β
Reading list (1972 edition)[edit]
1. Homer β Iliad, Odyssey
2. The Old Testament
3. Aeschylus β Tragedies
4. Sophocles β Tragedies
5. Herodotus β Histories
6. Euripides β Tragedies
7. Thucydides β History of the Peloponnesian War
8. Hippocrates β Medical Writings
9. Aristophanes β Comedies
10. Plato β Dialogues
11. Aristotle β Works
12. Epicurus β Letter to Herodotus; Letter to Menoecus
13. Euclid β Elements
14. Archimedes β Works
15. Apollonius of Perga β Conic Sections
16. Cicero β Works
17. Lucretius β On the Nature of Things
18. Virgil β Works
19. Horace β Works
20. Livy β History of Rome
21. Ovid β Works
22. Plutarch β Parallel Lives; Moralia
23. Tacitus β Histories; Annals; Agricola Germania
24. Nicomachus of Gerasa β Introduction to Arithmetic
25. Epictetus β Discourses; Encheiridion
26. Ptolemy β Almagest
27. Lucian β Works
28. Marcus Aurelius β Meditations
29. Galen β On the Natural Faculties
30. The New Testament
31. Plotinus β The Enneads
32. St. Augustine β On the Teacher; Confessions; City of God; On Christian Doctrine
33. The Song of Roland
34. The Nibelungenlied
35. The Saga of Burnt NjΓ‘l
36. St. Thomas Aquinas β Summa Theologica
37. Dante Alighieri β The Divine Comedy;The New Life; On Monarchy
38. Geoffrey Chaucer β Troilus and Criseyde; The Canterbury Tales
39. Leonardo da Vinci β Notebooks
40. NiccolΓ² Machiavelli β The Prince; Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy
41. Desiderius Erasmus β The Praise of Folly
42. Nicolaus Copernicus β On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
43. Thomas More β Utopia
44. Martin Luther β Table Talk; Three Treatises
45. FranΓ§ois Rabelais β Gargantua and Pantagruel
46. John Calvin β Institutes of the Christian Religion
47. Michel de Montaigne β Essays
48. William Gilbert β On the Loadstone and Magnetic Bodies
49. Miguel de Cervantes β Don Quixote
50. Edmund Spenser β Prothalamion; The Faerie Queene
51. Francis Bacon β Essays; Advancement of Learning; Novum Organum, New Atlantis
52. William Shakespeare β Poetry and Plays
53. Galileo Galilei β Starry Messenger; Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences
54. Johannes Kepler β Epitome of Copernican Astronomy; Concerning the Harmonies of the World
55. William Harvey β On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals; On the Circulation of the Blood; On the Generation of Animals
56. Thomas Hobbes β Leviathan
57. RenΓ© Descartes β Rules for the Direction of the Mind; Discourse on the Method; Geometry; Meditations on First Philosophy
58. John Milton β Works
59. MoliΓ¨re β Comedies
60. Blaise Pascal β The Provincial Letters; Pensees; Scientific Treatises
61. Christiaan Huygens β Treatise on Light
62. Benedict de Spinoza β Ethics
63. John Locke β Letter Concerning Toleration; Of Civil Government; Essay Concerning Human Understanding;Thoughts Concerning Education
64. Jean Baptiste Racine β Tragedies
65. Isaac Newton β Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy; Optics
66. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz β Discourse on Metaphysics; New Essays Concerning Human Understanding;Monadology
67. Daniel Defoe β Robinson Crusoe
68. Jonathan Swift β A Tale of a Tub; Journal to Stella; Gulliver's Travels; A Modest Proposal
69. William Congreve β The Way of the World
70. George Berkeley β Principles of Human Knowledge
71. Alexander Pope β Essay on Criticism; Rape of the Lock; Essay on Man
72. Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu β Persian Letters; Spirit of Laws
73. Voltaire β Letters on the English; Candide; Philosophical Dictionary
74. Henry Fielding β Joseph Andrews; Tom Jones
75. Samuel Johnson β The Vanity of Human Wishes; Dictionary; Rasselas; The Lives of the Poets
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Mortimer J. Adler (How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading)
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And let them first pray together, that so they may associate in peace.
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Benedict of Nursia (The Rule of Saint Benedict)
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Temperament is fixed, set. The skull, followed by the temperament: the two hardest parts of the body. Follow your temperament. It is not a philosophy, It is a rule, like the Rule of St Benedict.
