“
Some women do not masturbate for pleasure; they masturbate to make a political statement: to remind us that women do not really need men (or at least not as much and as frequently as every single male chauvinist and every single misogynist believes).
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana (On Masturbation: A Satirical Essay)
“
It was masturbation, not willpower, that made it possible for gazillions of women to walk down the aisle with their reputation and their hymen still intact.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana (On Masturbation: A Satirical Essay)
“
That’s the point. This healthy-feeling time now just feels like a tease. Like I’m in this holding pattern, flying in smooth circles within sight of the airport, in super-comfortable first class. But I can’t enjoy the in-flight movie or free chocolate chip cookies because I know that before the airport is able to make room for us, the plane is going to run out of fuel, and we’re going to crash-land into a fiery, agonizing death.
”
”
Jessica Verdi (My Life After Now)
“
Shame is the demon that keeps many of us trapped in our pain; healing comes when we gain the courage to confront our demon(s).
”
”
J'son M. Lee (One Family's AIDS)
“
Some women have been faking orgasms for so long that they sometimes fake one when they are masturbating.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana (On Masturbation: A Satirical Essay)
“
I could go into their reality any time I chose to, but they could never come into mine. This is what I called 'helping' them.
”
”
Agnostic Zetetic
“
A man cannot really be called (sexually) confident if he has never bought his woman a vibrator.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana (On Masturbation: A Satirical Essay)
“
A big fear of mine is that I will die before the gender professionals acknowledge that someone like me exists, and then I really won't exist to prove them wrong.
”
”
Lou Sullivan (We Both Laughed in Pleasure: The Selected Diaries of Lou Sullivan)
“
Opioids are now on pace to kill as many Americans in a decade as HIV/AIDS has since it began, with leveling-off projections tenuously predicted in a nebulous, far-off future: sometime after 2020.
”
”
Beth Macy (Dopesick: Dealers, Doctors, and the Drug Company that Addicted America)
“
We live in a completely interdependent world, which simply means we can not escape each other. How we respond to AIDS depends, in part, on whether we understand this interdependence. It is not someone else's problem. This is everybody's problem.
”
”
Bill Clinton
“
No one is spared from it
”
”
Santosh Avvannavar (Black, Grey and White)
“
Listen, I wanted to say, I don't need your judgment, okay? I have enough to deal with without you contributing, so can we just get on with this so I can get out of here?
But I couldn't form the words. Dr. Johnson viewed me as a child, and somehow, under his contemptuous gaze, I had regressed to one. I was frightened and shy, and it was all I could do to answer his questions and count the seconds until the end of the visit.
”
”
Jessica Verdi (My Life After Now)
“
Some people are so sexually unattractive that the thought of masturbating turns them off.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana (On Masturbation: A Satirical Essay)
“
Most if not all sexually active people do not really love having sex; they merely love experiencing an orgasm every now and then.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana (On Masturbation: A Satirical Essay)
“
I didn't want this man touching me in those places. It wasn't that he was being inappropriate, it was just more that he obviously didn't view me as a person, let alone a scared person with actual feelings. He just saw me as yet another scientific specimen there for his own experimenting. I squeezed my eyes shut, cringing the entire time.
”
”
Jessica Verdi (My Life After Now)
“
May we each find in ourselves the courage we forgot we have, to see the beauty we forgot is inside us, while battling the demons we forgot we can slay, on a battlefield we forgot we can win.
”
”
Agnostic Zetetic
“
Globally, millions of married men and women engage the services
of sex workers each year. Despite growing health concerns about
the increased risk of STDs and HIV AIDS this trade continues to
blossom, leading to the premature termination of several lives and
the dissolution of several marriages.
”
”
Oche Otorkpa
“
It really hasn't hit me that I am about to die. I see the grief around me, but inside I feel serene and a certain kind of peace. My whole life I've wanted to be a gay man and it's kind of an honor to die from the gay men's disease.
”
”
Lou Sullivan (We Both Laughed in Pleasure: The Selected Diaries of Lou Sullivan)
“
Lupin’s condition of lycanthropy (being a werewolf) was a metaphor for those illnesses that carry a stigma, like HIV and AIDS. All kinds of superstitions seem to surround blood-borne conditions, probably due to taboos surrounding blood itself. The wizarding community is as prone to hysteria and prejudice as the Muggle one, and the character of Lupin gave me a chance to examine those attitudes. Remus’s
”
”
J.K. Rowling (Short Stories from Hogwarts of Heroism, Hardship and Dangerous Hobbies (Pottermore Presents, #1))
“
One of the Big Ideas in this book is that fungi, especially fungi from old-growth forests, may be sources of new medicines that are active against a range of germs, including HIV/AIDS and the causative agents of smallpox and anthrax, potential bioterrorist threats.
”
”
Paul Stamets (Mycelium Running: How Mushrooms Can Help Save the World)
“
A planet without AIDS is possible, but to create that planet we must
do away with the vestiges of the old planet where testing positive to
the HIV virus effectively relegates an individual to the subclass of
Human society
”
”
Oche Otorkpa (The Unseen Terrorist)
“
We’re all just people making decisions and accepting consequences as we march toward an impending and inevitable death.
”
”
Agnostic Zetetic
“
The heavy warlike losses of the AIDS years were relegated to queer studies classrooms, taught as gay history and not American history.
”
”
Alysia Abbott (Fairyland: A Memoir of My Father)
“
Coco Chanel is said to have said that a girl should be two things: who and what she is. I say a girl should do two things: what and who she wants.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana (On Masturbation: A Satirical Essay)
“
Some men do not know the father of 'their' children.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana (On Masturbation: A Satirical Essay)
“
Our society has made it extremely difficult for those living
with the virus to declare their status
”
”
Oche Otorkpa (The Unseen Terrorist)
“
The primary goal of a righteous parent who has a daughter is to minimize the number of boys and men for whom their daughter will have willingly opened her legs come her wedding day; the closer to zero, the more righteous they will seem.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana (On Masturbation: A Satirical Essay)
“
One is that if women’s sexuality in Africa wasn’t under assault, if women were able to say no, if women weren’t subject to predatory attacks by men, or predatory behavior generally, then you would have a disease in Africa called AIDS. But you wouldn’t have a pandemic.
”
”
Stephen Lewis
“
AIDS would have claimed fewer lives if we had publicly recommended what I wish to call ‘The Presumption of Sickness,’ i.e., the principle that whomever we are about to sleep with is HIV-positive until proven HIV-negative.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana
“
The stigmatization and the excruciating pains of social alienation
have compelled most victims to conceal their status while the
malevolent ones continue to distribute the virus free of charge to
unsuspecting men and women
”
”
Oche Otorkpa (The Unseen Terrorist)
“
The Postman rings twice, but the Insurance man rings until he collects"-Scott G. Brown
”
”
Scott G. Brown
“
it's not a death sentence anymore
it's not death anymore
it's more
it's a sentence
a sentence
”
”
Danez Smith (Don't Call Us Dead)
“
HIV is free, why pay for it
”
”
Oche Otorkpa (The Unseen Terrorist)
“
Viruses have no morality, no sense of good and evil, the deserving or the undeserving.... AIDS is not the swift sword with which the Lord punishes the evil practitioners of male homosexuality and intravenous drug use. It is simply an opportunistic virus that does what it has to do to stay alive.
”
”
Chris Crutcher (King of the Mild Frontier: An Ill-Advised Autobiography)
“
some years later, that he had “faith,” then add, “I also have faith in penicillin, rifampin, isoniazid, and the good absorption of the fluoroquinolones, in bench science, clinical trials, scientific progress, that HIV is the cause of every case of AIDS, that the rich oppress the poor, that wealth is flowing in the wrong direction, that this will cause more epidemics and kill millions. I have faith that those things are true, too. So if I had to choose between lib theo, or any ology, I would go with science as long as service to the poor went along with it. But I don’t have to make that choice, do I?
