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General Wound Cleaning
Note: A rescuer should wash his or her hands and put on protective gloves and protective eyewear before cleaning an open wound.
All wounds acquired in a wilderness environment should be regarded as contaminated and, therefore, require cleansing to prevent infection and promote healing. There are three effective methods of wound cleaning available to the WFR: You can scrub, irrigate, and debride.
Scrubbing: Disinfectants (such as isopropyl alcohol, povidone-iodine, and hydrogen peroxide) and soaps and detergents should not be put directly into wounds because they can damage viable tissue and may actually increase the incidence of wound infection. These substances may be used to scrub around a wound prior to wound cleaning, with soap and water working as well as anything else.
Irrigating: The most effective and practical method of removing bacteria and debris from a wound involves using a high-pressure irrigation syringe. Irrigation syringes that supply adequate pressure are available commercially in quality first-aid kits. Without an irrigation syringe, you can put water in a plastic bag, punch a pinhole in the bag, and squeeze the water out forcefully, or you can melt a pinhole in the center of the lid of a water bottle with a hot needle and squeeze the water out forcefully. These and other improvised methods are not nearly as effective as an irrigation syringe, but they may be the best you can do. Simply rinsing or soaking a wound is inadequate to remove bacteria. The cleanest water available, most preferably water disinfected for drinking, should be used for irrigating. The tip of the irrigating device should be held 1 to 2 inches above the wound surface, and the plunger of the syringe forcefully depressed. Be sure to tilt the wound to irrigate contaminants out and away from the wound. The volume of irrigation fluid required varies with the size of the wound and the degree of contamination, but plan on using at least a half liter of water.
Note: Wound irrigation is the single most important factor in preventing infection.
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Buck Tilton (Wilderness First Responder: How to Recognize, Treat, and Prevent Emergencies in the Backcountry)