is shaped like a bullet: a cylindrical shell of glycoproteins and lipids that carries, in its rounded tip, a malevolent payload of helical RNA. On entering a living thing, it eschews the bloodstream, the default route of nearly all viruses but a path heavily guarded by immuno-protective sentries. Instead, like almost no other virus known to science, rabies sets its course through the nervous system, creeping upstream at one to two centimeters per day (on average) through the axoplasm, the transmission lines that conduct electrical impulses to and from the brain.

For me, a real breakthrough occurred when I stopped thinking about and defining meat in terms of its animal origin (e.g., chicken, cow, pig), but instead in terms of its composition. At a very high level, meat is really five things: amino acids, lipids, small amounts of carbohydrates, trace minerals, and, of course, water. The animal eats plants and turns them into muscle tissue, or what we call meat. But with today’s technology, instead of using a biological bioreactor (animal), we can harvest those core inputs directly from plants themselves. We can use other systems to assemble them in the familiar architecture of meat.

The actual mechanics of cell division, according to Dick McIntosh at the University of Denver, require significantly more instructions than it takes to build a moon rocket or supercomputer. First of all, the cell needs to duplicate all of its molecules, that is DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc. At the organelle level, several hundred mitochondria, large areas of ER, new Golgi bodies, cytoskeletal structures, and ribosomes by the million all need to be duplicated so that the daughter cells have enough resources to grow and, in turn, divide themselves. All these processes make up the ‘cell cycle’. Some cells will divide on a daily basis, others live for decades without dividing. The cell cycle is divided into phases, starting with interphase, the period between cell divisions (about 23 hours), and mitosis (M phase), the actual process of separating the original into two daughter cells (about 1 hour). Interphase is further split into three distinct periods: gap 1 (G1, 4–6 hours), a synthesis phase (S, 12 hours), and gap 2 (G2, 4–6 hours). Generally, cells continue to grow throughout interphase, but DNA replication is restricted to the S phase. At the end of G1 there is a checkpoint. If nutrient and energy levels are insufficient for DNA synthesis, the cell is diverted into a phase called G0. In 2001 Tim Hunt, Paul Nurse, and Leeland Hartwell received the Nobel Prize for their work in discovering how the cell cycle is controlled. Tim Hunt found a set of proteins called cyclins, which accumulate during specific stages of the cell cycle. Once the right level is reached, the cell is ‘allowed’ to progress to the next stage and the cyclins are destroyed. Cyclins then start to build up again, keeping a score of the progress at each point of the cycle, and only allowing progression to the next stage if the correct cyclin level has been reached.

Once You’re in Keto, How Can You Keep It Going Without Fasting? The short answer is: Eat a boatload of fat (~1.5 to 2.5 g per kilogram of body weight), next-to-no carbs, and moderate protein (1 to 1.5 g per kilogram of body weight) each day. We’ll look at Dom’s typical meals and day in a minute, but a few critical notes first: High protein and low fat doesn’t work. Your liver will convert excess amino acids into glucose and shut down ketogenesis. Fat as 70 to 85% of calories is required. This doesn’t mean you always have to eat rib eye steaks. A chicken breast by itself will kick you out of ketosis, but a chicken breast cut up into a green leafy salad with a lot of olive oil, feta cheese, and some Bulletproof Coffee (for example) can keep you in ketosis. One of the challenges of keto is the amount of fat one needs to consume to maintain it. Roughly 70 to 80% of your total calories need to come from fat. Rather than trying to incorporate fat bombs into all meals (one does get tired of fatty steak, eggs, and cheese over and over again), Dom will both drink fat between meals (e.g., coconut milk—not water—in coffee) and add in supplemental “ice cream,” detailed on page 29. Dom noticed that dairy can cause lipid profile issues (e.g., can spike LDL) and has started to minimize things like cream and cheese. I experienced the same. It’s easy to eat a disgusting amount of cheese to stay in keto. Consider coconut milk (Aroy-D Pure Coconut Milk) instead. Dom doesn’t worry about elevated LDL as long as other blood markers aren’t out of whack (high CRP, low HDL, etc.). From Dom: “The thing that I focus on most is triglycerides. If your triglycerides are elevated, that means your body is just not adapting to the ketogenic diet. Some people’s triglycerides are elevated even when their calories are restricted. That’s a sign that the ketogenic diet is not for you. . . . It’s not a one-size-fits-all diet.