”
”
Tracy Kidder (Mountains Beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a Man Who Would Cure the World)
“
It’s a fact: black people in this country die more easily, at all ages, across genders. Look at how young black men die, and how middle-aged black men drop dead, and how black women are ravaged by HIV/AIDS. The numbers graft to poverty but they also graph to stresses known and invisible. How did we come here, after all? Not with upturned chins and bright eyes but rather in chains, across a chasm. But what did we do? We built a nation, and we built its art.
”
”
Elizabeth Alexander (The Light of the World)
“
Did you know that only a tiny minority of viruses cause illness in humans? No one knows how many viruses there are, but their real role, when you get right down to it, is to aid in mutations, to create diversity among life forms. I've read a lot of books on the subject-when you don't need much sleep you have a lot of time to read-and I can tell you that if it weren't for viruses, mankind would never have evolved on this planet. Some viruses get right inside the DNA and change your genetic code, did you know that? And no one can say for sure that HIV, for example, won't one day prove to have been rewriting our genetic code in a way that's essential to our survival as a race. I'm a man who consciously commits murders and scares the hell out of people and makes them reconsider everything, so I'm definitely malignant, yet I think I play a necessary role in this world.
”
”
Ryū Murakami (In the Miso Soup)
“
The Gautama Buddha instructs me to walk away from illness. But he wasn't attached to a drip.
”
”
Derek Jarman
“
Crystal, do you like being a white girl?
”
”
Randolph Randy Camp (Wet Matches)
“
Unlike wealth, fame makes it easier for some men and more difficult for some to sleep around.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana
“
With regards to getting laid and getting AIDS: Being interesting can be an interesting guy’s downfall.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana
“
Is the drive to refuse gay blood a fear of contracting HIV/AIDS, or is it an embodiment of the irrational fear that receiving blood from gay people will somehow make them gay?
”
”
Christina Engela (Inanna Rising: Women Forged in Fire)
“
I have blogged previously about the dangerous and deadly effects of science denialism, from the innocent babies unnecessarily exposed to deadly diseases by other kids whose parents are anti-vaxxers, to the frequent examples of how acceptance of evolution helps us stop diseases and pests (and in the case of Baby Fae, rejection of evolution was fatal), to the long-term effects of climate denial to the future of the planet we all depend upon. But one of the strangest forms of denialism is the weird coalition of people who refuse to accept the medical fact that the HIV virus causes AIDS. What the heck? Didn’t we resolve this issue in the 1980s when the AIDS condition first became epidemic and the HIV virus was discovered and linked to AIDS? Yes, we did—but for people who want to deny scientific reality, it doesn’t matter how many studies have been done, or how strong the scientific consensus is. There are a significant number of people out there (especially among countries and communities with high rates of AIDS infections) that refuse to accept medical reality. I described all of these at greater length in my new book Reality Check: How Science Deniers Threaten our Future.
”
”
Donald R. Prothero
“
Imagine for a moment that 10 million children were going to lose their lives next year due to the earth's overheating. A state of emergency would be declared and you would be reading about little else. Well, next year, more than 10 million children's lives will be lost unnecessarily to extreme poverty and you'll hear very little about it. Nearly half will be on the continent of Africa, where HIV/AIDS is killing teachers faster than you can train them and where you can witness entire villages in which chilren are the parents... Will American Christians stand by as an entire country dies?
--Bono
”
”
Vernon Brewer (Children of Hope)
“
The only real problem came with a track called ‘The Last Song’. Bernie’s lyrics were about a man dying of AIDS being reconciled with his estranged father, who had excommunicated him when he found out he was gay. They were beautiful, but I just couldn’t cope with singing them. It was just after Freddie’s death. Somewhere in Virginia, I knew Vance Buck was dying, too. Every time I tried to get the vocal down, I started crying. Eventually I managed it and ‘The Last Song’ was subsequently used as the finale of And the Band Played On, a docudrama about the discovery of, and the fight against, HIV.
”
”
Elton John (Me)
“
Stupid arbitrary shit means it will take a movie star to die and a hemophiliac teenager to die before ordinary people start to mobilize, start to feel that the disease needs to be stopped. Tens of thousands of people will die before drugs are made and drugs are approved. What a horrible feeling that is, to know that if the disease had primarily affected PTA presidents, or priests, or white teenage girls, the epidemic would have been ended years earlier, and tens of thousands, if not hundreds of thousands, of lives would have been saved
”
”
David Levithan (Two Boys Kissing)
“
It is a fortunate fluke for us that HIV, the AIDS agent, isn’t among them – at least not yet. Any HIV the mosquito sucks up on its travels is dissolved by the mosquito’s own metabolism. When the day comes that the virus mutates its way around this, we may be in real trouble.
”
”
Bill Bryson (A Short History of Nearly Everything)
“
How many thousands
of stories like yours
have been told
and forgotten how many
stories of lovingly durable nurses
of hospital sheets of IV tubes
dripping saline and morphine
How many stories of drugs
that would haul you
along in their wake for a while
but finally
let you sink
”
”
Mark Bibbins (13th Balloon)
“
A typical line of thought went something like this: I am anxious. The anxiety makes it impossible to concentrate. Because it is impossible to concentrate, I will make an unforgivable mistake at work. Because I will make an unforgivable mistake at work, I will be fired. Because I will be fired, I will not be able to pay my rent. Because I will not be able to pay my rent, I will be forced to have sex for money in an alley behind Fenway Park. Because I will be forced to have sex for money in an alley behind Fenway Park, I will contract HIV. Because I will contract HIV, I will develop full-blown AIDS. Because I will develop full-blown AIDS, I will die disgraced and alone.
”
”
Daniel B. Smith (Monkey Mind: A Memoir of Anxiety)
“
Some men would not still be HIV negative or alive, if they had managed to sleep with some of the women with whom they want or wanted to have sex.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana
“
Some women would not have contracted an STD or STDs had they not been on the pill.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana
“
Being HIV positive doesn’t necessarily mean that you are going to die before each and every person who is HIV negative.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana
“
Some people have contracted HIV during their separate endeavours to give someone or some people a curable STD.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana
“
Remember—as hard as this seems to you now, it's nothing compared to what our patients are facing.
”
”
M.K. Czerwiec (Taking Turns: Stories from HIV/AIDS Care Unit 371)
“
Unprotected sex is often a subconscious attempt to commit delayed assisted suicide.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana
“
Because of things such as drugs and alcohol, countless people, most of whom are female, do not know that they were once raped, many of them more than once.
”
”
Mokokoma Mokhonoana
“
Continuum was a magazine that denied the existence of HIV/AIDS. It stopped publication in 2001 after all its editorial staff died of AIDS.
”
”
Michael Gonzalez (Amazing Facts You Don't Know: 1,100 Unbelievable Trivia Facts)
“
One general theory for the origin of AIDS goes that, during the late nineteen-sixties, a new and lucrative business grew up in Africa, the export of primates to industrialized countries for use in medical research. Uganda was one of the biggest sources of these animals. As the monkey trade was established throughout central Africa, the native workers in the system, the monkey trappers and handlers, were exposed to large numbers of wild monkeys, some of which were carrying unusual viruses. These animals, in turn, were being jammed together in cages, exposed to one another, passing viruses back and forth. Furthermore, different species of monkeys were mixed together. It was a perfect setup for an outbreak of a virus that could jump species. It was also a natural laboratory for rapid virus evolution, and possibly it led to the creation of HIV. Did HIV crash into the human race as a result of the monkey trade?
”
”
Richard Preston (The Hot Zone)
“
Strangely, the subsequent AIDS works that have become iconic in our culture rarely mention the movement, or the engaged community of lovers, but both formations were inseparable from the crisis itself. Now, looking back, I fear that the story of the isolated helpless homosexual was one far more palatable to the corporations who control the reward system in the arts.The more truthful story of the American mass - abandoning families, criminal governments, indifferent neighbors - is too uncomfortable and inconvenient to recall. The story of how gay people who were despised, had no rights, and carried the burden of a terrible disease came together to force the country to change against its will, is apparently too implicating to tell. Fake tales of individual heterosexuals heroically overcoming their prejudices to rescue helpless dying men with AIDS was a lot more appealing to the powers that be, but not at all true.
