“
America is the wealthiest nation on Earth, but its people are mainly poor, and poor Americans are urged to hate themselves . . . Every other nation has folk traditions of men who were poor but extremely wise and virtuous, and therefore more estimable than anyone with power and gold. No such tales are told by the American poor. They mock themselves and glorify their betters.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The last free place in America is a parking spot.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The truth as I see it is that people can both struggle and remain upbeat simultaneously, through even the most soul-testing of challenges.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
I am, somehow, less interested in the weight and convolutions of Einstein’s brain than in the near certainty that people of equal talent have lived and died in cotton fields and sweatshops,” reflected the late writer Stephen Jay Gould.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Some call them "homeless." The new nomads reject that label. Equipped with both shelter and transportation, they've adopted a new word. They refer to themselves, quite simply, as "houseless
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The capitalists don't want anyone living off their economic grid.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
A deepening class divide makes social mobility all but impossible. The result is a de facto caste system. This is not only morally wrong but also tremendously wasteful. Denying access to opportunity for large segments of the population means throwing away vast reserves of talent and brainpower. It’s also been shown to dampen economic growth.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Positive thinking, after all, is an all-American coping mechanism, practically a national pastime. Author James Rorty noted this during the Great Depression, when he traveled America talking with people forced to seek work on the road. In his 1936 book, Where Life Is Better, he was dismayed that so many of his interview subjects seemed so unshakably cheerful. “I encountered nothing in 15,000 miles of travel that disgusted and appalled me so much as this American addiction to make-believe,” he wrote.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
We’re facing the first-ever reversal in retirement security in modern U.S. history,” she explained. “Starting with the younger baby boomers, each successive generation is now doing worse than previous generations in terms of their ability to retire without seeing a drop in living standards.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
And there is hope on the road. It’s a by-product of forward momentum. A sense of opportunity, as wide as the country itself.
A bone-deep conviction that something better will come.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
THERE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN ITINERANTS, drifters, hobos, restless souls. But now, in the second millennium, a new kind of wandering tribe is emerging. People who never imagined being nomads are hitting the road. They’re giving up traditional houses and apartments to live in what some call “wheel estate”—vans, secondhand RVs, school buses, pickup campers, travel trailers, and plain old sedans. They are driving away from the impossible choices that face what used to be the middle class. Decisions like: Would you rather have food or dental work? Pay your mortgage or your electric bill? Make a car payment or buy medicine? Cover rent or student loans? Purchase warm clothes or gas for your commute? For many the answer seemed radical at first. You can’t give yourself a raise, but what about cutting your biggest expense? Trading a stick-and-brick domicile for life on wheels?
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Introverts Unite: We’re Here, We’re Uncomfortable, and We Want to Go Home,
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”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
the Amazon encampments began to seem more and more like microcosms of a national catastrophe.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
vandwellers are conscientious objectors from a broken, corrupting social order.
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”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
People come and go in your life. You don’t get to hang onto them forever.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The most widely accepted measure for calculating income inequality is a century-old formula called the Gini coefficient. It's a gold standard for economists around the globe, along with the World bank, the CIA, and the Paris-based Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. What it reveals is startling. Today the United States has the most unequal society of all developed nations. America’s level of inequality is comparable to that of Russia, China, Argentina, and the war-torn Democratic Republic of the Congo.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Being human means yearning for more than subsistence. As much as food or shelter, we require hope.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Many hoped life on the road would be an escape from an otherwise empty future.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
roughly the same interior length as the covered wagon that carried Linda’s own great-great-great-grandmother across the country more than a century ago.
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
one in six American households that have been putting more than half of what they make into shelter.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Americans now fear outliving their assets more than they fear dying.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
401(k)s were part of a larger cultural drift in America away from shared responsibilities toward a more precarious individualism.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Swankie arrived at an RTR session wearing a T-shirt that said “Introverts Unite: We’re Here, We’re Uncomfortable, and We Want to Go Home,
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Someone asked why do you want a homestead? To be independent, get out of the rat race, support local businesses, buy only American made. Stop buying stuff I don't need to impress people I don't like. Right now I am working in a big warehouse, for a major online supplier. The stuff is crap all made somewhere else in the world where they don't have child labor laws, where the workers labor fourteen- to sixteen-hour days without meals or bathroom breaks. There is one million square feet in this warehouse packed with stuff that won't last a month. It is all going to a landfill. This company has hundreds of warehouses. Our economy is built on the backs of slaves we keep in other countries, like China, India, Mexico, any third world country with a cheap labor force where we don't have to seem them but where we can enjoy the fruits of their labor. This American Corp. is probably the biggest slave owner in the world.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
(It’s sad—but not surprising—that teeth have become a status symbol in a country where more than one in three citizens lack dental coverage, which isn’t included with standard medical insurance.)
