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As slaves we were this country’s first windfall, the down payment on its freedom. After the ruin and liberation of the Civil War came Redemption for the unrepentant South and Reunion, and our bodies became this country’s second mortgage. In the New Deal we were their guestroom, their finished basement. And today, with a sprawling prison system, which has turned the warehousing of black bodies into a jobs program for Dreamers and a lucrative investment for Dreamers; today, when 8 percent of the world’s prisoners are black men, our bodies have refinanced the Dream of being white. Black life is cheap, but in America black bodies are a natural resource of incomparable value.
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Ta-Nehisi Coates (Between the World and Me)
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Refinancing options are considered to optimize a business's financial structure, potentially lowering interest costs and improving overall financial health. But it has to be to the advantage of both the borrower and the lender.
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Hendrith Vanlon Smith Jr.
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the International Monetary Fund basically acted as the world’s debt enforcers—“You might say, the high-finance equivalent of the guys who come to break your legs.” I launched into historical background, explaining how, during the ’70s oil crisis, OPEC countries ended up pouring so much of their newfound riches into Western banks that the banks couldn’t figure out where to invest the money; how Citibank and Chase therefore began sending agents around the world trying to convince Third World dictators and politicians to take out loans (at the time, this was called “go-go banking”); how they started out at extremely low rates of interest that almost immediately skyrocketed to 20 percent or so due to tight U.S. money policies in the early ’80s; how, during the ’80s and ’90s, this led to the Third World debt crisis; how the IMF then stepped in to insist that, in order to obtain refinancing, poor countries would be obliged to abandon price supports on
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David Graeber (Debt: The First 5,000 Years)
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Then it was June and I started to feel like a new woman---not in a new-lease-on-life kind of way, more like a refinanced mortgage.
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Catherine Lacey (Certain American States: Stories)
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Each time a police officer engages us, death, injury, maiming is possible. It is not enough to say that this is true of anyone or more true of criminals. The moment the officers began their pursuit of Prince Jones, his life was in danger. The Dreamers accept this as the cost of doing business, accept our bodies as currency, because it is their tradition. As slaves we were this country’s first windfall, the down payment on its freedom. After the ruin and liberation of the Civil War came Redemption for the unrepentant South and Reunion, and our bodies became this country’s second mortgage. In the New Deal we were their guestroom, their finished basement. And today, with a sprawling prison system, which has turned the warehousing of black bodies into a jobs program for Dreamers and a lucrative investment for Dreamers; today, when 8 percent of the world’s prisoners are black men, our bodies have refinanced the Dream of being white. Black life is cheap, but in America black bodies are a natural resource of incomparable value.
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Ta-Nehisi Coates (Between the World and Me)
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Refinancing involves replacing an existing loan with a new one, often to secure better terms. But it’s a bit of a paradox because to benefit from what may be much needed refinancing, you need to qualify for refinancing.
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Hendrith Vanlon Smith Jr.
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Some of these foreign leaders described Kushner as naive and easily pushed; others said his financial debts and search for refinancing for an underwater Manhattan skyscraper were one route that made him vulnerable to pressure.
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Philip Rucker (A Very Stable Genius: Donald J. Trump's Testing of America)
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Périodiquement, le FMI accorde aux pays surendettés un moratoire temporaire ou un refinancement de leur dette. À condition que le pays surendetté se soumette au plan dit d'ajustement structurel. Tous ces plans comportent la réduction, dans les budgets des pays concernés, des dépenses de santé et de scolarité, et la suppression des subventions aux aliments de base et de l'aide aux familles nécessiteuses.
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Jean Ziegler (Destruction massive : Géopolitique de la faim)
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The sudden introduction of these magic mortgage bonds into the marketplace pushed most every major institutional investor in the world to suddenly become consumed with the desire to lend money to American home borrowers, even if they didn’t know to whom exactly they were lending or how exactly these borrowers were qualifying for their home loans. As a result of this lunatic process, houses in middle- and lower-income neighborhoods from Fresno to the Jersey Shore became jammed full of new home borrowers, millions and millions of them, who in many cases were not equal to the task of making their monthly payments. The situation was tenable so long as housing prices kept rising and these teeming new populations of home borrowers could keep their heads above water, selling or refinancing their way out of trouble if need be. But the instant the arrow began tilting downward, this rapidly expanding death-balloon of phony real estate value inevitably had to—and did—explode.