”
”
Sarah Schulman
“
There is something cathartic about what has happened to me during this stay in hospital. I’ve heard others say that coming face to face with your own mortality can have this effect. You look with harsh, savage eyes at the life you are living and resolve to make the best of the time you have left, if you can be allowed the luxury of a few extra years to fulfill your plans. Around me, I see an urgency creep into the lives of friends once they have an AIDS diagnosis: they rush out and try to complete as many life projects as they can, before their health deteriorates.
”
”
David Menadue (Positive: Living with HIV/AIDS)
“
Among the studies conducted by the Center, four assessed smoked marijuana's ability to alleviate neuropathic pain, a notoriously difficult to treat type of nerve pain associated with cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, spinal cord injury and many other debilitating conditions. Each of the trials found that cannabis consistently reduced patients' pain levels to a degree that was as good or better than currently available medications.
”
”
You Are Being Lied To About Series (You Are Being Lied To About: Marijuana)
“
Even the spate of clearly well-intentioned films about AIDS only added to the certainty that gay characters wind up dead by the final reel. After all, in the movies, no one lives with HIV ... perhaps the ultimate stigmatization.
”
”
Robert Dunbar (Vortex)
“
Globally, household air pollution is the leading environmental cause of death and disability, ahead of unsafe water and lack of sanitation, and it is responsible for more premature deaths than HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined.
”
”
Paul Hawken (Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reverse Global Warming)
“
I am not, anymore, a Christian, but I am lifted and opened by any space with prayer inside it. I didn’t know why I was going, today, to stand in the long cool darkness of St. John of the Divine, but my body knew, as bodies do, what it wanted. I entered the oddly small door of the huge space, and walked without hesitating to the altar I hadn’t consciously remembered, a national memorial for those who died of AIDS, marked by banners and placards. My heart melted, all at once, and I understood why I was there. Because the black current the masseuse had touched wanted, needed, to keep flowing. I’d needed to know I could go on, but I’d also been needing to collapse. Which is what I did, some timeless tear span of minutes sitting on the naked gray stone. A woman gave me the kind of paper napkins you get with an ice cream cone. It seemed to me the most genuine of gifts, made to a stranger: the recognition of how grief moves in the body, leaving us unable to breathe, helpless, except for each other.
”
”
Mark Doty (Heaven's Coast: A Memoir)
“
Jabez would have continued to lament in sorrow until he died with no hope of amend, if he was unwilling to change that predicaments through prayer. A person is helpless until he prays. Your situation remains when you don’t pray and disappear when you pray aright. Cancers can break off by prayers, HIV and AIDS can be handled in prayers. The horrors of abusive relationship can be dissolved by prayer. Every challenges of your life can be arrested by prayers. No condition is permanent when prayer is invoked.
”
”
Evang Emmanuel Itodo (THE PRAYER OF JABEZ: A passionate appeal to God in prayer for instant turn around)
“
And there’s one other matter I must raise. The epidemic of domestic sexual violence that lacerates the soul of South Africa is mirrored in the pattern of grotesque raping in areas of outright conflict from Darfur to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in areas of contested electoral turbulence from Kenya to Zimbabwe. Inevitably, a certain percentage of the rapes transmits the AIDS virus. We don’t know how high that percentage is. We know only that women are subjected to the most dreadful double jeopardy.
The point must also be made that there’s no such thing as the enjoyment of good health for women who live in constant fear of rape. Countless strong women survive the sexual assaults that occur in the millions every year, but every rape leaves a scar; no one ever fully heals.
This business of discrimination against and oppression of women is the world’s most poisonous curse. Nowhere is it felt with greater catastrophic force than in the AIDS pandemic. This audience knows the statistics full well: you’ve chronicled them, you’ve measured them, the epidemiologists amongst you have disaggregated them. What has to happen, with one unified voice, is that the scientific community tells the political community that it must understand one incontrovertible fact of health: bringing an end to sexual violence is a vital component in bringing an end to AIDS.
The brave groups of women who dare to speak up on the ground, in country after country, should not have to wage this fight in despairing and lonely isolation. They should hear the voices of scientific thunder. You understand the connections between violence against women and vulnerability to the virus. No one can challenge your understanding. Use it, I beg you, use it.
”
”
Stephen Lewis
“
November 2, 1984 was an especially tragic day in the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/AIDS epidemic. That was the day Anthony Fauci became the Director of the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (NIAID). (Good Intentions p.128) It was the day a thin-skinned, physically ultra-diminutive man with a legendary Napoleonic attitude was positioned by destiny to become the de facto AIDS Czar. In the fog of culpability that constitutes what could be called "Holocaust II" one thing is clear: the buck, on its way to the very top of the government, at least pauses at the megalomaniac desk of Anthony Fauci.
”
”
Charles Ortleb (Fauci: The Bernie Madoff of Science and the HIV Ponzi Scheme that Concealed the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Epidemic)
“
This one adult could have died from AIDS with little notice....He could have transmitted the virus to his wife and offspring. His infected wife (or girlfriend) could have given birth in a Swedish barrack to a child who was HIV infected but seemingly healthy. Unsterilized needles and syringes could have spread the virus from child to child.
”
”
Malcolm Gladwell (The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference)
“
There is a disease that is out there. It spread faster than rumors. More deadly than nuclear weapon. More dangerous than Ebola , AIDS and HIV combined. This disease is called double standards. Many are suffering and dying because of double standards. It makes people overlook reality and facts, but concentrate on lies, hate and propaganda. Be true to yourself -
”
”
D.J. Kyos (The Theory of 46 Be's)
“
these glaring disparities, about how those with the most access within the movement set the agenda, contribute to the skewed media portrait, and overwhelmingly fail at funneling resources to those most marginalized. My awakening pushed me to be more vocal about these issues, prompting uncomfortable but necessary conversations about the movement privileging middle- and upper-class cis gay and lesbian rights over the daily access issues plaguing low-income queer and trans youth and LGBT people of color, communities that carry interlocking identities that are not mutually exclusive, that make them all the more vulnerable to poverty, homelessness, unemployment, HIV/AIDs, hyper-criminalization, violence, and so much more.
”
”
Janet Mock (Redefining Realness: My Path to Womanhood, Identity, Love & So Much More)
“
As for my own answers to any of this? I have none. I'm far more confused than before I first went. I've had no great epiphanies, no profound realisations, but since returning home I've resigned myself to this one thing: that, putting the economics and politics of it all aside - naive as that may be - what it all boils down to is individuals. It's a simple interaction between just two people: one, a person with opportunities and choices, and who could get a flight out tomorrow should they choose; the other, a person with few options - if any. If nothing else, it's a gesture. An attempt. Food and a tent for Toto. Burns dressing for Jose. A little operating theatre with car batteries and boiled instruments, where Roberto can ply his trade. Free HIV treatment for Elizabeth, who'll never be cured and will always live in a hut anyway, but who'll have a longer, healthier life because of it. And sometimes it's little more than a bed in which to die peacefully, attended to by family and health workers... but hey, that's no small thing in some parts.
My head says it's futile.
My heart knows differently.
”
”
Damien Brown (Band-Aid for a Broken Leg)
“
For instance,” said Alan, “we’re now learning that the smallpox pandemics of the Middle Ages, not the plague, mind you, but smallpox, left generations of people with a rare genetic defect that protects them against infection by HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. We estimate that approximately one percent of people descended from northern Europeans are virtually immune to HIV infection.
”
”
Brad Thor (Blowback (Scot Harvath, #4))
“
To his fans at Our House, he was a symbol that having HIV or AIDS did not mean that you had to go hide in exile. You could stay in the game, be social, snatch trophies and *live.* The literature about HIV that I read and shared, by gay men for gay men, emphasized a focus on living with HIV, rather than on dying. But that was all theoretical, just words, until they could see it in practice.