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Would you rather have food or dental work? Pay your mortgage or your electric bill? Make a car payment or buy medicine? Cover rent or student loans? Purchase warm clothes or gas for your commute?
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Wages and housing costs have diverged so dramatically that, for a growing number of Americans, the dream of a middle-class life has gone from difficult to impossible. As I write this, there are only a dozen counties and one metro area in America where a full-time minimum wage worker can afford a one-bedroom apartment at fair market rent. You’d have to make at least $16.35 an hour—more than twice the federal minimum wage—to rent such an apartment without spending more than the recommended 30 percent of income on housing. The consequences are dire, especially for the one in six American households that have been putting more than half of what they make into shelter. For many low-income families, that means little or nothing left over to buy food, medication, and other essentials.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The economy is a game. This game should be about nonessential things (motorcycles, computers, televisions). A person feeding their family, staying alive, having shelter . . . that should not be subject to an economy.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
According to 2015 census figures, among older women living alone, more than one in six are below the poverty line. Nearly twice as many elderly women in America are poor (2.71 million) than their male counterparts (1.49 million).
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
But for them—as for anyone—survival isn’t enough. So what began as a last-ditch effort has become a battle cry for something greater. Being human means yearning for more than subsistence. As much as food or shelter, we require hope.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The top 1 percent now makes eighty-one times what those in the bottom half do, when you compare average earnings. For American adults on the lower half of the income ladder—some 117 million of them—earnings haven’t changed since the 1970s.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
reason Amazon can take on such a slow, inefficient workforce,” noted one itinerant worker on her blog, Tales from the Rampage. “Since they are getting us off government assistance for almost three months of the year, we are a tax deduction for them.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
And in a culture where economic misfortune was blamed largely on its victims, Bob offered them encouragement instead of opprobrium. “At one time there was a social contract that if you played by the rules (went to school, got a job, and worked hard) everything would be fine,” he told readers. “That’s no longer true today. You can do everything right, just the way society wants you to do it, and still end up broke, alone, and homeless.” By moving into vans and other vehicles, he suggested, people could become conscientious objectors to the system that had failed them. They could be reborn into lives of freedom and adventure. ALL OF THIS HAD A PRECEDENT.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
people not only buck up in times of crisis, but do so with a “startling, sharp joy.” It’s possible to undergo hardships that shake our will to endure, while also finding happiness in shared moments, such as sitting around a bonfire with fellow workampers under a vast starry sky.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
MANY OF THE WORKERS I met in the Amazon camps were part of a demographic that in recent years has grown with alarming speed: downwardly mobile older Americans. In the heyday of a place like Empire—the era of a strong middle class, complete with job stability and pensions—their circumstances had been virtually unimaginable.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
These indignities underscore a larger question: When do impossible choices start to tear people—a society—apart?
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
repeat to myself a cardinal rule of nonfiction writing: The story keeps unfolding into the future, but at some point you step away.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
What was his plan for the future? I asked. “Don’t die. Don’t get old,” he said. “I don’t know.” If things got desperate, he added, a niece and nephew had offered to take him in.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
travel full time with a full set of stuff/Not less than I need or more than enough.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
I’ve got a large feline to keep me sane, Lovely Layla is her name, Not really wild, but not too tame Queens of the Road!
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
And in a culture where economic misfortune was blamed largely on its victims, Bob offered them encouragement instead of opprobrium.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
One of them, FreeCampsites.net, logged idyllic places in nature where visitors could stay for free, from small city parks to sprawling national forests.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
In the coming years, he’d try to fill that void with whatever was at hand: debt, food, sex, religion.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
this village was populated by members of the “precariat”: temporary laborers doing short-term jobs in exchange for low wages.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
But for them—as for anyone—survival isn’t enough.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
a glimpse of utopia.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
she walked from ten to twenty miles a day on concrete in the 915,000-square-foot complex for $11.25 an hour.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The United States is one of the world’s largest producers of manufactured sugar,
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Takt” is business jargon. Defined as “the desired time that it takes to make one unit of production output,” it is used to regulate the pace of work.)