AA, Meydani M. Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on plasma and liver alpha- and gamma-tocopherol levels in normal and vitamin E-deficient rats. Relationship to lipid peroxidation. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1994; 47: 2005–2010. 40 Meydani SN, Beharka AA. Recent developments in vitamin E and immune response. Nutr. Rev. 1998; 56: S49–S58. 41 Han SN, Meydani SN. Vitamin E and infectious diseases in the aged. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1999; 58:697–705. 42 Thurnham DI. Micronutrients and immune function: some recent developments. J. Clin. Pathol. 1997; 50: 887–891. 43 Beck MA. Selenium and host defence towards viruses. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1999; 58: 707–711. 44 Beck MA. Increased virulence of coxsackievirus B3 in mice due to vitamin E or selenium deficiency. J. Nutr. 1997; 127: 966S–970S. 45 Dworkin BM. Selenium deficiency in HIV infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Chem. Biol. Interact. 1994; 91: 181–186. 46 Patrick L. Nutrients and HIV: part one – beta carotene and selenium. Altern. Med. Rev. 1999; 4: 403–

Insulin sensitivity is affected by zinc levels, so if yours is below 100, try 20 mg to 50 mg of zinc picolinate daily, then recheck your glucose after two months. High hemoglobin A1c reflects poor glucose control, which is affected by low magnesium. If your RBC magnesium is less than 5.2, try magnesium glycinate (500 mg per day) or magnesium threonate (2 g per day). Cinnamon turns out to be a wonderful way to improve glycemic control. You need only ¼ teaspoon each day, sprinkled on food, or you can easily take it as 1-gram capsules. Cinnamon also improves lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes.3 Alpha-lipoic acid is an antioxidant. Most people use 60 mg to 100 mg daily. Chromium picolinate also lowers blood glucose, and 400 micrograms to 1 milligram daily is the typical dosage. Berberine lowers blood glucose, and is usually taken at 300 to 500 milligrams three times per day. Your physician may also prescribe metformin to reduce blood glucose.

the people who carry a gene variant (allele) called ApoE4 (ApoE is short for apolipoprotein E; an apolipoprotein is a protein that carries lipids—i.e., fats). ApoE4 is the strongest known genetic risk factor* for Alzheimer’s disease. Carrying one ApoE4 (that is, inherited from one parent) increases your lifetime risk of Alzheimer’s to 30 percent, while carrying two copies (inheriting copies from both parents) increases it to well over 50 percent (from 50 to 90 percent, depending on which study you read). That compares to a risk of only about 9 percent in people who carry zero copies of this allele.

정품몸짱약판매합니다.... 정품구입문의하는곳~☎위커메신저:PP444☎라인:PPPK44↔☎텔레:kpp44[☎?카톡↔kap6] 정품구입문의하는곳~☎위커메신저:PP444☎라인:PPPK44↔☎텔레:kpp44[☎?카톡↔kap6] Steroid Steroid Science Diction A compound having a unique chemical structure called steroid nuclei, such as gallbladder nectaric acid, heart venom, sex hormones, vitamin B, adrenal exfoliation hormones, etc. But usually referred to as steroids, it refers to the adrenal glands of the cortisone system, or hormone drugs that have a sugary metabolism and at the same time anti-inflammatory, anti-alerative action, and are widely used in medical care. foreign language notation steroid (English) Steroid Nursing Dictionary It is the generic name of a group of compounds having steroid nuclei, one of the most widely present ingredients as natural substances, such as sterols, bile acids, sex hormones, adrenal cortex hormones, ganglion and insect metamorphosis hormones. foreign language notation steroid, steroid(German) Steroid Oceanographic Dictionary The total designation of a family of compounds with nuclei of cyclopentanoperhyd-rophenanthrene. It performs biologically important functions such as sterols, bile acids, sex hormones, adrenal cortex hormones, and insect metamorphosis hormones. foreign language notation steroid (English) Steroid Nutrition Dictionary The total designation of compounds having cyclopentanophenanthrene rings as common mother nuclei. It includes bile acid, steroid hormones, strong-seam dividend payers, steroid saponin, alkaloids and insect metamorphic hormones. foreign language notation steroid (English) reference sterol steroid hairdressing dictionary A large series of non-binary lipids with complex four ring bones. Foreign Language notation Stereoid (English) [Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia] Steroids (Science Dictionary, 2010..414, Newton Editing, Hyun Chun-soo) Busan's Haeundae High School, whose designation as an autonomous private high school was canceled, will retain its self-employed status for the time being due to the court's decision. The permit haeundaego donghae, the academy is completely unjust to the disposition of revocation of administrative litigation will be well and truly over a specified as long as it criticizes independent status is maintained. Pusan District Court in administration has 28 haeundaego study corporate donghae ‘ choose them over effective disposition of revocation of suspension given an injunction filed by the Pusan Metropolitan Office of Education.(suspension of execution) for quoting ’ said. The court said as he “to institute donghae be deemed difficult to prevent damage to the urgent needs to recover.” according to the court's ruling the other hand, due to suspension of execution.A significant impact on public welfare may apply for an injunction referred to and have no data to " admit that there is to explain why. The court's ruling did not determine whether the Busan Metropolitan Office of Education's administrative disposition itself was legitimate. The court considered whether it was necessary to suspend the validity or execution of administrative proceedings, and acknowledged the need. Administrative measure of legal academy is donghae is decided by an administrative litigation filed through the Pusan Metropolitan Office of Education. As the administrative litigation is expected to continue until early next year, Haeundae is expected to maintain its self-employed status next year. Hwang Yoon-sung, the head of the emergency committee of Haeundae High School, said, "We expected that the cancellation of the Busan education office's self-assessment of the self-assessment of the self-administration system will be cited for the suspension of the application as it is currently in the middle of recruiting freshmen from Haeundae High School, so that there will be no problem in recruiting new students.

