“
It is evident that wealth is even more unevenly distributed than income and
that the gap is widening. Since 1976, wealth has increased by 63 percent for the
wealthiest 1 percent of the population and by 71 percent for the top 20 percent.
Wealth has decreased by 43 percent for the bottom 40 percent of the U.S. population (Economic Policy Institute 2011). The widening gap has multiple causes.
First, shifts in the U.S. tax code have lowered the top tax rate from 91 percent
in the years from 1950 to 1963, to 35 percent from 2003 to 2012, allowing the
wealthy to retain far more of their income (Tax Policy Center 2012). Second,
wages for most U.S. families have stagnated since the early 1970s. Moreover,
credit card, education, and mortgage debt have skyrocketed. Finally, the collapse
of the housing market beginning in 2007 dramatically affected many middleclass families who held a significant portion of their wealth in the value of their
home. By 2012, fully 31 percent of all homeowners owed more on their mortgages than their homes were worth (Zillow 2012).
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Kenneth J. Guest (Cultural Anthropology: A Toolkit for a Global Age)