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
She talked about getting some Pam cooking spray—or WD-40, but Pam was cheaper—because coating the walls of the toilet chutes with it makes waste less likely to stick.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
and problems compounded by student debt and degrees that turned out to have little practical value. Many hoped life on the road would be an escape from an otherwise empty future.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The Work Opportunity Tax Credit
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
A third worker boasted of walking 547 miles in ten weeks of work. He was later topped by another, who posted a Fitbit log showing 820 miles in twelve-and-a-half weeks.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
life are you willing to give up, so you can keep on living? Most who face this dilemma will
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Today the United States has the most unequal society of all developed nations.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
in Linda’s words: “Living a life of plenty with what you have.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Sameer and LaVonne were not naive. They know that, in the eyes of the law, they are homeless. But who can live under the weight of that word? The term “homeless” has metastasized beyond its literal definition, becoming a terrible threat. It whispers: Exiles. The Fallen. The Other. Those Who Have Nothing Left. “Our society’s untouchables,” LaVonne suggested on her blog.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
America is the wealthiest nation on Earth, but its people are mainly poor, and poor Americans are urged to hate themselves . . . Every other nation has folk traditions of men who were poor but extremely wise and virtuous, and therefore more estimable than anyone with power and gold. No such tales are told by the American poor. They mock themselves and glorify their betters.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
I am, somehow, less interested in the weight and convolutions of Einstein’s brain than in the near certainty that people of equal talent have lived and died in cotton fields and sweatshops,
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Starting with the younger baby boomers, each successive generation is now doing worse than previous generations in terms of their ability to retire without seeing a drop in living standards.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
By moving into vans and other vehicles, he suggested, people could become conscientious objectors to the system that had failed them. They could be reborn into lives of freedom and adventure.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
When Swankie arrived at an RTR session wearing a T-shirt that said “Introverts Unite: We’re Here, We’re Uncomfortable, and We Want to Go Home,” she got smiles and nods of acknowledgment all day.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
An Amazon recruiting handout warns CamperForce candidates that they should be ready to lift up to fifty pounds at a time, in an environment where the temperature may sometimes exceed 90 degrees.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The Apperleys weren’t the only foreclosure victims I found in the ranks of Amazon’s CamperForce. I spoke with dozens of workers in Nevada, Kansas, and Kentucky. Tales of money trouble were rampant.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The workers’ shifts last ten hours or longer, during which some walk more than fifteen miles on concrete floors, stooping, squatting, reaching, and climbing stairs as they scan, sort, and box merchandise.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Travels with Charley, which Lori was devouring. John Steinbeck’s tale of road-tripping in a pickup camper with his French poodle was popular among the nomads, and dog-eared copies passed from hand to hand.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
How does a hardworking sixty-four-year-old-woman end up without a house or a permanent place to stay, relying on unpredictable low-wage work to survive? Living in a mile-high alpine wilderness, with intermittent snow and maybe mountain lions in a tiny trailer, scrubbing toilets at the mercy of employers who, on a whim, could cut her hours or even fire her? What does the future look like for someone like that?