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J.M. Coetzee (Disgrace)
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The sleepy like to make excuses.
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Benedict of Nursia (The Rule of Saint Benedict)
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The spiritual life, in other words, is not achieved by denying one part of life for the sake of another. The spiritual life is achieved only by listening to all of life and learning to respond to each of its dimensions wholly and with integrity.
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Joan D. Chittister (Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today)
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Wherefore let us consider how it behoveth us to be in the sight of God and the angels, and so let us take our part in the psalmody that mind and voice accord together.
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Benedict of Nursia (The Rule of Saint Benedict)
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It is one thing to speak kindly to an irritating stranger on Monday. It is quite another thing to go on speaking kindly to the same irritating relative, or irritating employee, or irritating child day after day, week after week, year after year and come to see in that what God is asking of me, what God is teaching me about myself in this weary, weary moment.
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Joan D. Chittister (Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today)
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Silence is a frightening thing. Silences leaves us at the mercy of the noise within us. We hear the fears that need to be faced. We hear, then, the angers that need to be cooled. We hear the emptiness that needs to be filled. We hear the cries for humility and reconciliation and centeredness. We hear ambition and arrogance and attitudes of uncaring awash in the shallows of the soul. Silence demands answers. Silence invites us to depth. Silence heals what hoarding and running will not touch.
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Joan D. Chittister (Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today)
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War within ourselves is always a prelude to war outside ourselves. All war starts within our own hearts. When our egos are inflated or our desires insatiable, we go to war with the other for the sad joy of maintaining our one-dimensional worlds.
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Joan D. Chittister (Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today)
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Prayer that is regular confounds both self-importance and the wiles of the world. It is so easy for good people to confuse their own work with the work of creation. It is so easy to come to believe that what we do is so much more important than what we are. It is so easy to simply get too busy to grow. It is so easy to commit ourselves to this centuryβs demand for product and action until the product consumes us and the actions exhaust us and we can no longer even remember why we set out to do them in the first place.
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Joan D. Chittister (Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today)
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Let us take part in the psalmody in such a way that our mind may be in harmony with our voice.
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Benedict of Nursia (St. Benedict's Rule for Monasteries: Spiritual Classics)
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Run while you have the light of life, that the darkness of death may overtake you not." (Rule of St. Benedict))
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Frances Greenslade (Shelter)
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In his Rule, St. Benedict wisely writes that "always we begin again.
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Christine Valters Paintner (The Artist's Rule: Nurturing Your Creative Soul with Monastic Wisdom)
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He felt like hearing Mrs. Groganβs prayer again, and so he went to the girlsβ division a little early for his usual delivery of Jane Eyre. He eavesdropped in the hall on Mrs. Groganβs prayer; I must ask her if sheβd mind saying it to the boys, he thought, then wondered if it would confuse the boys coming so quickly on the heels of, or just before, the Princes of Maine, Kings of New England benediction. I get confused myself sometimes, Dr. Larch knew.
βGrant us a safe lodging, and a holy rest,β Mrs. Grogan was saying, βand peace at the last.β
Amen, thought Wilbur Larch, the saint of St. Cloudβs, who was seventy-something, and an ether addict, and who felt that heβd come a long way and still had a long way to go.
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John Irving (The Cider House Rules)
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When God has become a business, though, it is very hard for people to get the confidence to realize that God is really a personal God, a God who touches us as individuals, a God who is as close to us as we choose to see. We have learned well the remoteness of a God who lived for so long behind communion rails and altar steps and seminary doors and chancery desks that the experience of God, however strong, has always been more private secret than public expectation.
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Joan D. Chittister (Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today)
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For Homer Wells, it was different. He did not imagine leaving St. Cloud's. The Princes of Maine that Homer saw, the Kings of New England that he imagined β they reigned at the court of St. Cloud's, they traveled nowhere; they didn't get to go to sea; they never even saw the ocean. But somehow, even to Homer Wells, Dr. Larch's benediction was uplifting, full of hope. These Princes of Maine, these Kings of New England, these orphans of St. Cloud's β whoever they were, they were the heroes of their own lives. That much Homer could see in the darkness; that much Dr. Larch, like a father, gave him.
