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Women with consumption were believed to become more beautiful, ethereal, and wondrously pure. As Charlotte Brontë put it in a letter she wrote as her sister was dying of the disease, “Consumption, I am aware, is a flattering malady.” Patients with active tuberculosis typically become pale and thin with rosy cheeks and wide sunken eyes due to the low blood oxygenation and fevers that often accompany the disease, and these all became signals of beauty and value in Europe and the United States. Henry David Thoreau wrote in his journal, “Disease and decay are often beautiful—like the pearly tear of the shellfish or the hectic glow of consumption.” Phthisis was deeply associated with feminine beauty in Northern Europe. Small, waifish bodies can now seem so associated with beauty (and health!) that it can feel innate or instinctual to find smaller bodies more attractive than larger ones. But that’s not inherent to humanity (and indeed was not a significant bias of humanity until relatively recently). That said, it’s important to note that the idealization of the small body did not mean the end of consumptive stigmatization. Once again, we see the commingling of romance and stigma in the way women’s bodies are imagined, sometimes within a single sentence, as when one eighteenth-century magazine extolled the virtues of a consumptive body type: “The beauty of women is greatly owing to their delicacy, or weakness.” One romantic word to describe the beauty standard—delicacy—followed by a stigmatizing one—weakness.
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John Green (Everything Is Tuberculosis: The History and Persistence of Our Deadliest Infection)