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It can be said without too much oversimplification that there are no 'underdeveloped countries'. There are only 'undermanaged' ones. Japan a hundred years ago was an underdeveloped country by every material measurement. But it very quickly produced management of great competence, indeed, of excellence. Within twenty-five years Meiji Japan had become a developed country, and, indeed, in some aspects, such as literacy, the most highly developed of all countries. We realize today that it is Meiji Japan, rather than eighteenth-century England - or even ninetheenth-century Germany - which has to be the model of development for the underdeveloped world. This means that management is the prime mover and that development is a consequence. (p. 45)
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Peter F. Drucker (Technology, Management & Society.)