”
”
Ruth Coker Burks (All The Young Men)
“
The reality of AIDS in America is that gay men of color-finding no home in either their birth communities or the highly commercialized, white gay world-represent the majority of HIV infection in America. The time
has come for the gay community to take responsibility for reaching these gay men as gay men, insisting that their lives are as important as the first group of gay men lost to AIDS in the 1980s.
”
”
Patrick Moore (Beyond Shame: Reclaiming the Abandoned History of Radical Gay Sexuality)
“
reconstructions of that period is the fact that subsequently Gallo’s so-called French co-discoverer, Luc Montagnier, had surprisingly indicated that HIV was actually not sufficient to cause AIDS. Montagnier had uncovered evidence that bacteria called mycoplasmas are necessary to stimulate HIV, making mycoplasmas at least a co-factor of AIDS, and possibly even more important than HIV, raising the scandalous question of whether HIV was even the cause of AIDS. Root
”
”
Charles Ortleb (Peter Duesberg and the Duesbergians: How a Brave and Brilliant Group of Scientists Challenged the AIDS Establishment and Inadvertently Exposed the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Epidemic)
“
Just as Rolland and I know that together with our team, God has given us the nation of Mozambique, our dear friends Brian and Pamela Jourden know that the Lord has a great revival to birth in Zimbabwe and across Africa. Many prophetic words have been released over their lives, and financial miracles grow their ministry. When they started Generation Won/Iris Zimbabwe in 2008, Zimbabwe had gone from being one of the most prosperous nations in Africa, called the “breadbasket of Africa,” to being the poorest nation in the world. God spoke to them that Zimbabwe, which means house of stones, was like the stone the builders rejected, Jesus, but it would become a cornerstone nation, just as Jesus is the chief cornerstone, and a house of prayer for all nations. They have over twenty churches among three tribes, and they have seen HIV/AIDS and cancer miraculously healed as they preach the gospel. God is also opening doors with national leaders.
”
”
Heidi Baker (Birthing the Miraculous: The Power of Personal Encounters with God to Change Your Life and the World)
“
We have commoditized wellness & creativity, and so gay men are up against these much larger contexts that aren't particularly conducive to the strongest, healthiest, most holistic approaches. Access to basic healthcare, and a healthcare system that is not homophobic and that is responsive to the needs of gay men, would radically change the pressures and therefore the opoprtunities for those of us who work primarily within the HIV/AIDS sector of healthcare, whether in research, programming and cultural production, or advocacy.
Similarly with the arts: if we had sufficient and adequate funding for community-based arts programming--of all kinds, not just related to gay men and HIV--then it wouldn't seem so shocking and misappropriated to allocate some of those funds for gay men to tell their stories. So it's in this larger, structural context that we gt forced into very painful conversations about prioritizing of funding, or what's most important, and it's always a reductive conversation because of limited resources. --Patrick "Pato" Hebert
”
”
Mattilda Bernstein Sycamore (Why Are Faggots So Afraid of Faggots?: Flaming Challenges to Masculinity, Objectification, and the Desire to Conform)
“
Without money of my own, I had no doctors, no hormones, no surgeries. Without money of my own, I had no independence, no control over my life and my body. No one person forced me or my friends into the sex trade; we were groomed by an entire system that failed us and a society that refused to see us. No one cared about or accounted for us. We were disposable, and we knew that. So we used the resources we had—our bodies—to navigate this failed state, doing dirty, dangerous work that increased our risk of HIV/AIDS, criminalization, and violence.
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Janet Mock (Redefining Realness: My Path to Womanhood, Identity, Love & So Much More)
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This extends beyond MLMs, of course, to the white women wellness space. Take a gander at Goop, Gwyneth Paltrow's wellness brand. Celebrities have a knack for convincing women that they can afford the designer lifestyle and all the products that go with it, and it will make their lives better. Goop has made headlines for selling vagina crystals and co-opting controversial doctors (ones who argue that HIV doesn't cause AIDS, for example). Many find that the health benefits of their products don't quite match up to what they sell, and why would they? Goop's goal isn't health - the goal is to make Gwyneth Paltrow richer.
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Emily Lynn Paulson (Hey, Hun: Sales, Sisterhood, Supremacy, and the Other Lies Behind Multilevel Marketing)
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AIDS education taught us the importance of protecting our bodies from contact with other bodies, and this seems to have bred another kind of insularity, a preoccupation with the integrity of the individual immune system. Building, boosting, and supplementing one’s personal immune system is a kind of cultural obsession of the moment. I know mothers who believe this is a viable substitute for vaccination, and who understand themselves as raising children with superior immune systems. But children with superior immune systems can still pass disease. Pertussis, like polio and Hib disease and HIV, can be carried without symptoms.
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Eula Biss (On Immunity: An Inoculation)
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Yes, our social and economic circumstances shape decisions we make about all sorts of things in life, including sex. Sometimes they rob us of the power to make any decisions at all. But of all human activity, sex is among the least likely to fit neatly into the blueprint of rational decision making favoured by economists. To quote my friend Claire in Istanbul, sex is about 'conquest, fantasy, projection, infatuation, mood, anger, vanity, love, pissing off your parents, the risk of getting caught, the pleasure of cuddling afterwards, the thrill of having a secret, feeling desirable, feeling like a man, feeling like a woman, bragging to your mates the next day, getting to see what someone looks like naked and a million-and-one-other-things.' When sex isn't fun, it is often lucrative, or part of a bargain which gives you access to something you want or need.
If HIV is spread by 'poverty and gender equality', how come countries that have plenty of both, such as Bangladesh, have virtually no HIV? How come South Africa and Botswana, which have the highest female literacy and per capita incomes in Africa, are awash with HIV, while countries that score low on both - such as Guinea, Somalia, Mali, and Sierra Leone - have epidemics that are negligible by comparison? How come in country after country across Africa itself, from Cameroon to Uganda to Zimbabwe and in a dozen other countries as well, HIV is lowest in the poorest households, and highest in the richest households? And how is it that in many countries, more educated women are more likely to be infested with HIV than women with no schooling?
For all its cultural and political overtones, HIV is an infectious disease. Forgive me for thinking like an epidemiologist, but it seems to me that if we want to explain why there is more of it in one place than another, we should go back and take a look at the way it is spread.
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Elizabeth Pisani (The Wisdom of Whores: Bureaucrats, Brothels, and the Business of AIDS)
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It would be a mistake to imagine that drug companies are the only people applying pressure for fast approvals. Patients can also feel they are being deprived of access to drugs, especially if they are desperate. In fact, in the 1980s and 1990s the key public drive for faster approvals came from an alliance forged between drug companies and AIDS activists such as ACT UP. At the time, HIV and AIDS had suddenly appeared out of nowhere, and young, previously healthy gay men were falling ill and dying in terrifying numbers, with no treatment available. We don’t care, they explained, if the drugs that are currently being researched for effectiveness might kill us: we want them, because we’re dying anyway. Losing a couple of months of life because a currently unapproved drug turned out to be dangerous was nothing, compared to a shot at a normal lifespan. In an extreme form, the HIV-positive community was exemplifying the very best motivations that drive people to participate in clinical trials: they were prepared to take a risk, in the hope of finding better treatments for themselves or others like them in the future. To achieve this goal they blocked traffic on Wall Street, marched on the FDA headquarters in Rockville, Maryland, and campaigned tirelessly for faster approvals.
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Ben Goldacre (Bad Pharma: How Drug Companies Mislead Doctors and Harm Patients)
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The disaster, as Dad and others saw it, was the emerging AIDS crisis and the cultural attacks instigated by conservative against gay men and women in the early 1980s. It was found in the cruel indifference of President Ronald Reagan, who wouldn’t publicly address the epidemic until the end of his second term, after twenty thousand Americans had died, and the hostile rhetoric of conservatives close to Reagan like Jerry Falwell, founder of the Moral Majority, and Pat Buchanan, Reagan’s future speechwriter. In 1983, Buchanan wrote of AIDS, “The poor homosexuals–they have declared war upon nature, and now nature is extracting an awful retribution.