Exercise, for example, causes epigenetic changes that free up our genes to make useful proteins for building muscles, increasing the pumping capacity of the heart, growing new blood vessels to support muscle expansion, and lowering blood lipids.16 Other epigenetic changes from exercise can block harmful genes. These are seen after swimming, sprinting, interval training, and high-intensity walking.17

The lipid group works somewhat differently. Triglycerides, as we just saw, move rather quickly. The HDL and LDL numbers depend on both diet and exercise, and take longer to change, perhaps six months, but possibly as little as three. The anabolic group is mainly responsive to exercise and should show a lot of improvement within six months.

four traditional blood panels—the lipid panel, the basic metabolic panel, the hepatic function panel, and the complete blood count—as well as commonly administered hormone tests for both men and women.

Part One—The Lipid Panel. Used to evaluate heart health, this panel comprises of four biological markers representing the four types of fat found in the blood—triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Two additional measures of cardiovascular health, homocysteine and c-reactive protein (CRP), may also be measured as part of a more comprehensive profile. These two labs are discussed in Part Six, “Optional Tests” (see page 8). •  Part Two—The Basic Metabolic Panel. The labs used to evaluate metabolism measure blood sugar regulation, electrolyte and fluid balance, and kidney function. Biomarkers included in this panel are glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. •  Part Three—The Hepatic Function Panel. This panel determines how well your liver is functioning by measuring levels of different proteins produced and processed by the liver, like albumin and globulin, as well as liver enzymes. •  Part Four—The Complete Blood Count (CBC) Panel. The lab values measured in the complete blood count (CBC) panel include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin. Maintaining healthy levels of these biomarkers affect your vitality and energy, immune system, and cardiovascular health. •  Part Five—Hormones. Although they are not always included in a routine blood test, hormones should be periodically tested, especially in aging adults. Hormones such as estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, DHEA, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) play an integral role in reproductive wellness and affect other aspects of health. Maintaining balanced levels can slow down the aging process, for instance. Hormones involved in metabolism, like the thyroid hormones and the stress hormone cortisol, are also discussed in this section. •  Part Six—Optional Tests. This final part of the book highlights four tests—homocysteine, c-reactive protein (CRP), vitamin D, and magnesium—that are not typically measured unless requested, or if a standard blood test shows an abnormality that requires a more in-depth analysis. These tests can provide a more complete picture of heart health, immunity, calcium absorption, blood sugar regulation, and a number of other vital processes.

We also find anticipatory effects from another macronutrient, oral fat. People who chew and spit out real cream cheese on a cracker versus nonfat cream cheese (a.k.a. fake cream cheese) on a cracker have relatively large elevations in triglycerides measured in the blood plasma for hours after.13 This study suggests that whole body lipid metabolism may be regulated by oral sensations of fats.

Lipids (fats) of interest here are HDL, triglycerides, and Lp(a). Lp(a) need be measured only once. HDL and triglycerides are measured quarterly.