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John Irving (The Cider House Rules)
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Friendship is the call out of isolation and selfishness in order to teach me how to love and how to serve. But without stability, friendship - real soul-searing friendship, the kind that makes us choose between domination and infatuation and possessiveness and dependence for growth and freedom and depth and responsibility and self-knowledge - is impossible.
Stability is what enables us, in other words, to live totally in God and totally for others.
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Joan D. Chittister (Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today)
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Now, brethren, that we have asked the Lord who it is that shall dwell in His tabernacle, we have heard the conditions for dwelling there; and if we fulfil the duties of tenants, we shall be heirs of the kingdom of heaven. Our hearts and our bodies must, therefore, be ready to do battle under the biddings of holy obedience; and let us ask the Lord that He supply by the help of His grace what is impossible to us by nature. And if, flying from the pains of hell, we desire to reach life everlasting, then, while there is yet time, and we are still in the flesh, and are able during the present life to fulfil all these things, we must make haste to do now what will profit us forever.
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Benedict of Nursia (The Rule of St. Benedict)
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If we intend merely to coast along the low roads, maybe we can do it alone. If we are heading for the mountains, the support of others is indispensable.
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Michael Casey O. C. S. O. (Strangers to the City: Reflections on the Beliefs and Values of the Rule of St. Benedict)
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preoccupation with fantasies of success; exhibitionism and insatiable attention-getting maneuvers;
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Joan D. Chittister (Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today)
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It is time now for us to rise from sleep.
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Benedict of Nursia (Rule of St. Benedict)
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Every religious order has something similar to the Constitutions. Usually itβs called a βrule,β as in the Rule of St. Benedict, which governs life in the Benedictine order. Each rule is a window into the underlying spirituality, or βcharism,β of the religious order. You can learn a great deal about the Benedictines by reading their Rule. And you can learn a lot about Ignatian spirituality by reading the Constitutions. (Technically our βruleβ also includes the original papal documents, issued by Pope Paul III and Pope Julius III, establishing the Jesuits.) For the Jesuit, if the Exercises are about how to live your own life, the Constitutions are about how to live your life with others. The Exercises are about you and God; the Constitutions, at least for Jesuits, are about you, God, and your brother Jesuits.
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James Martin (The Jesuit Guide to (Almost) Everything: A Spirituality for Real Life)
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In an old monastic practice, whenever two or more people were assigned to work on a task, they would first bow to one another and say, "Have patience with me." How different might our work days be if we begin by bowing to our colleagues and they to us, asking, "Have patience with me.
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Judith Valente (How to Live: What the Rule of St. Benedict Teaches Us About Happiness, Meaning, and Community)
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In closing, I offer you this from the prologue to The Rule of St. Benedict, the Rule that started it all, dating to the sixth century: In drawing up its regulations, we hope to set down nothing harsh, nothing burdensome. The good of all concerned, however, may prompt us to a little strictness in order to amend faults and to safeguard love. Do not be daunted immediately by fear and run away from the road that leads to salvation. It is bound to be narrow at the outset. But as we progress in this way of life and in faith, we shall run on the path of Godβs commandments, our hearts overflowing with the inexpressible delight of love.[72]
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John Mark Comer (Practicing the Way: Be with Jesus. Become like him. Do as he did.)
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In his Rule for monastic communities, Benedict of Nursia wrote, βSuch a follower of Christ lives in reverence of him and does not take the credit for a good life but, believing that all the good we do comes from the Lord, gives him the credit and thanksgiving for what his gift brings about in our hearts. In that spirit our prayer from the psalm should be: Not to us, O Lord, not to us give the glory but to your own name. That is St Paulβs example, for he took no credit to himself for his preaching when he said: It is by Godβs grace that I am what I am. And again he says: Let anyone who wants to boast, boast in the Lord.
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Shane Claiborne (Common Prayer: A Liturgy for Ordinary Radicals)
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for beginners. After that, you can set out for
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Joan D. Chittister (Wisdom Distilled from the Daily: Living the Rule of St. Benedict Today)
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The Rule, in making distribution of goods according to needs, warns against the common pitfall that all should receive the same and instead asks for something which demands maturity and understanding on the part of the members of the community. 'We do not imply that there should be favoritism - God forbid! But rather consideration for weaknesses. Whoever needs less should thank God and not be distressed, but whoever needs more should feel humble because of his weakness, not self-important because of the kindness shown him. In this way all the members will be at peace.' Waning fair share is natural and it is only as I grow in maturity, recognizing my own strengths and weaknesses and accepting those of others, that I begin to make any headway in what St Benedict is talking about here.
