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Extensive market research conducted in 1953 by psychologists Ernest Dichter and Burleigh Gardner concluded that a Depression-era Betty did not suit the new prosperous postwar America.... By 1954, six commissioned artists, including Norman Rockwell, painted... six portraits, plus McMein's version and portrait of Adelaide Hawley, [and] were presented to a cross-section of 1,600 homemakers, who were asked to consider: Would you want her as a friend? Does she look honest? Does she look like a housewife or a career woman? Does she look relaxed or tense?
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Susan Marks (Finding Betty Crocker: The Secret Life of America's First Lady of Food)