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Spirit is a very peculiar concept which has in many cases lost its original character, but the history of the word spirit, or the German word Geist, tells us what it originally meant. The Greek word pneuma and the Latin word spiritus mean wind, and the Latin word animus is the same as the Greek word anemos, and they also mean wind. Pneuma is still the term in the Greek Orthodox church for the Holy Ghost, which is the sacred wind; it is a movement, a force. And Geist comes from a root which means to well up; it is a sort of enthusiasm, an emotional condition. The English word aghast is an emotional word which comes from it, and the word ghost is related to it. Geist was understood to be like a geyser, a welling up, an inspiration. In the miracle of Pentecost, all those symbolic phenomena are together; the fiery tongues mean the fire of enthusiasm: the apostles were like drunken people, and a powerful wind filled the house.
That was spirit, but to us spirit has become something exceedingly lame and ineffectual, a mere two-dimensional picture — sort of beliefs or ideas that have no body and no force; one must believe them to give them any force. In the philosophy of Klages, one learns that the spirit is now the devil that destroys life, but he at least attributes a destructive power to it. And Scheler, who tried to restore a certain amount of importance to the spirit, made again a very lame thing of it; it is neither very destructive nor very effective. That powerful wind, which was destructive as well as generative or emotional, has gone. It is a poor thing with us now, no longer what it used to be. This process has come about within two thousand years. It was God in the beginning, and before that time it was latent in what man calls "God," that incomprehensible power in the depth of his own soul. And man supposes that this is in the depth of the universe in general because the microcosm is in no way different from the macrocosm; so what is in the depth of the soul was in the universe before, in that eternal source of life. Then it became visible or audible; it became the evangelion, the glad tidings, and people received it. But later it grew into an organization, so the effect was lost in created things. You see, the creative impulse comes to an end with the creation, just because it has become a creation; for a while there is no longer an impulse — until one has liberated oneself again from that which one has created. If one sticks to the creation, one will create nothing more. And so the time comes when the world is absolutely empty of spirit, when nobody knows what spirit is, when there are only the effects of the spirit — though those effects make visible efforts to remember the times when they were young, as old people like to speak about their youth just because they have it no longer. This descent which has happened to us within the last two thousand years, then, is the phenomenon to which Nietzsche here refers — of course in a more or less negative way.
Jung, C. G.. Nietzsche's Zarathustra: Notes of the Seminar given in 1934-1939. Two Volumes: 1-2, unabridged (Jung Seminars) (p. 494-495). Princeton University Press.
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C.G. Jung (Nietzsche's Zarathustra: Notes of the Seminar given in 1934-1939 C.G. Jung)