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Alysia Abbott (Fairyland: A Memoir of My Father)
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Some diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, have slid down the list, but among the diseases whose incidence has increased the most over the past generation is chronic kidney disease. The number of deaths has doubled.14 This has been blamed on our “meat-sweet” diet.15 Excess table sugar and high-fructose corn syrup consumption is associated with increased blood pressure and uric acid levels, both of which can damage the kidney. The saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol found in animal products and junk food are also associated with impaired kidney function, and meat protein increases the acid load to the kidneys, boosting ammonia production and potentially damaging our sensitive kidney cells.16 This is why a restriction of protein intake is often recommended to chronic kidney disease patients to
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Michael Greger (How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease)
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My Voice
by
Paul Stephen Lynch
Why was I born? What is my purpose here on this earth? Is there more out there after this life ends? At some point we all ask ourselves these questions. I can tell you with absolute certainty that for me, the answer to all three of these questions is… “I don’t know”. However, what I do know is that while I am here I am meant to learn from my mistakes, to grow through my pain, and to evolve. What will I be changed into? Again, I do not know. Perhaps I will become someone who is more courageous, more charitable, more peaceful, more dignified, more honest and more loving. I am very hopeful but nothing in life is guaranteed. Although, I have discovered that speaking from my heart and telling my truth is an integral part of my transformation. It is my voice.
In those times in my life when I have experienced great pain – sadness, loss, conflict or depression – those have been the times that have brought me closest to this transformation. I recently realized that pain is one of the few things that seems to really get my attention and that I have spent a lot of my time just coasting down life’s path. Perhaps this is the reason why I seem to grow the most during the hard times, even though it often takes all the energy I can muster just to get through them.
Quite a few years ago, while I was visiting a friend who was dying from AIDS, I saw a tapestry on the hospital wall that read:
The Chinese word for “crisis” has two characters.
One stands for danger; the other for opportunity.
The times in my life that have been the most difficult have quite often proven to be my best opportunities for growth; to get closer to becoming the person I am meant to be. Of course, this doesn’t mean that painful circumstances ~ like HIV and AIDS ~ are good things or that they are in any way “all for the best” ~ or, that they even make any kind of sense. It just means that I know that there is always the possibility that something positive can ultimately come out of that which is incredibly bad. However, change does not happen in seclusion and I will likely need help from friends, family, teachers and even from people I do not know at all
For me to continue moving closer to becoming the person I was born to be, I first needed to accept who I am. For me, that was relatively easy (easy does not mean painless mind you) and it happened at the unusually young age of twelve. The second step to transforming my life means I need to tell others the truth about who I am. I have been doing this ever since my personal acceptance occurred. As a result, I have learned that there will always be those people who cannot be trusted with the truth. There are also those who will simply never be able to understand my truth no matter what anyone says to them. However, others will hear the truth very clearly, understand it completely, and even care greatly. Moreover, I can hear, I understand, and I care.
I have also learned that there are times when it is better to be silent. Sometimes words are just not necessary… Like when I am sharing with someone who already knows my heart. And then there are times when words are pointless… like when I have already spoken my truth to someone, yet they are simply not capable of hearing what it is that I am saying. This is when I need to find other ears. Sometimes, a silent sign of love is the best way, or even the only way that I can express myself. However, at those times, my silence is a choice that I am making. It is not being forced on me by fear or shame… and I will never let it be because… it is MY voice!
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Paul S. Lynch
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Diseases of the future, needless to say, are a matter of high concern to public health officials and scientists. There’s no reason to assume that AIDS will stand unique, in our time, as the only such global disaster caused by a strange microbe emerging from some other animal. Some knowledgeable and gloomy prognosticators even speak of the Next Big One as an inevitability. (If you’re a seismologist in California, the Next Big One is an earthquake that drops San Francisco into the sea, but in this realm of discourse it’s a vastly lethal pandemic.) Will the Next Big One be caused by a virus? Will the Next Big One come out of a rainforest or a market in southern China? Will the Next Big One kill 30 or 40 million people? The concept by now is so codified, in fact, that we could think of it as the NBO. The chief difference between HIV-1 and the NBO may turn out to be that HIV-1 does its killing so slowly. Most other new viruses work fast.
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David Quammen (Spillover: the powerful, prescient book that predicted the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic.)
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Now the hurt, angry and scared little boy was easy to spot behind the mawkish facade. Carol and I made calls and got Raleigh admitted to a halfway house where he could stay temporarily. I called Fred Goodson and had him come see Raleigh and bring him into their newly formed support group. Though we had given Raleigh information about TAP and the support group, it had probably been too much to expect him to follow up on his own. In putting Raleigh under Fred’s care, I had as secure a feeling as if I had put him in professional therapy. Joyce, my secretary at the VA, explored a job-training possibility for Raleigh.
What had happened to Raleigh was a forceful reminder to me that there was a lot I could do, a lot I had to do, for our patients even if we had no therapy for HIV. I could no longer sit and be the consultant and pontificate over the progression (or lack thereof) of the disease; I was providing primary care, total care for this group of patients, whether I liked it or not.
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Abraham Verghese (My Own Country: A Doctor's Story)
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Social science now tells us that if we can take indigent girls between the ages of 10 and 14 and give them a basic education, we can change the fabric of an entire community. If we can capture them in that fleeting window, great social advances can be achieved. Give enough young girls an education and per capita income will go up; infant mortality will go down; the rate of economic growth will increase; the rate of HIV/AIDS infection will fall. Child marriages will be less common; child labor, too. Better farming practices will be put into place, which means better nutrition will follow, and overall family health in that community will climb. Educated girls, as former World Bank official Barbara Herz has written, tend to insist that their children be educated. And when a nation has smaller, healthier, better-educated families, economic productivity shoots up, environmental pressures ease, and everyone is better-off. As Lawrence Summers, a former Harvard University president, put it: “Educating girls may be the single highest return investment available in the developing world.” Why is that? Well, you can make all the interpretations you like; you can posit the gendered arguments; but the numbers do not lie.
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Elizabeth Gilbert (The Best American Travel Writing 2013)
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In March 2002, the National Academy of Sciences, a private, nonprofit society of scholars, released a high-profile report documenting the unequivocal existence of racial bias in medical care, which many thought would mark a real turning point. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care was so brutal and damning that it would seem impossible to turn away. The report, authored by a committee of mostly white medical educators, nurses, behavioral scientists, economists, health lawyers, sociologists, and policy experts, took an exhaustive plunge into more than 480 previous studies. Because of the knee-jerk tendency to assume that health disparities were the end result of differences in class, not race, they were careful to compare subjects with similar income and insurance coverage. The report found rampant, widespread racial bias, including that people of color were less likely to be given appropriate heart medications or to undergo bypass surgery or receive kidney dialysis or transplants. Several studies revealed significant racial differences in who receives appropriate cancer diagnostic tests and treatments, and people of color were also less likely to receive the most sophisticated treatments for HIV/AIDS. These inequities, the report concluded, contribute to higher death rates overall for Black people and other people of color and lower survival rates compared with whites suffering from comparable illnesses of similar severity.