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Esther de Waal (Seeking God: The Way of St. Benedict)
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St. Benedict's Rule, chapter 16: ββSeven times in the day,β says the Prophet [psalmist], βI have rendered praise to you.β Now that sacred number of seven will be fulfilled by us if we perform the offices of our service at the time of the morning office, of prime, of terce, of sext, of none, of vespers and of compline, since it was of these day hours that he said, βSeven times in the day I have rendered praise to you.β For as to the night office the same Prophet says, βIn the middle of the night I arose to glorify you.
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Scot McKnight (Praying with the Church: Following Jesus Daily, Hourly, Today)
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Without doubt Christian asceticism, both outwardly and in its inner meaning, contains many different things. But it has had a definitely rational character in its highest Occidental forms as early as the Middle Ages, and in several forms even in antiquity. The great historical significance of Western monasticism, as contrasted with that of the Orient, is based on this fact, not in all cases, but in its general type. In the rules of St. Benedict, still more with the monks of Cluny, again with the Cistercians, and most strongly the Jesuits, it has become emancipated from planless otherworldliness and irrational self-torture. It had developed a systematic method of rational conduct with the purpose of overcoming the status naturæ, to free man from the power of irrational impulses and his dependence on the world and on nature. It attempted to subject man to the supremacy of a purposeful will, to bring his actions under constant self-control with a careful consideration of their ethical consequences. Thus it trained the monk, objectively, as a worker in the service of the kingdom of God, and thereby further, subjectively, assured the salvation of his soul.
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Max Weber (The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism)
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Our role in the Church is to reveal the kingdom of heaven; to show others, by our lives, who Jesus is. It did not occur to St Benedict to articulate our calling in those terms, but he would certainly have approved of them. The Rule is a guide for becoming Christlike.
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Erik Varden (Entering the Twofold Mystery: On Christian Conversion)
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Having, therefore, ascended all these degrees of humility, the monk will presently arrive at that love of God which, being perfect, casteth out fear; whereby he shall begin to keep, without labour, and as it were naturally and by custom all those precepts which he had hitherto observed through fear. No longer through dread of hell, but for the love of Christ, and of a good habit and a delight in virtue: which God will vouchsafe to manifest by the Holy Spirit in his labourer, now cleansed from vice and sin.ββRule of St. Benedict
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Ram Dass (Be Here Now)
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The experience of many monks and nuns is that their awareness of the closeness of God occurs as often outside formal prayer as inside it: at work, in caring for others, in admiring the scenery, even in sleep. God will not be organized. If our expectations of prayer are built on the hypothesis of Godβs predictability, our only certainty is that we will be disappointed.
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Michael Casey (Strangers to the City: Reflections on the Beliefs and Values of the Rule of St. Benedict)
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The antithesis of giving thanks is grumbling. The grumblers live in a state of self-induced stress. Like the crew of vineyard workers who had labored from dawn to dusk and felt cheated when latecomers received the same wage (Matt. 20:1β16), they bellyache about the unfairness of life, the paucity of their gifts, the insensitivity of their spouse and employer, the liberals who are destroying the church and the conservatives who have deserted their post, the hot weather and the cold pizza, the greedy rich and the shiftless poor, and their victimization at the hands of the IRS, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and the manufacturers of Viagra. (Small wonder that the stressed-out grumblers are two and a half times more susceptible to colds than grateful people, according to Ohio State virologist Ronald Glaser.) In his Rule for monasteries, St. Benedict considered grumbling a serious offense against community life. He wrote, βIf a disciple grumbles, not only aloud but in his heart β¦ his action will not be accepted with favor by God, who sees that he is grumbling in his heart.β Indicating his fierce opposition to this behavior, he added, βFirst and foremost, there must be
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Brennan Manning (Ruthless Trust: The Ragamuffin's Path to God)
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Benedict understood clearly that the function of leadership is to call us beyond ourselves, to stretch us to our limits, to turn the clay into breathless beauty. But first, of course, we have to allow it to happen.
