Ecuador Quotes

He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain that which he cannot lose." Jim Elliot, missionary to Auca indians in Ecuador

The point of going somewhere like the Napo River in Ecuador is not to see the most spectacular anything. It is simply to see what is there.

Jim Elliot was one of five American missionaries to Ecuador who were martyred by the Waodani Indians. He is famous for his statement “He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain that which he cannot lose.

In Ecuador the Indian mate was too poor to buy Polaroid glasses but he saw the caudal fins of marlin long before my perfect eyes noticed anything. Benny played pool as if the cue stick emerged from his body. Not my alcohol & geometry. She was an asshole and I couldn't have loved her at gunpoint.

I hadn’t seen Krista Wallace for several years and the emotions it stirred when I did set eyes on her again surprised me. We had been a summer fling on the beaches of Ecuador, a brief yet sweet encounter before my intoxicating affair with Josselyn began. Perhaps the intensity of the latter had unfairly overshadowed the former.

One morning, as usual, Ahab went for a walk along the quarter-deck. He stopped before the mainmast and glanced at the gold coin nailed there. For the first time, Ahab seemed to be attracted by the strange figures and inscriptions stamped on it. He seemed to ask himself what they could mean. It was sanctified for a terrifying end and the sailors considered it the White Whale's talisman. In its round border it bore the letters "Republica del Ecuador: Quito'. Noble golden coins like that are medals of the sun and tropics.

In Ecuador, perhaps 50 per cent of adult Waoranis meet a violent death at the hands of another human!

Están mezclados con indios del Perú y el Ecuador, son súbditos del incanato, cuyo dominio llegó sólo al río Bío-Bío.

Ecuador era uno de los centros de operación clave del cártel por su cercanía con Colombia, Perú y Bolivia, los tres países productores de cocaína, y por su salida directa al Pacífico

Ryan and Jethá tell us (p. 206) about a study of the Waorani of Ecuador which showed that they were free of most diseases and had no evidence of health problems such as hypertension, heart disease, or cancer (Larrick et al.1979).What they don’t add is that Larrick and his colleagues found that 42% of all population losses were actually caused by Waorani killing other Waorani.

Had a real nice email from somebody who bought my book and said it took a lot of the "gringa" fear away from her before she and her husband go to Ecuador for various months. They are there now and I hope they love it.

New Guinea, violence accounts for 30 per cent of male deaths in one agricultural tribal society, the Dani, and 35 per cent in another, the Enga. In Ecuador, perhaps 50 per cent of adult Waoranis meet a violent death at the hands of another human!3 In time, human

And that's acceptable to you?" Faith took a second. "I always weigh it," she said. "Like with Ecuador. I'm ashamed of what happened. But those young women are free and presumably out of danger. I have to weigh that too, don't I? That's what it's about, this life. The weighing.

He looked like the Devil himself had come to Ecuador to find her. Maybe that had been the voice she’d heard. Maybe, because he was watching her with sapphire eyes framed by thick black brows. She peered over her shoulder, but when she looked back, he flashed a smile that gutted her.

As my mom sees it, her dry, flaky skin is some immigrant’s vocational opportunity. Plus, hurting her offers immigrants a nifty cathartic therapy for venting their rage. Her chapped lips and split ends constitute someone’s rungs up the socioeconomic ladder to escape poverty. Sliding into middle age complete with cellulite and scaly elbows, my mother has become an economic engine, generating millions of dollars which will be wired to feed families and purchase cholera medicine in Ecuador. Should she ever decide to “let herself go,” no doubt tens of thousands would perish.

Simon BolIvar is often called "the George Washington of South America" because of his role in the liberation of five South American countries (Colombia, Venezula, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia) from Spanish rule. Few, if 'any, political figures have played so dominant a role in the history of an entire continent as he did.

Jim devoted ten days largely to prayer to make sure that this was indeed what God intended for him. He was given new assurance, and wrote to his parents of his intention to go to Ecuador. Understandably, they, with others who knew Jim well, wondered if perhaps his ministry might not be more effective in the United States, where so many know so little of the Bible's really message He replied: "I dare not stay home while Quiches perish. What if the well-filled church in the homeland needs stirring? They have the Scriptures Moses, and the prophets, and a whole lot more. Their condemnation is written on their bank books and in the dust on their Bible covers.

Dr. Longo’s studies have also profiled a group of people in Ecuador called the Larons (named after the researcher that originally studied them, Zvi Laron). The Larons, who have absent growth hormone receptors, are unable to make IGF-1. These short adults are free from cancer and diabetes, similar to another group with the same syndrome in Brazil.

What decides where we are born and into what kind of life and why?

endeudamiento, ocasionó un rápido crecimiento de la deuda externa pública, la cual pasó de 229 millones de dólares en 1970 a 4.416 millones en 1981.

La Ley AGD fue entonces el mejor incentivo para quebrar bancos, puesto que ellos quebraban y el Estado pagaba.