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Linda Villarosa (Under the Skin)
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George W. Bush’s initiative to fight AIDS around the world, the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), saved millions of lives in Africa and elsewhere. From the program’s launch in 2003 to the time Bush left office, the number of HIV-infected people in Africa getting proper treatment went from fewer than fifty thousand to two million. 19 His efforts didn’t go unnoticed by the people of the African continent. When President Bush took a farewell tour of Africa near the end of his second term, massive crowds of grateful Africans cheered for him. 20 Despite massive spending increases spearheaded by Obama, he cut funding for PEPFAR21 and deprived hundreds of thousands of people around of treatment. This inexplicable decision had a devastating effect on Africa, where most AIDS deaths occur. 22 The AIDS Healthcare Foundation was highly critical of Obama’s cuts, which came after he had promised to expand the fight against AIDS months earlier: “This latest action merely confirms what people with HIV/ AIDS and their advocates have long suspected—the President simply is not committed to fighting global AIDS. Coming on the heels of the President’s flowery rhetoric last December, the cynicism is simply breathtaking,” said Michael Weinstein, President of AIDS Healthcare Foundation, which provides free HIV/ AIDS medical care to over 125,000 people in 26 countries abroad. 23 The lesson for Africans: American friendship was fickle and patronizing and they couldn’t trust our promises. And we wonder why ISIS propaganda was so attractive to North Africans.
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Matt Margolis (The Worst President in History: The Legacy of Barack Obama)
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But we have, if not our understanding, our own experience, and it feels to me sealed, inviolable, ours. We have a last, deep week together, because Wally is not on morphine yet, because he has just enough awareness, just enough ability to communicate with me. I’m with him almost all day and night- little breaks, for swimming, for walking the dogs. Outside it snows and snows, deeper and deeper; we seem to live in a circle of lamplight. I rub his feet, make him hot cider. All week I feel like we’re taking one another in, looking and looking. I tell him I love him and he says I love you, babe, and then when it’s too hard for him to speak he smiles back at me with the little crooked smile he can manage now, and I know what it means. I play music for him, the most encompassing and quiet I can find: Couperin, Vivaldi, the British soprano Lesley Garret singing arias he loved, especially the duet from Lakme: music of freedom, diving, floating. How can this be written? Shouldn’t these sentences simply be smithereened apart, broken in a hurricane?
All that afternoon he looks out at us though a little space in his eyes, but I know he sees and registers: I know that he’s loving us, actively; if I know nothing else about this man, after nearly thirteen years, I know that. I bring all the animals, and then I sit there myself, all afternoon, the lamps on. The afternoon’s so quiet and deep it seems almost to ring, like chimes, a cold, struck bell. I sit into the evening, when he closes his eyes.
There is an inaudible roaring, a rush beneath the surface of things, beneath the surface of Wally, who has now almost no surface- as if I could see into him, into the great hurrying current, that energy, that forward motion which is life going on.
I was never this close to anyone in my life. His living’s so deep and absolute that it pulls me close to that interior current, so far inside his life. And my own. I know I am going to be more afraid than I have ever been, but right now I am not afraid. I am face to face with the deepest movement in the world, the point of my love’s deepest reality- where he is most himself, even if that self empties out into no one, swift river hurrying into the tumble of rivers, out of individuality, into the great rushing whirlwind of currents. All the love in the world goes with you.
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Mark Doty (Heaven's Coast: A Memoir)
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Gejala HIV HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) adalah virus yang merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh, dengan menginfeksi dan menghancurkan sel CD4. Semakin banyak sel CD4 yang dihancurkan, kekebalan tubuh akan semakin lemah, sehingga rentan diserang berbagai penyakit.
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Infeksi HIV yang tidak segera ditangani akan berkembang menjadi kondisi serius yang disebut AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). AIDS adalah stadium akhir dari infeksi virus HIV. Pada tahap ini, kemampuan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi sudah hilang sepenuhnya.
Sampai saat ini belum ada obat untuk menangani HIV dan AIDS. Akan tetapi, ada obat untuk memperlambat perkembangan penyakit tersebut, dan dapat meningkatkan harapan hidup penderita.
Tipe HIV
Virus HIV terbagi menjadi 2 tipe utama, yaitu HIV-1 dan HIV-2. Masing-masing tipe terbagi lagi menjadi beberapa subtipe. Pada banyak kasus, infeksi HIV disebabkan oleh HIV-1, 90% di antaranya adalah HIV-1 subtipe M. Sedangkan HIV-2 diketahui hanya menyerang sebagian kecil individu, terutama di Afrika Barat.
Infeksi HIV dapat disebabkan oleh lebih dari 1 subtipe virus, terutama bila seseorang tertular lebih dari 1 orang. Kondisi ini disebut dengan superinfeksi. Meski kondisi ini hanya terjadi kurang dari 4% penderita HIV, risiko superinfeksi cukup tinggi pada 3 tahun pertama setelah terinfeksi.
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HIV dan AIDS di Indonesia
Berdasarkan data Kementerian Kesehatan RI, selama tahun 2016 terdapat lebih dari 40 ribu kasus infeksi HIV di Indonesia. Dari jumlah tersebut, HIV paling sering terjadi pada heteroseksual, diikuti lelaki seks lelaki (LSL), dan pengguna NAPZA suntik (penasun). Di tahun yang sama, lebih dari 7000 orang menderita AIDS, dengan jumlah kematian lebih dari 800 orang.
Data terakhir Kemenkes RI menunjukkan, pada rentang Januari hingga Maret 2017 saja sudah tercatat lebih dari 10.000 laporan infeksi HIV, dan tidak kurang dari 650 kasus AIDS di Indonesia.
Gejala HIV dibagi dalam beberapa tahap. Tahap pertama adalah tahap infeksi akut, dan terjadi pada beberapa bulan pertama setelah seseorang terinfeksi HIV. Pada tahap ini, sistem kekebalan tubuh orang yang terinfeksi membentuk antibodi untuk melawan virus HIV.
Pada banyak kasus, gejala pada tahap ini muncul 1-2 bulan setelah infeksi terjadi. Penderita umumnya tidak menyadari telah terinfeksi HIV. Hal ini karena gejala yang muncul mirip dengan gejala penyakit flu, serta dapat hilang dan kambuh kembali. Perlu diketahui, pada tahap ini jumlah virus di aliran darah cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu, penyebaran infeksi lebih mudah terjadi pada tahap ini.
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Gejala HIV
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W ogólnoświatowej medycynie najczęściej obcina się środki na choroby nowotworowe, AIDS, stany terminalne. Narodowa Rada Etyki przy portugalskim ministerstwie zdrowia zarekomendowała niedawno ograniczenie kosztów farmakoterapii, w tym ograniczenie dostępu do drogich leków stosowanych w chorobach nowotworowych, reumatoidalnym zapaleniu stawów oraz HIV/AIDS. Dokument powstał na zlecenie resortu zdrowia w związku z rosnącymi kosztami w leczeniu tych chorób. Inaczej niż w Polsce w innych państwach europejskich jest spore przyzwolenie społeczne na rezygnację z leczenia niektórych chorób. Badania przeprowadzone w Norwegii na grupie 1,5 tys. osób między 40 a 57 rokiem życia wykazały, że Norwegowie sceptycznie zapatrują się na publiczne finansowanie leczenia chorób rzadkich, adresując ten problem do fundacji i organizacji charytatywnych.
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Anonymous
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Fighting makes us feel alive, until it kills us. If it doesn’t kill us, the pain of sitting alone with ourselves, quietly, under constant assault by our own thoughts and memories of war can easily be enough to make us wish we’d died in battle instead.
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Agnostic Zetetic
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The epidemic of HIV and AIDS, the largest in Eastern Europe and Eurasia, is even more worrisome. Registered cases in 2012 numbered more than seven hundred thousand, up from fewer than half a million as recently as 2008, but no such figure can be trusted in a country that blamed the Pentagon for AIDS during the Cold War. Experts say the real rate is at least double the official number—and growing, thanks largely to the use of heroin, which is also rapidly spreading. Although AIDS is the third leading cause of premature death—compared to the twenty-third in the United States—Moscow no longer accepts funding from the United Nations UNAIDS program or other international organizations because it sees itself as a donor country, not a recipient of help. However, the government doesn’t finance programs that had been until recently supported by foreign agencies.10 Insufficient funding for known cases of AIDS virtually guarantees that patients receive generally inferior treatment, and poor people get by far the worst from the badly fraying social services and healthcare system. The United Nations places Russia seventy-first in the world in human development, after Albania and just above Macedonia. (Norway is first; the United States thirteenth.)