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Matt Taibbi (The Divide: American Injustice in the Age of the Wealth Gap)
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The Dreamers accept this as the cost of doing business, accept our bodies as currency, because it is their tradition. As slaves we were this country’s first windfall, the down payment on its freedom. After the ruin and liberation of the Civil War came Redemption for the unrepentant South and Reunion, and our bodies became this country’s second mortgage. In the New Deal we were their guestroom, their finished basement. And today, with a sprawling prison system, which has turned the warehousing of black bodies into a jobs program for Dreamers and a lucrative investment for Dreamers; today, when 8 percent of the world’s prisoners are black men, our bodies have refinanced the Dream of being white. Black life is cheap, but in America black bodies are a natural resource of incomparable value.
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Ta-Nehisi Coates (Between the World and Me)
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You often find this difference between different types of investors. Some will tell you that all the value is in driving down the price you pay as low as possible. These investors revel in the transaction itself, in playing with the deal terms, in beating up their opponent at the negotiating table. That has always seemed short term to me. What that thinking ignores is all the value you can realize once you own an asset: the improvements you can make, the refinancing you can do to improve your returns, the timing of your sale to make the most of a rising market. If you waste all your energy and goodwill in pursuit of the lowest possible purchase price and end up losing the asset to a higher bidder, all that future value goes away. Sometimes it’s best to pay what you have to pay and focus on what you can then do as an owner. The returns to successful ownership will often be much higher than the returns on winning a one-off battle over price. At the price I suggested, I calculated that we would lock in a 16 percent annual yield.
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Stephen A. Schwarzman (What It Takes: Lessons in the Pursuit of Excellence)
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Ohio hadn’t gone through the same real estate boom as the Sun Belt, but the vultures had circled the carcasses of dying industrial towns––Dayton, Toledo, Mansfield, Youngstown, Akron––peddling home equity loans and refinancing. All the garbage that blew up in people’s faces the same way subprime mortgages had. A fleet of nouveau riche snake oil salesmen scoured the state, moving from minority hoods where widowed, churchgoing black ladies on fixed incomes made for easy marks to the white working-class enclaves and then the first-ring suburbs. The foreclosures began to crop up and then turn into fields of fast-moving weeds, reducing whole neighborhoods to abandoned husks or drug pens. Ameriquest, Countrywide, CitiFinancial––all those devious motherfuckers watching the state’s job losses, plant closings, its struggles, its heartache, and figuring out a way to make a buck on people’s desperation. Every city or town in the state had big gangrenous swaths that looked like New Canaan, the same cancer-patient-looking strip mall geography with brightly lit outposts hawking variations on usurious consumer credit. Those entrepreneurs saw the state breaking down like Bill’s truck, and they moved in, looking to sell the last working parts for scrap.
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Stephen Markley (Ohio)
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When Joe and I went to meet Goldman’s real estate team, though, we found they had a different view of the risks of this deal. Goldman wanted to bid as low as possible to avoid overpaying. For me, the biggest risk was not offering enough and missing out on a tremendous opportunity. I wanted to make sure we beat Bankers Trust’s expected bid. You often find this difference between different types of investors. Some will tell you that all the value is in driving down the price you pay as low as possible. These investors revel in the transaction itself, in playing with the deal terms, in beating up their opponent at the negotiating table. That has always seemed short term to me. What that thinking ignores is all the value you can realize once you own an asset: the improvements you can make, the refinancing you can do to improve your returns, the timing of your sale to make the most of a rising market. If you waste all your energy and goodwill in pursuit of the lowest possible purchase price and end up losing the asset to a higher bidder, all that future value goes away. Sometimes it’s best to pay what you have to pay and focus on what you can then do as an owner. The returns to successful ownership will often be much higher than the returns on winning a one-off battle over price.
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Stephen A. Schwarzman (What It Takes: Lessons in the Pursuit of Excellence)
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The escalation of home prices that had allowed refinancing to pay off more debt had stopped. With a decline in housing prices, overleveraged borrowers suddenly faced a mounting debt burden—and in the worst cases owed more than the house was worth.
