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Individuals whose alter egos journey in this way—which a pastor of the ancient duchy of Oldenburg considers an unfortunate destiny,29 recalling the words of Burchard de Worms concerning werewolves—have various names in the German dialects: schrottel,30 in which the notion of malice survives; schreckli, which transcribes as “provoked fear”; and a collection of other terms that closely associate nightmare and witchcraft, such as Trude (Drude), Drudenmensch, and Alp, all current names for nightmare; Walriderske, “She who rides the stick”; Hexe, “witch”; and Marriden, “the riding ma(h)r,” a synonym of witch. By way of comparison, we can note that Hungarian uses lidércnyomas, a word composed from lidérc, “nightmare”; and nyomas, a term of unknown etymology—and that pressing or squeezing is almost always the principle function of witches.31 The lidérc partially corresponds to the Romanian zburăor, “who is born out of fear or terror, out of vexation or wrath, of bad humors, worry, boredom, and great joy,”32 which says a great deal about the role of the psyche in these phenomena and beliefs. In Lithuania we meet the slogutis (plural slogucĭai), “She who oppresses dreamers.”33
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Claude Lecouteux (Witches, Werewolves, and Fairies: Shapeshifters and Astral Doubles in the Middle Ages)