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Today the United States has the most unequal society of all developed nations. America’s level of inequality is comparable to that of Russia, China, Argentina, and the war-torn Democratic Republic of the Congo.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
And when it comes to Social Security benefits, female recipients get on average $341 a month less than men because of lower total payroll tax contributions, an under-recognized consequence of the gender wage gap.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
You are finally debt free and living in your forever home! No more freezing in the desert or in Kansas! No more cramped spaces. Like I always say when I hang up the phone: I love you Patti. I will miss you dearly.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Amazon had recruited these workers as part of a program it calls CamperForce: a labor unit made up of nomads who work as seasonal employees at several of its warehouses, which the company calls “fulfillment centers,” or FCs.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
awe-inspiring shit we put on shelves.” These included live waxworms, a five-pound gummi bear, a diver’s speargun, a book titled Venus with Biceps: A Pictorial History of Muscular Women, a butt plug attached to a plush foxtail,
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
am, somehow, less interested in the weight and convolutions of Einstein’s brain than in the near certainty that people of equal talent have lived and died in cotton fields and sweatshops,” reflected the late writer Stephen Jay Gould.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Meanwhile, “living in a van, or ‘vandwelling,’ is now fashionable,” proclaimed The New York Times Magazine in late 2011, adding that 1.2 million homes were predicted to be repossessed that year and noting that van sales were up 24 percent.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
On December 2 (aka Cyber Monday, the first Monday after Thanksgiving) alone, customers ordered some 36.8 million products—or about 426 orders a second—helping to bring the company’s overall sales for 2013 to a record high of $74.45 billion.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
When I stopped to use the restroom, the inside of my stall had a chart with a color palette ranging from pale yellow to terrifying puce. It instructed me to find the shade that matched my urine and suggested that I should be drinking more water.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Whatever you want to call them, workampers ride a national circuit of jobs extending coast to coast and up into Canada, a shadow economy created by hundreds of employers posting classified ads on websites with names like Workers on Wheels and Workamper News.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
After the New Deal, economists began referring to America’s retirement-finance model as a “three-legged stool.” This sturdy tripod was composed of Social Security, private pensions, and combined investments and savings. In recent years, of course, two of those legs have been kicked out. Many Americans saw their assets destroyed by the Great Recession; even before the economic collapse, many had been saving less and less. And since the 1980s, employers have been replacing defined-benefit pensions that are funded by employers and guarantee a monthly sum in perpetuity with 401(k) plans, which often rely on employee contributions and can run dry before death. Marketed as instruments of financial liberation that would allow workers to make their own investment choices, 401(k)s were part of a larger cultural drift in America away from shared responsibilities toward a more precarious individualism. Translation: 401(k)s are vastly cheaper for companies than pension plans. “Over the last generation, we have witnessed a massive transfer of economic risk from broad structures of insurance, including those sponsored by the corporate sector as well as by government, onto the fragile balance sheets of American families,” Yale political scientist Jacob S. Hacker writes in his book The Great Risk Shift. The overarching message: “You are on your own.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
I mean, I’ve never had any problem finding jobs ever, but the work is at these slave wages,” David said. “This is the new age of retirees.” As workers like David told their stories, the Amazon encampments began to seem more and more like microcosms of a national catastrophe.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Meanwhile, Amazon’s treatment of warehouse workers had been making headlines since 2011. That’s when an investigation by the Allentown Morning Call newspaper revealed what were—quite literally—sweatshop conditions. When summer temperatures exceeded 100 degrees inside the company’s Breinigsville, Pennsylvania, warehouse, managers wouldn’t open the loading bay doors for fear of theft. Instead, they hired paramedics to wait outside in ambulances, ready to extract heat-stricken employees on stretchers and in wheelchairs, the investigation found. Workers also said they were pressured to meet ever
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Walking is a great form of exercise. It doesn’t cost anything and is easier on the joints than other forms of exercise. Before setting out, warm up those muscles by stretching. Experts say that as we get older, the collagen structure in our bodies changes, reducing our flexibility and range of motion.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
The truth as I see it is that people can both struggle and remain upbeat simultaneously, through even the most soul-testing of challenges. This doesn’t mean they’re in denial. Rather, it testifies to the remarkable ability of humankind to adapt, to seek meaning and kinship when confronted with adversity.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
At one time there was a social contract that if you played by the rules (went to school, got a job, and worked hard) everything would be fine,” he told readers. “That’s no longer true today. You can do everything right, just the way society wants you to do it, and still end up broke, alone, and homeless.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the 21st Century)
“
Silvianne was one of Linda’s neighbors at the Sage Valley RV Park. There she often walked Layla, her cat, using a leash with a pink harness. The habit had made her something of a local celebrity. Even on the floor of the warehouse, people approached her and asked, “You’re the one who walks the cat, aren’t you?