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Patricia Crisafulli (The House of Dimon: How JPMorgan's Jamie Dimon Rose to the Top of the Financial World)
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And today, with a sprawling prison system, which has turned the warehousing of black bodies into a jobs program for Dreamers and a lucrative investment for Dreamers; today, when 8 percent of the world’s prisoners are black men, our bodies have refinanced the Dream of being white. Black life is cheap, but in America black bodies are a natural resource of incomparable value.
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Ta-Nehisi Coates (Between the World and Me)
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Crucially, most of the existing Harrah’s debt did not have to be refinanced. Because it was not secured by any collateral, suddenly Harrah’s could issue senior debt backed by the company’s assets. It would do so in the LBO deal, pushing $4.5 billion of existing debt to the bottom of the totem pole in a $25 billion debt stack. This was cruel. Those existing unsecured bonds crashed in price as they were last in line to be repaid. But the maneuver allowed Apollo and TPG to issue new debt more cheaply. And it illustrated one of the key legal principles that would echo through this case: Debtholders’ relationship with the company remains strictly contractual. Any rights they have must be bargained for and embedded in documents. The management and board of a company, in contrast, have fiduciary duties which dictate that they maximize shareholder value.
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Sujeet Indap (The Caesars Palace Coup: How a Billionaire Brawl Over the Famous Casino Exposed the Corruption of the Private Equity Industry)
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Purchase money mortgages are non-recourse, but refinancings aren’t. And I’ve refinanced the houses several times.
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Dan Webb (No Accident)
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have many such memories, but I’ll never forget a meeting with a young blond Senate banking committee staffer in 2003. After hearing our research presentation, she said with a sad little shake of her head, “the problem was we put these people into houses when we shouldn’t have.” I marveled at the inversion of agency in her phrasing. Who was the “we”? Not the hardworking strivers who had finally gotten their fingers around the American Dream despite every barrier and obstacle. No, the “we” was well-intentioned people in government—undoubtedly white, in her mental map. Never mind that most of the predatory loans we were talking about weren’t intended to help people purchase homes, but rather, were draining equity from existing homeowners. From 1998 to 2006, the majority of subprime mortgages created were for refinancing, and less than 10 percent were for first-time homebuyers. It was still a typical refrain, redolent of long-standing stereotypes about people of color being unable to handle money—a tidy justification for denying them ways to obtain it.
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Heather McGhee (The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together)
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today, when 8 percent of the world’s prisoners are black men, our bodies have refinanced the Dream of being white. Black life is cheap, but in America black bodies are a natural resource of incomparable value.
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Ta-Nehisi Coates (Between the World and Me)
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The Princess Royal Hospital in Bromley was another Innisfree gift to the taxpayer. It will cost the NHS ten times what it is worth—that’s £1.2 billion.16 It’s the main reason why South London Healthcare Trust went bust in 2012. Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital is another PFI part-owned by Innisfree. A few years into the contract, the PFI owners refinanced it, raising their annual rate of return from 16 to 60%. There
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Youssef El-Gingihy (How to Dismantle the NHS in 10 Easy Steps)
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Bruce Mesnekoff Discussing About Refinancing Student Loan and Consolidation
Loan repayment is a major goal for any graduate after college. According to our Expert from Student Loan Help Center, Mr.Bruce Mesnekoff, Every individual dreams of a loan free future and having some financial stability. To achieve this, there are options available to help with loan repayment. In our earlier article we spoke about consolidating student loans. In this article, we will discuss refinancing student loans and its associated advantages.
So Bruce Mesnekoff, how consolidation and refinancing are different in terms?
These two terms are used interchangeably by most people but there is substantial difference between the two. Understanding the difference is critical to know when can each be used and whether it will solve your purpose or not.
Consolidation lets you combine all your student loans into one loan and pay interest at a weighted average. Refinancing is taking a new loan to pay off all your student loans. Refinancing is not available for federal loans but only for private loans.Also only private loan lenders provide the option of refinancing, though a few might provide you with the option of refinancing private and federal loans.
Why Refinancing and Bruce Mesnekoff tells us what are the Advantages of it?
Refinancing has certain benefits if you get good pay.