Todos aprendemos sin palabras las más importantes lecciones de la vida.

Se sabe que el más cuerdo de los sitios es aquel donde todos tienen libertad de cometer sus mejores locuras.

Agustín lo observaba desde la puerta y al mirar a Paco así, indefenso, enfermo, inmundo y miserable, sintió, con una seguridad atroz, como una epifanía, que lo amaría siempre.

Ordering online was all about ticking boxes. Species. Color. Size. Number. Grade of quality. Degree of openness. But there was something miraculous about seeing the flowers she'd imagined brought to life. Roses from Columbia. Chrysanthemums from Ecuador. Orchids from Thailand. Anemones and agapanthus from Spain. Stargazers and parrot tulips from the vast Dutch flower fields.

En México, a pesar de que el 80% de la población son trabajadores, solo el 10% de los legisladores alguna vez lo fueron.23 Esta desproporción en el perfil de los legisladores mexicanos es más grande que en muchos otros países de América Latina. México es el cuarto país con peor representación de trabajadores de la región, solo por debajo de Ecuador, Costa Rica y Paraguay.24 En general, en México el poder económico y el político están anormalmente concentrados y entrelazados.25

Isabela had almost been named Matilde, after Matilde Hidalgo, an illustrious suffragette who was the first woman to graduate high school in Ecuador, the first woman to cast a vote in Latin America, first to receive a bachelor’s degree, and on and on. A woman of so many firsts, the patriarch of the Montoyas thought the name too revolutionary. Instead, Isabela Belén Montoya Urbano was named after an aunt, whose mild temper and skill at the piano had won her a successful marriage.

The Yasuní plan was based on the premise that Ecuador, like all developing countries, is owed a debt for the inherent injustice of climate change—the fact that wealthy countries had used up most of the atmospheric capacity for safely absorbing CO2 before developing countries had a chance to industrialize. And since the entire world would reap the benefits of keeping that carbon in the ground (since it would help stabilize the global climate), it is unfair to expect Ecuador, as a poor country whose people had contributed little to the climate crisis, to shoulder the economic burden for giving up those potential petro dollars. Instead, that burden should be shared between Ecuador and the highly industrialized countries most responsible for the buildup of atmospheric carbon. This is not charity, in other words: if wealthy countries do not want poorer ones to pull themselves out of poverty in the same dirty way that we did, the onus is on Northern governments to help foot the bill.

What I felt at that moment wasn’t sorrow for the 9/11 victims, but mortification. Tiny Ecuador gave precious pottery as a token of its heritage. My nation, the hemisphere’s richest, offered only this: Share our fear and feel our pain. In a venue designed to promote global amity and understanding, the United States chose to emphasize how divided and troubled the world remained. It was a minor thing, really, a display in a little-visited Dominican museum. But still, the exhibit rankled: my own small wall of shame.

Ahí está el chofer de República Dominicana, el albañil de México, el mensajero de Ecuador, la peruana que cuida del estacionamiento, la colombiana que vende hot dogs o sombrillas sobre una banqueta. Todos medio escondidos en sus ropas y en sus líos migratorios. Todos extrañando al papá, a la novia, a la casa, a la playita, al monte, a la esquina que dejaron atrás. Todos muriéndose de frío. Entonces, ¿qué hacen aquí? ¿Por qué no se regresan a sus países de origen? Primero, lo obvio. El billete. Aquí hay trabajo y allá no.

For generations the official U.S. policy had been to support these regimes against any threat from their own citizens, who were branded automatically as Communists. When necessary, U.S. troops had been deployed in Latin America for decades to defend our military allies, many of whom were graduates of the U.S. Military Academy, spoke English, and sent their children to be educated in our country. They were often involved in lucrative trade agreements involving pineapples, bananas, bauxite, copper and iron ore, and other valuable commodities. When I became president, military juntas ruled in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. I decided to support peaceful moves toward freedom and democracy throughout the hemisphere. In addition, our government used its influence through public statements and our votes in financial institutions to put special pressure on the regimes that were most abusive to their own people, including Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. On visits to the region Rosalynn and I met with religious and other leaders who were seeking political change through peaceful means, and we refused requests from dictators to defend their regimes from armed revolutionaries, most of whom were poor, indigenous Indians or descendants of former African slaves. Within ten years all the Latin American countries I named here had become democracies, and The Carter Center had observed early elections in Panama, Nicaragua, Peru, Haiti, and Paraguay.

When specialization becomes so narrow that an archaeologist digging in tropic Ecuador is deemed incompetent on archaeology in tropic Mexico, then the reverse must be also the case, and it seems apparent that specialists are not the best people to draw broad conclusions. Unfortunately, too few universities are so far prepared to educate students to become specialists in horizontal research, i.e., train them to acquire an academic ability to piece together the fragments that vertical research brings forth from its deep trenches.