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Anyway, I’m seeing my parents in their mid-sixties with no retirement, you know, everything that they built over their entire life just disappeared. And then with the recession you see that happening to more people,” Ash said. Though she’d always considered herself a “follower,” she began to worry that, even if she
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
deepening class divide makes social mobility all but impossible. The result is a de facto caste system. This is not only morally wrong but also tremendously wasteful. Denying access to opportunity for large segments of the population means throwing away vast reserves of talent and brainpower. It’s also been shown to dampen economic growth.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
Workampers run the rides at amusement parks from Dollywood in Tennessee to Adventureland in Iowa, Darien Lake in New York, and Story Land in New Hampshire. (“Workampers not only get to meet and work with new people from around the world, but also get to experience the pure joy of children’s dreams coming true every day!” promises a Story Land recruitment
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
AT THE SAME TIME Empire was dying, a new and very different kind of company town was thriving seventy miles to the south. In many ways, it felt like the opposite of Empire. Rather than offering middle-class stability, this village was populated by members of the “precariat”: temporary laborers doing short-term jobs in exchange for low wages. More specifically, its citizens were hundreds of itinerant workers living in RVs, trailers, vans, and even a few tents. Early each fall, they began filling the mobile home parks surrounding Fernley. Linda didn’t know it yet, but she would soon be joining them. Many were in their sixties and seventies, approaching or well into traditional retirement age. Most had traveled hundreds of miles—and undergone the routine indignities of criminal background checks and pee-in-a-cup drug tests—for the chance to earn $11.50 per hour plus overtime at temporary warehouse jobs. They planned to stay through early winter, despite the fact that most of their homes on wheels weren’t designed to support life in subzero temperatures. Their employer was Amazon.com.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
In the widening gap between credits and debits hangs a question: What parts of this life are you willing to give up, so you can keep on living? Most who face this dilemma will not end up dwelling in vehicles. Those who do are analogous to what biologists call an “indicator species”—sensitive organisms with the capacity to signal much larger shifts in an ecosystem.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
One guy at a Rubber Tramp Rendezvous campfire was horrified to learn I hadn’t yet read Travels with Charley; the next day he arrived at the van to lend me a paperback. Other entries in the literary canon of this subculture included Blue Highways by William Least Heat- Moon, Desert Solitaire by Edward Abbey, Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, Walden by Henry David Thoreau, and Wild by Cheryl Strayed.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
“
It’s estimated that more than forty thousand RVers dwell in the desert near Quartzsite from December through February. Bill Alexander has watched them come and go for what seems like forever. The outdoor recreation planner and lead park ranger at the Bureau of Land Management’s Yuma Field Office, he’s been working in this region for seventeen years. And after all that time, he says, he’s still impressed by the campers’ neighborliness. “We can have that guy who rides up on a bike with his dog on a leash and throws down his tent next to a guy in a $500,000 custom-built motorhome, and they get along just fine,” Bill told me. “That ability to coexist is based simply on their desire to enjoy the public land, and the fact that it belongs equally to the guy riding the bicycle as to the guy in the motorhome.
”
”
Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
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Amazon had recruited these workers as part of a program it calls CamperForce: a labor unit made up of nomads who work as seasonal employees at several of its warehouses, which the company calls “fulfillment centers,” or FCs. Along with thousands of traditional temps, they’re hired to meet the heavy shipping demands of “peak season,” the consumer bonanza that spans the three to four months before Christmas.
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
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a vast majority of us vandwellers are white. The reasons range from obvious to duh, but then there’s this.” Linked below the post was an article about the experience of “traveling while black.” That made me think: America makes it hard enough for people to live nomadically, regardless of race. Stealth camping in residential areas, in particular, is way outside the mainstream. Often it involves breaking local ordinances against sleeping in cars. Avoiding trouble—hassles with cops and suspicious passersby—can be challenging, even with the Get Out of Jail Free card of white privilege. And in an era when unarmed African Americans are getting shot by police during traffic stops, living in a vehicle seems like an especially dangerous gambit for anyone who might become a victim of racial profiling. All that made me think about the instances when I could have gotten in trouble and didn’t. One time I got pulled over at night while reporting in North Dakota. The cops asked where I was from and recommended some local tourist attractions before letting me off with a warning. In general, people didn’t give me grief when I was driving Halen. I wish I could chalk that up to good karma or some kind of cosmic benevolence, but the fact remains: I am white. Surely privilege played a role.
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
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Woodswoman: Living Alone in the Adirondack Wilderness and Linda devoured it, marveling at the independence and frugality of the author, ecologist Anne LaBastille, who was inspired by Walden and built her own cabin using just $600 worth of logs. Next she started Making Ideas Happen: Overcoming the Obstacles Between Vision and Reality, an entrepreneurial self-help tome that she scoured for advice on building a fulfilling future.
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
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Silvianne Wanders, she also characterized the transition like this: “A not-quite-retirement-age baby boomer gives up her sticks ’n bricks former miner’s cabin, her three part-time jobs, and her attachment to any illusion of security this tattered remnant of the American Dream might still bring to her tortured soul. The goal: to hit the road for a life of nomadic adventure as the Tarot reader—Shamanic Astrologer—Cosmic Change Agent she was always meant to be.”)