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Gregory Feifer (Russians: The People behind the Power)
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Gejala Awal Hingga Lanjut Penyakit HIV AIDS Pada Wanita HIV merupakan penyakit menakutkan ini masih salah satu penyebab utama kematian di antara laki-laki dan perempuan dan berkembang dan negara maju. Virus HIV mungkin ditularkan dari satu orang ke orang lain melalui darah, alat kelamin, cairan ASI yang terinfeksi dan darah, sperma pria yang terinfeksi. Penularan virus ini dapat terjadi selama transfusi darah, hubungan seks tanpa alat pengaman atau dapat ditularkan melalui jarum suntik. selama kehamilan dan menyusui, seorangg wanita yang terinfeksi kemungkinan akan menularkan virus ke anak.
Gejala Awal Hingga Lanjut Penyakit HIV AIDS Pada Wanita
AIDS merupakan tahap akhir penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh HIV yang dapat infeksi pada sistem organ tubuh termasuk otak sehingga menyebabkan rusaknya sistem kekebalan tubuh. Gejala HIV AIDS tidak begitu saja langsung timbul. berikut kita akan jelaskan berbagai macam obat hiv yang bisa diperoleh dari tanaman-tanaman sekitar kita. selain itu obat hiv ini juga alami dan tanpa efek samping.
Gejala Awal Hingga Lanjut Penyakit HIV AIDS Pada Wanita Pemerintah kita memang sejak tahun 2005 sudah menyediakan obat HIV yang disubsidi penuh (cuma-cuma). Ini sejalan dengan anjuran WHO agar orang dengan HIV yang memerlukan obat ini dapat menggunakannya dengan mudah. Semula obat HIV yang digunakan di Indonesia merupakan obat impor, tetapi sejak tahun 2004 telah diproduksi sendiri oleh perusahaan pemerintah Kimia Farma. Manfaat obat HIV yang dikenal sebagai obat antiretroviral (ARV) cukup banyak. Obat ini jika digunakan secara teratur akan dapat menurunkan angka kematian, mengurangi keperluan penderita dirawat di rumah sakit, memulihkan kekebalan tubuh yang rendah, menekan berkembangbiaknya HIV, dan tak kalah pentingnya mengurangi risiko penularan.
PENGERTIAN HIV
HIV adalah kependekan dari Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Virus ini menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh. Virus ini melemahkan kemampuan tubuh dalam melawan infeksi dan penyakit. Virus ini menyerang manusia dan menyerang sistem kekebalan (imunitas) tubuh, sehingga tubuh menjadi lemah dalam melawan infeksi. Dengan kata lain, kehadiran virus ini dalam tubuh akan menyebabkan defisiensi (kekurangan) sistem imun. AIDS adalah stadium akhir dari infeksi virus HIV. Dengan diagnosis HIV dini dan penanganan yang efektif, pengidap HIV tidak akan berubah menjadi AIDS. AIDS adalah stadium akhir dari infeksi virus HIV. Pada tahap ini, kemampuan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi sudah hilang sepenuhnya.
SEBERAPA CEPAT HIV BISA BERKEMBANG MENJADI AIDS
Gejala Awal Hingga Lanjut Penyakit HIV AIDS Pada Wanita Lamanya dapat bervariasi dari satu individu dengan individu yang lain. Dengan gaya hidup sehat, jarak waktu antara infeksi HIV dan menjadi sakit karena AIDS dapat berkisar antara 10-15 tahun, kadang-kadang bahkan lebih lama. Terapi antiretroviral dan Pengobatan Herbal dapat memperlambat perkembangan AIDS dengan menurunkan jumlah virus (viral load) dalam tubuh yang terinfeksi.Belum ada obat untuk menyembuhkan infeksi HIV, tapi ada pengobatan yang bisa memperlambat perkembangan penyakit. Perawatan ini bisa membuat orang yang terinfeksi untuk hidup lebih lama dan bisa menjalani pola hidup sehat. Ada berbagai macam jenis obat yang dikombinasikan untuk mengendalikan virus.
Obat-obatan Darurat Awal HIV
Jika merasa atau mencurigai baru saja terkena virus dalam rentan waktu 3×24 jam, obat anti HIV bisa mencegah terjadinya infeksi. Obat ini bernama post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) atau di Indonesia dikenal sebagai profilaksis pasca pajanan. Profilaksis adalah prosedur kesehatan yang bertujuan mencegah daripada mengobati.
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Kenali Ciri HIV dan AIDS Pada Wanita Berikut Ini
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Orang yang baru saja terinfeksi HIV akan mengalami gejala seperti penyakit flu. Ini terjadi selama kurang lebih satu bulan hingga dua bulan setelah terinfeksi. Gejala awal yang muncul seperti demam, tenggorokan sakit, dan munculnya ruam. Tapi, beberapa orang yang menderita HIV tidak merasakan tanda dan gejala selama bertahun-tahun.Hanya dengan menjalani tes HIV, kita bisa tahu pasti apakah kita terinfeksi atau tidak.
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Makin cepat HIV terdeteksi, maka tingkat keberhasilan pengobatan akan lebih tinggi. Jika Anda merasa berisiko terinfeksi HIV, konsultasikan kepada dokter atau klinik kesehatan terdekat. Jangan menunda penanganan setelah Anda tahu telah terinfeksi HIV. Jika terlambat, virus bisa dengan cepat menyebar ke dalam sistem kekebalan tubuh. Hal ini bisa mengganggu kesehatan Anda. Anda juga bisa menghindari penyebaran virus kepada orang-orang terdekat atau pun kepada orang lain.
Melakukan Tes HIV/AIDS
Untuk menguji apakah kita terinfeksi HIV, satu tes yang paling umum adalah tes darah. Darah akan diperiksa di laboratorium. Tes ini berfungsi untuk menemukan antibodi terhadap HIV di dalam darah. Tapi, tes darah ini baru bisa dipercaya jika dilakukan setidaknya sebulan setelah terinfeksi HIV, karena antibodi terhadap HIV tidak terbentuk langsung setelah infeksi awal. Antibodi terhadap HIV butuh waktu sekitar dua minggu hingga enam bulan, sebelum akhirnya muncul di dalam darah.
Masa antara infeksi HIV dan terbentuknya antibodi yang cukup untuk menunjukkan hasil tes positif disebut sebagai “masa jendela”. Pada masa ini, seseorang yang terinfeksi HIV sudah bisa menularkan virus ini, meski dalam tes darah tidak terlihat adanya antibodi terhadap HIV dalam darah. Salah satu cara mendiagnosis HIV selain dengan tes darah adalah Tes “Point of care”. Pada tes ini, sampel liur dari mulut atau sedikit tetes darah dari jari akan diambil, dan hasilnya akan keluar hanya dalam beberapa menit.
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Sebelum seseorang diberikan diagnosis yang pasti, perlu dilakukan beberapa kali tes untuk memastikan. Hal ini dikarenakan masa jendela HIV cukup lama. Jadi, hasil tes pertama yang dilakukan belum tentu bisa dipercaya. Lakukan tes beberapa kali jika Anda merasa berisiko terinfeksi HIV. Jika dinyatakan positif HIV, beberapa tes harus dilakukan untuk memerhatikan perkembangan infeksi. Setelah itu, barulah bisa diketahui kapan harus memulai pengobatan terhadap HIV.
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Obat HIV
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Penyebab HIV AIDS disebabkan oleh human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV yang masuk ke dalam tubuh akan menghancurkan sel CD4. Sel CD4 adalah bagian dari sel darah putih yang melawan infeksi. Semakin sedikit sel CD4 dalam tubuh, maka semakin lemah pula sistem kekebalan tubuh seseorang.