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Joan D. Chittister (The Rule of Benedict: A Spirituality for the 21st Century (Spiritual Legacy Series))
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Do not be daunted immediately by fear and run away from the road that leads to salvation.
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Benedict of Nursia (The Rule of St. Benedict in English)
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I now know that a βrule of lifeβ is a term for a pattern of communal habits for formation. The most well-known rules of life were originally developed by church fathers and ancient monastics, such as St. Augustine or St. Benedict. But for thousands of years, spiritual communities have been using the frame of the rule of life as a mechanism of communal formation.
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Justin Whitmel Earley (The Common Rule: Habits of Purpose for an Age of Distraction)
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Let us recall that in the first degree of humility our holy Father put us in the presence of God. He wanted us to be permeated with that presence and to make it as habitual as possible. We know that in fact God does not leave us: βwe believe that the divine presence is everywhere.β His look is not a glance from afar; it is a penetrating and attentive look, which extends to good and bad actions alike.
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G.A. Simon (Commentary for Benedictine Oblates: On the Rule of St. Benedict)
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The point is that teaching bears little fruit without example. Holiness by itself is one of the most effective of teachings. We do good far more by what we are than by what we say. βWithout good example,β says Pere Emmanuel, 229 βthe priest can neither act nor speak usefully for souls. He must do good in order to deserve to be the man of God with respect to souls; he must do good in order to have the right to teach the good to others.
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G.A. Simon (Commentary for Benedictine Oblates: On the Rule of St. Benedict)
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very great importance, for it influences our sleep and influences the morrow. It is quite possible for us to consecrate to God even the unconscious moments of slumber. Our last thought is like a seed entrusted silently to the earth: Terra ultro fructificat (The earth gives fruit of itself); while it fades away, its blessed influence sinks slowly into our souls, impregnates them and permeates the whole.
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G.A. Simon (Commentary for Benedictine Oblates: On the Rule of St. Benedict)
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It is a reason why so many who seek holiness or spiritual improvement impose on themselves a strict austerity. And it is why schools and colleges used to emulate the ways of monasteries. The first Christian hermits and monastics who practiced extreme austerity in the desert saw themselves as emulating Jesus during his sojourn in the wilderness. Once monastic life became institutionalized, removing oneself from carnal temptation was a major reason why religiously minded individuals would choose to take vows. The Rule of St. Benedict, set down around the year 530, included commitments to poverty, humility, chastity, and obedience, and this became the paradigm for most Christian monastic orders. The vow of poverty generally involved renouncing all individual property, although the monastic community was allowed to hold property, and of course some monasteries eventually became quite wealthy. But the lifestyle of most monks in the Middle Ages was kept deliberately austere. Here is how Aelred of Rievaulx, writing in the twelfth century, describes it: Our food is scanty, our garments rough, our drink is from the streams and our sleep upon our book. Under our tired limbs there is a hard mat; when sleep is sweetest we must rise at a bellβs bidding.Β .Β .Β . self-will has no scope; there is no moment for idleness or dissipation.4 Strict precautions to eliminate the possibility of sexual encounters, regular searches of dormitories to ensure that no one was hoarding personal property, a rigid and arduous daily routine to occupy to the full oneβs physical and mental energy: by means of this sort monasteries and convents did their best to provide a temptation-free environment. More than a trace of the same thinking lay behind the preference for isolated rural locations among those who sought to establish colleges in nineteenth-century America. Sometimes the argument might be conveyed subtly by a brochure picturing the college surrounded by nothing but fields, woods, and hills, an image that also appealed to the deeply rooted idea that the land was a source of virtue.5 But it was also put forward explicitly. The town of North Yarmouth sought to persuade the founders of Bowdoin College of its advantageous location by pointing out that it was βnot so much exposed to many Temptations to Dissipation, Extravagance, Vanity and Various Vices as great seaport towns frequently are.β6 And the 1847 catalog of Tusculum College, Tennessee, noted that its rural situation βguards it from all the ensnaring and demoralizing influences of a town.β7 Needless to say, reassurances of this sort were directed more at the fee-paying parents than at the prospective students. One should also add that not everyone took such a positive view of the rural campus. Some complained that life far away from urban civilization fostered vulgarity, depravity, licentiousness, and hy
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Emrys Westacott (The Wisdom of Frugality: Why Less Is More - More or Less)