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
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I am, somehow, less interested in the weight and convolutions of Einstein’s brain than in the near certainty that people of equal talent have lived and died in cotton fields and sweatshops,” reflected the late writer Stephen Jay Gould. A deepening class divide makes social mobility all but impossible. The result is a de facto caste system. This is not only morally wrong but also tremendously wasteful. Denying access to opportunity for large segments of the population means throwing away vast reserves of talent and brainpower. It’s also been shown to dampen economic growth.
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
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The truth as I see it is that people can both struggle and remain upbeat simultaneously, through even the most soul-testing of challenges. This doesn’t mean they’re in denial. Rather, it testifies to the remarkable ability of humankind to adapt, to seek meaning and kinship when confronted with adversity. As Rebecca Solnit points out in her book A Paradise Built in Hell: The Extraordinary Communities That Arise in Disaster, people not only buck up in times of crisis, but do so with a “startling, sharp joy.” It’s possible to undergo hardships that shake our will to endure, while also finding happiness in shared moments, such as sitting around a bonfire with fellow workampers under a vast starry sky.
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
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Someone asked why do you want a homestead? To be independent, get out of the rat race, support local businesses, buy only American made. Stop buying stuff I don’t need to impress people I don’t like. Right now I am working in a big warehouse, for a major online supplier. The stuff is crap all made somewhere else in the world where they don’t have child labor laws, where the workers labor fourteen- to sixteen-hour days without meals or bathroom breaks. There is one million square feet in this warehouse packed with stuff that won’t last a month. It is all going to a landfill. This company has hundreds of warehouses. Our economy is built on the backs of slaves we keep in other countries, like China, India, Mexico, any third world country with a cheap labor force where we don’t have to see them but where we can enjoy the fruits of their labor. This American Corp. is probably the biggest slave owner in the world.
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
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The bookstore is owned by septuagenarian nudist Paul Winer, who has skin like burnished leather and wanders the aisles in nothing but a knit codpiece. When it’s cold, he dons a sweater. Paul can afford to keep his bookstore going because, technically, it isn’t a permanent structure, and that keeps the taxes down. It has no real walls—just a ramada roof above a concrete slab. Tarps span the space between them. Shipping containers and a trailer are annexes. Trailer Life magazine called it “the ultimate in Quartzsite architecture.” In an earlier career Paul toured as Sweet Pie, a nude boogie-woogie pianist known for his sing-along anthem “Fuck ’Em If They Can’t Take a Joke,” and he still performs spontaneously on a baby grand near the front of the shop, not far from a discreetly covered adult book section. There’s a Christian section, too, but it’s in the back and Paul usually has to help people find it. “They follow my bare ass to the Bible,” he declares.
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)
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I also worried about her morale. During Linda’s first season working for Amazon, she had seen up close the vast volume of crap Americans were buying and felt disgusted. That experience had planted a seed of disenchantment. After she left the warehouse, it continued to grow. When she had downsized from a large RV to a minuscule trailer, Linda had also been reading about minimalism and the tiny house movement. She had done a lot of thinking about consumer culture and about how much garbage people cram into their short lives. I wondered where all those thoughts would lead. Linda was still grappling with them. Weeks later, after starting work in Kentucky, she would post the following message on Facebook and also text it directly to me: Someone asked why do you want a homestead? To be independent, get out of the rat race, support local businesses, buy only American made. Stop buying stuff I don’t need to impress people I don’t like. Right now I am working in a big warehouse, for a major online supplier. The stuff is crap all made somewhere else in the world where they don’t have child labor laws, where the workers labor fourteen- to sixteen-hour days without meals or bathroom breaks. There is one million square feet in this warehouse packed with stuff that won’t last a month. It is all going to a landfill. This company has hundreds of warehouses. Our economy is built on the backs of slaves we keep in other countries, like China, India, Mexico, any third world country with a cheap labor force where we don’t have to see them but where we can enjoy the fruits of their labor. This American Corp. is probably the biggest slave owner in the world. After sending that, she continued: Radical I know, but this is what goes through my head when I’m at work. There is nothing in that warehouse of substance. It enslaved the buyers who use their credit to purchase that shit. Keeps them in jobs they hate to pay their debts. It’s really depressing to be there. Linda added that she was coping
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Jessica Bruder (Nomadland: Surviving America in the Twenty-First Century)