You will have to pay lesser interest rate. This helps you save monthly and eventually a bigger bank balance down the years.
Your credit score is high which will help you gain multiple offers from lenders with lesser interest rate.
Offers you variable loan interest which come handy if you took loan when interest rates were too high.
You also have the option of decreasing your loan repayment cycle, This will increase monthly repayment amount but you will be loan free in shorter time and will save on even more interest money.
Disadvantages
There is one major disadvantage that comes when you refinance private and federal loans. The benefits offered by federal loans like public loan forgiveness program or income driven repayment will not be transferred to private lenders. So if you are truly confident of your income then you can do away with such options and completely rely on private loans.
So Bruce Mesnekoff , Can you tell us Eligibility Criteria, I think its most important for our students.
The eligibility is determined by your financial stability, your credit score, employment history etc. If you have poor credit, you can always have a co-signer to make the process feasible.
Refinancing is surely a great way to save money, but whether it best fits you or not is completely your decision. Thoroughly analyze all the pros and cons against your goal and then take the first step. Make the best use of the number of lenders available to provide you with the best solution for your areas of concerns. Good Luck! You can also contact Bruce Mesnekoff an author of The ultimate guide to student loans and CEO of Student Loan Help Center Florida.
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Bruce Mesnekoff
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At First Choice Loan Services, a Dallas mortgage bank Frank Jesse, senior loan originator, is one of the top lenders in the Greater Dallas area and can help you understand the rules and regulations of purchasing a home.
We provide a wide range of mortgage products including:-
Fha Loans Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Va Loans Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Fixed Rate Mortgages Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Adjustable Rate Mortgages Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Refinancing Options Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Jumbo Loans Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Renovation Mortgages Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Contact info:-
First Choice Loan Services Inc.
15303 N Dallas Parkway #150
Addison, TX 75001
Direct: (214) 306-8388
Mobile: (469) 766-8390
FAX: (214) 206-9366
Email: frank.jesse@fcbmtg.com
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Frank Jesse
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Dallas mortgage company Frank Jesse | First Choice Loan Services
Frank has over ten years of experience in the mortgage industry and has become adept at identifying a customized mortgage option for each client's unique needs. His expertise with the mortgage process ranges from credit qualifying, conventional and government loans, including purchase and refinance loans. He has the acute knowledge and experience to get your loan completed and has the outstanding service to match. He is dedicated to providing each customer and business partner with the highest level of service and professionalism. Put Frank's experience to work so he can help you meet your goals. Whether you are refinancing your current home or looking to purchase a new one, Frank can help you today!
We provide a wide range of mortgage products including:-
Dallas mortgage company Frank Jesse | First Choice Loan Services
Dallas mortgage lenders Frank Jesse | First Choice Loan Services
Dallas mortgage brokers Frank Jesse | First Choice Loan Services
Fha Loans Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Va Loans First Choice Bank Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Fixed Rate Mortgages Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Adjustable Rate Mortgages Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Refinancing Options Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Jumbo Loans Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Renovation Mortgages Frank Jesse |First Choice Loan Services
Contact info:-
First Choice Loan Services Inc.
15303 N Dallas Parkway #150
Addison, TX 75001
Direct: (214) 306-8388
Mobile: (469) 766-8390
FAX: (214) 206-9366
Email: frank.jesse@fcbmtg.com
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Frank Jesse
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To get rid of a spiritual problem, we need to pull it up by its spiritual root. To pull up roots, we're going to have to be willing to get our hands dirty, to make some sacrifices that provides long-term benefits instead of short-term, refinanced gains. God is willing to help us, to provide the tools we need to weed out those areas where our desire for money is spoiling our fruit of the Spirit.
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Craig Groeschel (Weird: Because Normal Isn't Working)
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If you fell behind in your mortgage payments because you became unemployed for a short time, you may be able to get help from the federal Home Affordable Unemployment Program. (This program is discussed later in this chapter.) If your financial difficulty is longer term, perhaps because your mortgage payments increased dramatically and you can no longer afford the monthly payments, a short-term fix is not for you. Instead, you may need to consider refinancing or getting a loan modification. (These options are discussed later in this chapter.)
