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Digitization: Germany fell asleep on the job. According to the Digital Economy and Society Index, in 2022—one year after Merkel left office—Germany sits literally just above the EU average, and Lithuania, Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Malta, Spain, Luxemburg, Estonia, Austria, Slovenia, and France are all doing better. German administrative bodies still work largely in analog mode, with pen and paper. Internet access and cell phone coverage is poor. As the newsmagazine Der Spiegel put it: “Germany is a FAX machine.” And if Angela Merkel had had her way, the Chinese state-owned company Huawei would have won the contract to expand the German 5G network.
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