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On May 11, 2001, with less than two weeks to go before the close of the public comment period on the petition, the White House turned to the National Research Council (NRC), seeking assistance in identifying the “greatest certainties and uncertainties” in climate change science. The NRC returned a summary report three weeks later, on June 6, 2001. Its first two lines concluded, “Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise. Temperatures are, in fact, rising.
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