Ultra-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Blood (HS-CRP) C-reactive protein measures an inflammatory response in the body and has been shown to play a role in atherosclerosis and blood clot formation.  Patients should ask their doctor specifically about HS-CRP, as this test helps determine heart disease risk. Elevated HS-CRP is related to increased risk for heart attack, restenosis of coronary arteries after angioplasty, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD). While elevated cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides plus low HDL are independent risk factors for heart disease and cholesterol build-up, HS-CRP provides added information about inflammation in the arteries. This cannot be determined by lipid testing alone. Results Less than 1.0 mg/L = Low Risk for Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) 1.0 – 2.9 mg/L = Intermediate Risk for CVD Greater than 3.0 mg/L High Risk for CVD

Pattern A and B are called lipid subfractions. Unfortunately, this test isn’t standardized and there are three competing methods: Ion Mobility (IM), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Vertical Auto Profile (VAP). We prefer them in that order. They don’t yield identical results, but are close.

Results about disease risk that largely agree among different studies include those for CHD [Coronary Heart Disease] and perhaps diabetes and colon cancer. In addition, data on other risk factors for chronic diseases, such as overweight, blood lipids, and blood pressure, fit this criterion. Mortality and incidence rates of coronary disease events are indeed clearly lower in vegetarians. This is true in the 2 previous cohorts of Adventists (16, 22) and in the older cohorts of British and German vegetarians (23–25). A combined analysis of those cohorts (26) confirmed this result with a 32% higher CHD mortality rate in the nonvegetarians. This is not surprising because there is convincing evidence that several important risk factors for CHD have more optimal values in vegetarians. Regular, moderate nut (16, 27) and wholegrain (11, 16) consumption are associated with lower risk of CHD. These are foods often preferred by vegetarians. Several other studies of nonvegetarians have strongly suggested that dietary patterns emphasizing fruit, vegetables, and less meat are associated with much lower risk of CHD (10, 28) consistent with the CHD mortality data in studies of vegetarians. Animal fats (largely saturated) raise LDL cholesterol (29) and increase risk; these obviously come from foods eaten less or not at all by vegetarians. Total or LDL cholesterol is typically lower in vegetarians (30, 31). HDL cholesterol is not consistently different (30, 32), although it does tend to be a little lower in Adventists (33), perhaps because of the lack of alcohol consumption. Vegetarians are consistently thinner, or at least less overweight, than are nonvegetarians within the same studies (34, 32). It is also probable that vegetarians have lower blood pressures than others (32, 35, 36), although the reasons are still controversial, and effects are sometimes small as in British vegetarians (37).

URINE ALBUMIN/CREATININE RATIO (Ualb/Cr) Albumin is a protein found in urine that can be a sign of increased risk for kidney disease, diabetes complications, and cardiovascular risks. If high levels of Ualb/CR are present, close attention to blood pressure control, including use of specific blood pressure medications that help protect the kidney, may be recommended. Aggressive risk reduction efforts such as closer attention to lipid levels, blood pressure control, and diabetes control are suggested. Goal values More than 30 mg/g suggests increased risk for CVD and diabetic nephropathy More than 300 mg/g signals clinical nephropathy

Most of the people get trouble in losing their belly fat. It is a big challenge to lose. But it is best to accept the challenge and show our body that it is not difficult. I am here to tell you how to lose belly fat without investing. 1. Lemon: lemon is an easily available ingredient found in everyone’s kitchen. It has various health kit like improving digestion, enhancing focus and increasing energy level. Lemon is low calorie beverage. One glass of lemon water helps to lose weight. Start your day with one glass of lemon and warm water juice and see you midsection getting smaller. 2. Ginger: add ginger in your tea will help you to lose weight. It increases your body temperature and helps burn fat more effectively. It is a natural remedy for a wide variety of digestive disorders, including upset tummy, vomiting, and gastritis. It also helps for cold and cough. It contains a type of caffeine that helps lose weight. 3. AppleCider Vinegar : apple contains lots of fibre and a good source of pectin. Including pectin in your meal can make you feel full and satisfied. It adds amazing flavour in your drink and helps with weight loss. Add apple cider vinegar in water before any meal. 4. Mint : mint and lemon water helps to detox your body. It also helps in decreasing your belly fat by removing additional bile from your gall bladder. Bile helps to store fat in everyone’s body. Mint is also naturally low in calories, and the antioxidants present in them can improve your metabolic rate and help you lose fat. 5. Aleo vera juice : sterol contains in aleo vera, which helps to lose abdominal fat. Also, being a laxative, it can result in weight loss. If you are looking to lose those extra fat quickly, turn aleo vera into juice and add it in your meal. One glass of aleo vera juice per day will help you lose weight. 6. Garlic: garlic helps to boost the energy level which can help to burn all the calories. It is great in detoxifying. Have raw garlic will help to lose weight faster. 7. Water melon : it contain 91% of water. Eat water melon before any meal. It will add substantial amount of calories in your meal, which will keep you feel full for a long time. 8. Beans : Regular consumption of different types of beans helps reduce body fat, develop muscles and improve the digestion process. Beans also help you feel full for a longer time, thus keeping you from overeating. 9. Cucumber : people do prefer to have cucumber before meal is because it is refreshing and low in calories. It contains 96% percent of water in 100 grams of cucumber. They are packed with mineral, vitamins and dietary fibre. 10. Tomatoes: One large tomato has just 33 calories. It contains a compound known as 9-oxo-ODA that helps reduce lipids in the blood, which in turn helps control belly fat. This compound also fights chronic diseases associated with obesity.