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Penularan HIV terjadi saat darah, sperma, atau cairan vagina dari seseorang yang terinfeksi masuk ke dalam tubuh orang lain. Hal ini dapat terjadi melalui berbagai cara, antara lain:
Hubungan seks. Infeksi HIV dapat terjadi melalui hubungan seks baik melalui vagina maupun dubur (anal). Meskipun sangat jarang, HIV juga dapat menular melalui seks oral. Akan tetapi, penularan lewat seks oral hanya akan terjadi bila terdapat luka terbuka di mulut penderita, misalnya seperti gusi berdarah atau sariawan.
Berbagi jarum suntik. Berbagi penggunaan jarum suntik dengan penderita HIV, adalah salah satu cara yang dapat membuat seseorang tertular HIV. Misalnya menggunakan jarum suntik bersama saat membuat tato, atau saat menggunakan NAPZA suntik.
Transfusi darah. Penularan HIV dapat terjadi saat seseorang menerima donor darah dari penderita HIV.
Selain melalui berbagai cara di atas, HIV juga bisa menular dari ibu hamil ke janin yang dikandungnya. Virus HIV juga dapat menular pada proses melahirkan, atau melalui air susu ibu saat proses menyusui.
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Perlu diketahui, HIV tidak menyebar melalui kontak kulit seperti berjabat tangan atau berpelukan dengan penderita HIV. Penularan juga tidak terjadi melalui ludah, kecuali bila penderita mengalami sariawan, gusi berdarah, atau terdapat luka terbuka di mulut.
Faktor Risiko AIDS
HIV bisa menginfeksi semua orang dari segala usia. Akan tetapi, risiko tertular HIV lebih tinggi pada pria yang tidak disunat, baik pria heteroseksual atau lelaki seks lelaki. Risiko tertular HIV juga lebih tinggi pada individu dengan sejumlah faktor, di antaranya:
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Hubungan seks tanpa mengenakan kondom. Risiko penularan akan lebih tinggi melalui hubungan seks anal, dan hubungan seks dengan berganti pasangan. Menderita infeksi menular seksual. Sebagian besar infeksi menular seksual menyebabkan luka terbuka di kelamin penderita, sehingga meningkatkan risiko tertular HIV. Berbagi suntikan. Pengguna NAPZA suntik umumnya berbagi jarum suntik dalam menggunakan narkoba.
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Penyebab HIV
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Cara Mengobati HIV Meskipun sampai saat ini belum ada obat untuk menyembuhkan HIV, namun ada jenis obat yang dapat memperlambat perkembangan virus. Jenis obat ini disebut antiretroviral (ARV). ARV bekerja dengan menghilangkan unsur yang dibutuhkan virus HIV untuk menggandakan diri, dan mencegah virus HIV menghancurkan sel CD4. Beberapa jenis obat ARV, antara lain:
Efavirenz
Etravirine
Nevirapine
Lamivudin
Zidovudin
Selama mengonsumsi obat antiretroviral, dokter akan memonitor jumlah virus dan sel CD4 untuk menilai respons pasien terhadap pengobatan. Hitung sel CD4 akan dilakukan tiap 3-6 bulan. Sedangkan pemeriksaan HIV RNA dilakukan sejak awal pengobatan, dilanjutkan tiap 3-4 bulan selama masa pengobatan.
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Pasien harus segera mengonsumsi ARV begitu didiagnosis menderita HIV, agar perkembangan virus HIV dapat dikendalikan. Menunda pengobatan hanya akan membuat virus terus merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh dan meningkatkan risiko penderita HIV terserang AIDS. Selain itu, penting bagi pasien untuk mengonsumsi ARV sesuai petunjuk dokter. Melewatkan konsumsi obat akan membuat virus HIV berkembang lebih cepat dan memperburuk kondisi pasien.
Bila pasien melewatkan jadwal konsumsi obat, segera minum begitu ingat, dan tetap ikuti jadwal berikutnya. Namun bila dosis yang terlewat cukup banyak, segera bicarakan dengan dokter. Dokter dapat mengganti resep atau dosis obat sesuai kondisi pasien saat itu.
Pasien HIV juga dapat mengonsumsi lebih dari 1 obat ARV dalam sehari. Karena itu, pasien perlu mengetahui efek samping yang timbul akibat konsumsi obat ini, di antaranya:
Diare.
Mual dan muntah.
Mulut kering.
Kerapuhan tulang.
Kadar gula darah tinggi.
Kadar kolesterol abnormal.
Kerusakan jaringan otot (rhabdomyolysis).
Penyakit jantung.
Pusing.
Sakit kepala.
Sulit tidur.
Tubuh terasa lelah.
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Jika Anda memiliki HIV dan hamil, berkonsultasilah dengan dokter yang memiliki pengalaman tentang pengobatan HIV. Tanpa pengobatan, sekitar 25 dari 100 bayi yang lahir dari ibu dengan HIV juga terinfeksi. Namun, penggunaan obat-obatan HIV, operasi Caesar, tidak menyusui dapat mengurangi risiko penularan menjadi kurang dari 2 dari 100.
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Cara Mengobati HIV
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Pencegahan HIV Sampai saat ini, belum ada vaksin yang dapat mencegah infeksi HIV. Meskipun demikian, infeksi dapat dicegah dengan beberapa langkah berikut:
Gunakan kondom yang baru tiap berhubungan seks, baik seks melalui vagina atau melalui dubur. Bila memilih kondom berpelumas, pastikan pelumas yang berbahan dasar air. Hindari kondom dengan pelumas yang berbahan dasar minyak, karena dapat membuat kondom bocor. Untuk seks oral, gunakan kondom yang tidak berpelumas.
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Hindari berhubungan seks dengan lebih dari satu pasangan.
Beri tahu pasangan bila Anda positif HIV, agar pasangan Anda menjalani tes HIV.
Diskusikan kembali dengan dokter bila Anda didiagnosis positif HIV dalam masa kehamilan, mengenai penanganan selanjutnya dan perencanaan persalinan, untuk mencegah penularan dari ibu ke janin.
Bagi pria, disarankan bersunat untuk mengurangi risiko infeksi HIV.
Segera ke dokter bila menduga baru saja terinfeksi virus HIV, misalnya karena berhubungan seks dengan penderita HIV. Dokter dapat meresepkan obat post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), untuk dikonsumsi selama 28 hari. Obat PEP adalah kombinasi 3 obat antiretroviral, yang dapat mencegah perkembangan infeksi HIV. Meskipun demikian, terapi dengan PEP harus dimulai maksimal 3 hari setelah infeksi virus terjadi.
Apa saja perubahan gaya hidup atau pengobatan rumahan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi HIV dan AIDS?
Berikut gaya hidup dan pengobatan rumahan yang dapat membantu Anda mengatasi HIV/AIDS:
Mempertahankan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang kuat dengan pemeriksaan medis yang teratur dan gaya hidup sehat
Makan dengan baik
Cukup istirahat dan berolahraga
Hindari obat-obatan terlarang termasuk alkohol dan tembakau
Pelajari cara mengelola stres secara efektif
Jika Anda positif HIV, Anda dapat menularkan virus ke orang lain meskipun Anda tidak menampilkan gejala apapun. Lindungi diri Anda dan orang lain, cegah penyebaran HIV dengan:
Selalu menggunakan kondom untuk seks vagina, oral, atau anal
Jangan berbagi jarum atau peralatan obat lainnya
Beri tahu orang-orang yang mungkin terkena cairan tubuh Anda, seperti dokter, dokter gigi atau pembersih gigi.
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Jika Anda memiliki HIV dan hamil, berkonsultasilah dengan dokter yang memiliki pengalaman tentang pengobatan HIV. Tanpa pengobatan, sekitar 25 dari 100 bayi yang lahir dari ibu dengan HIV juga terinfeksi. Namun, penggunaan obat-obatan HIV, operasi Caesar, tidak menyusui dapat mengurangi risiko penularan menjadi kurang dari 2 dari 100.
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Pencegahan HIV