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signs of religion, the Pharisee self-righteously thanked God that he was not a sinner like other men. In contrast, the tax collector bowed his head and beat his chest, saying, βGod be merciful to me, a sinner!β (v.I3) It was the tax collector who was justified, according to Jesus, because βeveryone who exalts himself will be humbled, but he who humbles himself will be exaltedβ (v.I4).
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