Although there are no trained oncology nutritionists at the moment, your own knowledge of what fuel your cancer prefers (the glutamine: glucose: lipid ratio) will guide food choices and help you starve your cancer. For instance, virtually all cancers respond to a reduced glucose intake, glutamine-fuelled cancers require a lower protein intake and fat-driven cancers (eg, prostate, melanoma) need to avoid ketogenic diets. Reducing saturated fat is also important for every type of cancer.

THE LIPID MANAGEMENT GROUP SUMMARY LIPID MANAGEMENT GROUP MEASURES How the body is dealing with fat and cholesterol SCORING Special case - Lp(a) greater than 30 mg/dl - see “Is Your Lp(a) High?” “A” - Triglycerides below 100 mg/dl and HDL above 65 (men)/ 75(women) “B” - Triglycerides below 150 mg/dl and HDL above 55 (men)/ 65(women) “C” - Anything else RISKS “A” - Healthy “B” - Atherosclerosis is developing “C” - Significant heart disease risk. Rapid plaque development. REMEDIES “A” - No changes needed “B” or “C” - High triglycerides indicates a need to cut starches and sugars. HDL should respond to higher intensity exercise. TIMING Result should be apparent in 3 to 6 months, retest at those times.

Initially compartmentalization might have been accomplished by a nonbiological transitional entity, a protocell, perhaps formed within pores in rocks. (We’ll consider this in more detail below.) But a protocell in a rock pore, even one containing DNA, would not be capable of sustaining complex life. The evolution of true cells depended on some form of compartmentalization outside of such confined spaces. The eventual solution was a lipid casing (membrane) that sequestered RNA, DNA, and the proteins they make, allowing these entities to exist free-floating in the oceans, where they could self-replicate, diversify (that is, evolve), and give rise to all of the organisms that have ever lived.

The other theory argues that replication based on nucleic acids (RNA and/or DNA) came after biological entities could support metabolism. Günter Wächtershäuser proposed a version of this metabolism-first theory in which hot water from volcanoes flowed over mineral-rich rocks to ignite (catalyze) chemical reactions that fused simple carbon-based compounds into larger ones. While catalytic enzymes, which are proteins, did not yet exist, minerals, such as those in rocks, can and do function as prebiotic catalysts for chemical reactions. According to this theory, a key step occurred when, through a series of these prebiotic reactions, the circle was closed by the regeneration of the original compound. Through such a process, complex biological molecules (proteins, nucleotides, lipids, and carbohydrates) could be made, forming the basis of simple protocells that made energy and replicated.

Here’s the list of the tests you need to make sure your doctor orders: lipid profile (LDL-C, HDL-C, TG), homocysteine (Hcy) level, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT and AST), uric acid, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1c.

Cholesterol is the body’s equivalent of duct tape. It’s one of the most versatile nutrients our cells have and they use it for solving all sorts of problems. And it’s more than just a problem-solver; it’s also a building block: • It enables cell division. The rapidly dividing cells in our intestinal tract, skin, and bone marrow need it more than most other kinds of cells in our bodies. • It enables cell transport and communication. Cells need cholesterol to create structures called “lipid rafts” that are essential to responding to hormones and to moving large molecules into the cell, out of the cell, and from place to place within the cell. • It’s the precursor for vitamin D, which forms when ultraviolet light rays strike cholesterol in the skin. Vitamin D helps our bodies absorb calcium. • It provides waterproofing for our skin and other boundary layers within our bodies. • It helps our brains and nerve cells conduct electricity. The brain is 15 percent cholesterol by dry weight, a higher proportion than any other organ in our bodies. • It’s the precursor to numerous hormones, called steroid hormones. These include the well-known sex hormones testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol—which give us energy. And there are dozens more, including the supplements many people buy for health and performance enhancement, such as DHEA and adrenal extracts. Doctors know all this, but the