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Robin Leonard (Solve Your Money Troubles: Debt, Credit & Bankruptcy)
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Recently we refinanced the 182-unit building, which we had owned less than a year. Its newly appraised value was $11.3 million, more than $2 million above what we paid for it. And since I own 10 percent of the project, I made over $200,000 in less than a year. A testament to the power of buying and managing right and managing well.
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Ken McElroy (The ABCs of Real Estate Investing: The Secrets of Finding Hidden Profits Most Investors Miss (Rich Dad's Advisors))
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From 1998 to 2006, the majority of subprime mortgages created were for refinancing, and less than 10 percent were for first-time homebuyers.
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Heather McGhee (The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together)
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And today, with a sprawling prison system, which has turned the warehousing of black bodies into a jobs program for Dreamers and a lucrative investment for Dreamers; today, when 8 percent of the world’s prisoners are black men, our bodies have refinanced the Dream of being white.
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Ta-Nehisi Coates (Between the World and Me)
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As you can see, the rise and fall of opportunities in the market for distressed debt stems from the interaction of other cycles: in the economy, investor psychology, risk attitudes and the credit market. The economic cycle influences investor psychology, company profitability and the incidence of default. The cycle in psychology contributes to fluctuations in credit market conditions and the desire of investors to lend, buy and sell. The cycle in attitudes toward risk facilitates the issuance of weak bonds at the top and denies capital for refinancing at the bottom. The credit cycle has a profound effect on the availability of refinancing and the degree to which would-be debt issuers are subjected to stringent credit standards. Hopefully it’s clear that multiple underlying cycles have effects on the distressed debt market that are far from discrete and isolated. As I wrote earlier, each of these cycles rises and falls; each causes the others to rise and fall; and each is affected by the rise and fall of others. But the result of all of this is a dramatic cycle in distressed debt opportunities, and one that is subject to explanation.
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Howard Marks (Mastering The Market Cycle: Getting the Odds on Your Side)
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As I described it in “Open and Shut,” the capital market cycle is simple in its operation, and its message is easy to perceive. An uptight, cautious credit market usually stems from, leads to or connotes things like these: fear of losing money heightened risk aversion and skepticism unwillingness to lend and invest regardless of merit shortages of capital everywhere economic contraction and difficulty refinancing debt defaults, bankruptcies and restructurings low asset prices, high potential returns, low risk and excessive risk premiums Taken together, these things are indicative of a great time to invest. Of course, however, because of the role played by fear and risk aversion in their creation, most people shy away from investing while they are in force. That makes it difficult for most people to invest when the capital cycle is negative, just as it is potentially lucrative.
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Howard Marks (Mastering The Market Cycle: Getting the Odds on Your Side)
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Although the federal government had been trying to persuade middle-class families to buy single-family homes for more than fourteen years, the campaign had achieved little by the time Franklin D. Roosevelt took office in 1933. Homeownership remained prohibitively expensive for working- and middle-class families: bank mortgages typically required 50 percent down, interest-only payments, and repayment in full after five to seven years, at which point the borrower would have to refinance or find another bank to issue a new mortgage with similar terms. Few urban working- and middle-class families had the financial capacity to do what was being asked.
The Depression made the housing crisis even worse. Many property-owning families with mortgages couldn't make their payments and were subject to foreclosure. With most others unable to afford homes at all, the construction industry was stalled. The New Deal designed one program to support existing homeowners who couldn't make payments, and another to make first-time homeownership possible for the middle class.
In 1933, to rescue households that were about to default, the administration created the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC). It purchased existing mortgages that were subject to imminent foreclosure and then issued new mortgages with repayment schedules of up to fifteen years (later extended to twenty-five years). In addition, HOLC mortgages were amortized, meaning that each month's payment included some principal as well as interest, so when the loan was paid off, the borrower would own the home. Thus, for the first time, working- and middle-class homeowners could gradually gain equity while their properties were still mortgaged. If a family with an amortized mortgage sold its home, the equity (including any appreciation) would be the family's to keep.
