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(1) the commitment to ending the war successfully at the earliest possible moment; (2) the need to justify the effort and expense of building the atomic bombs; (3) the hope of achieving diplomatic gains in the growing rivalry with the Soviet Union; (4) the lack of incentives not to use atomic weapons; and (5) hatred of the Japanese and a desire for vengeance.
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J. Samuel Walker (Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs against Japan, Revised Edition)