HOLC mortgages had low interest rates, but the borrowers still were obligated to make regular payments. The HOLC, therefore, had to exercise prudence about. its borrowers' abilities to avoid default. to assess risk, the HOLC wanted to know something about the condition of the house and of surrounding houses in the neighborhood to see whether the property would likely maintain its value. The HOLC hired local real estate agents to make the appraisals on which refinancing decisions could be based. With these agents required by their national ethics code to maintain segregation, it's not surprising that in gauging risk HOLK considered the racial composition of neighborhoods. The HOLC created color-coded maps of every metropolitan area in the nation, with the safest neighborhoods colored green and the riskiest colored red. A neighborhood earned a red color if African Americans lived in it, even if it was a solid middle-class neighborhood of single-family homes.
For example, in St. Louis, the white middle-class suburb of Ladue was colored green because, according to an HOLC appraiser in 1940, it had 'not a single foreigner or negro.' The similarly middle-class suburban area of Lincoln Terrace was colored red because it had 'little or no value today . . . due to the colored element now controlling the district.' Although HOLC did not always decline to rescue homeowners in neighborhoods colored red on its maps (i.e., redlined neighborhoods), the maps had a huge impact and put the federal government on record as judging that African Americans, simply because of their race, were poor risks.
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Richard Rothstein (The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America)
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Loan Originating has been Miguel's passions for over 15 years. He uses his analytical skills, attention to detail and passion for helping others to guide his clients through each phase of the mortgage process. He attributes his success to high ethical principles, having a plan and willingness to constantly make adjustments along the way. He sees obstacles as an opportunity to demonstrate his value. Miguel specializes in home loans, mortgage and refinancing. On his free time, Miguel loves spending time with his family and always makes their happiness a priority. From making memories on family trips to volunteering at his daughters' scholastic and sporting events; family comes first. NMLS #223313 CalBre# 01844476
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Miguel Rubio Mortgage
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The Kushner family’s desperate need for cash was turning U.S. foreign policy into an investment banking scheme dedicated to the refinancing of the Kushner family debt.
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Michael Wolff (Siege: Trump Under Fire)
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Economy means to consume less than you have. Your states, in exchange, call economic prosperity the increase of consume and decrease of production. This consumption increase presented to you proudly during the election campaigns are due to the refinancing of loans, which are, actually, re-loans.
In other words, the leadership of your state spends what it does not hold, so that you, the people, are forced to give back something that you never benefited of, and you pay for money that you never spent.
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Alberto Bacoi (Who is like God?: Mikel)
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An auto factory that had threatened to close was still open, while a mortgage refinancing was keeping someone out there from losing a home.
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Barack Obama (A Promised Land)
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Raising capital. Organisations like Rio Tinto, TomTom and GKN have all raised significant sums through the equity markets. Refinancing debt. Some companies, like Yell and Schaeffler, have rolled over billions in bank finance. However, many businesses are still finding banks reluctant to lend and have turned to bond issuance as an alternative. Divestment. Companies can sell off valuable assets, such as Barclays did with Barclays Global Investors, and it is always better to do so before a crisis; otherwise it will be seen for the fire sale it is and the price will be a fire-sale price. Furthermore, any sell-off that weakens a firm’s core capability or its long-term competitive position may also shorten its life. Cut costs but not capability The managing uncertainty survey revealed that the most common action that companies took when the financial crisis struck was to cut costs. Some 82% of respondents cut costs. When asked about their future responses to uncertainty, 76% indicated they would continue to focus on cost reduction.
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Michel Syrett (Managing Uncertainty: Strategies for surviving and thriving in turbulent times)
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Prior to the U.S. government’s entrance into the home loan business in the 1930’s – this coming as a result of FDR’s New Deal – savings and loan associations had, up until that point, provided the majority of the loans which were used to finance the acquisition of homes.
The Homeowners Refinancing Act and the Home Owners Loan Corporation Act were each passed in 1933…just as the Great Depression was devastating the finances of Americans. These two housing Acts? Extensions by the U.S. government into the private sector. One byproduct of FDR’s New Deal.
The Home Refinancing Act and the Home Owners Loan Corporation Act provided assistance to Americans who were in danger of losing their homes. Due to an inability to refinance their home loans. Thanks to the New Deal, Americans gained access to new refinancing opportunities. Which, should there have been no New Deal, would not have been in place. The government’s election to get more deeply involved in the home loan business during the Great Depression was a wise foray by the U.S. government into the private sector.
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Ted Ihde, Thinking About Becoming A Real Estate Developer?