[…]Dijo Mary Pickford que las películas deben tener un desenlace alegre para las ciudades, y uno triste para las aldeas. El desenlace de nuestros espectáculos es el que corresponde a la aldea. Lo que la ‘Novia de América’ no vio es el embrutecimiento imperialista de Sudamérica por las comedias musicales norteamericanas. En ellas se nos dan, fundidos, el arte más consumado con la estolidez moral y literaria más insultante. […] El cine debe ser interpretado en calidad de producto internacional, standard, hecho para todos los países del globo, con escenas movibles de quitar o poner, Según los diferentes mercados de consumo. Se trata, como es natural, de productos envasados para el expendio libre. El condimento patético o moral se usa según las distancias al ecuador, y las películas que destinan a nuestras gentes, traen en cierto modo las especies que gustamos. Ignoro qué cantidad de moralina se emplea para Buenos Aires. […] El cine puede servir de experiencia de arte y vida, pero también puede mutilar con traumas incurables los órganos de perfeccionamiento y vigorización del alma. (E.M.E., 1940)

I must have roamed dementedly about for a time in the streets. When I at last got back to my own place, Faustine was again there ahead of me, coiled torpid in the bed like a loathsome boa-constrictor. She was already in the never-never land where ghouls like her belonged. I covered her face with one of the pillows, pressed down upon it with the weight of my whole body, held it there until she should have been dead ten times over. Yet when I removed the pillow to look, the black of strangulation was missing from her face. She was still in that state of suspended animation that defied me, a taunting smile visible about her lips. I had a gun in my valise, from years before when I'd been on an engineering job in the jungles of Ecuador. I got it out, looked it over. It was still in good working order, although it only had one bullet left in it. That one would be enough. She wasn't going to escape me! I pressed the muzzle to her smooth white forehead, mid-center. "Die, damn you!" I growled, and pulled the trigger back. It exploded with a crash. A film of smoke hid her face from me for a minute. When it had cleared again, I looked. There was no bullet-hole in her skull! A black powder-smudge marked the point of contact. The gun dropped to the floor with a thud. That ineradicable smile still glimmered up at me, as if to say: "You see? You can't." I rubbed my finger over the black; the skin was unbroken underneath. A blank cartridge, that must have been it. I raised her head; there was a rent in the sheet under it. I probed through it with two fingers. I could feel the bullet lying imbedded down in the stuffing of the mattress. ("Vampire's Honeymoon)

Ayaana was surveying the longest line on the globe’s three dimensional grid, the equator, the first line of latitude. Her special point zero, 40,075 kilometers long; 78.7 percent across water, 21.3 percent over land, zero degrees, all the Kenya equator places she had never imagined to claim as her own: Nanyuki, Mount Kenya. The invisible equator line crossed only thirteen countries - Kenya, Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, São Tomé and Principe, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Uganda, Somalia, Maldives, Indonesia, and Kiribati - thirteen countries that were the center of the world, and hers was one of them.

It so chanced that the doubloon of the Pequod was a most wealthy example of these things. On its round border it bore the letters, REPUBLICA DEL ECUADOR: QUITO. So this bright coin came from a country planted in the middle of the world, and beneath the great equator, and named after it; and it had been cast midway up the Andes, in the unwaning clime that knows no autumn. Zoned by those letters you saw the likeness of three Andes’ summits; from one a flame; a tower on another; on the third a crowing cock; while arching over all was a segment of the partitioned zodiac, the signs all marked with their usual cabalistics, and the keystone sun entering the equinoctial point at Libra.

El archipiélago de los Galápagos, situado en el Ecuador, está entre 500 y 600 millas de distancia de las costas de América del Sur. Casi todas las producciones de la tierra y del agua llevan allí el sello inequívoco del continente americano. Hay 26 aves terrestres, de las cuales 21, o quizá 23, son consideradas como especies diferentes; se admitiría ordinariamente que han sido creadas allí, y, sin embargo, la gran afinidad de la mayor parte de estas aves con especies americanas se manifiesta en todos los caracteres, en sus costumbres, gestos y timbre de voz. Lo mismo ocurre con otros animales y con una gran proporción de las plantas, como ha demostrado Hooker en su admirable flora de este archipiélago.

Pero lo más auténtico, lo que no confesaba a nadie, era que salía a buscar lo desconocido. Se preguntó si los hombres hacen alguna vez algo diferente. - Deben existir marineros que descubren islas - se dijo. Quedaba más allá de toda duda que si los niños y jóvenes se empeñan en aventuras, ello sucede porque en la rosa de los vientos hay una dirección fundamental, a más de los puntos cardinales. Y esa dirección tiene su propio nombre: el misterio.

Although formulas have greatly improved over the years, no formula can fully replicate the immunological benefits of mother’s milk. In the summer of 2018, the administration of President Donald Trump provoked dismay among many health authorities by opposing an international resolution to encourage breast-feeding and reportedly threatened Ecuador, the sponsor of the initiative, with trade sanctions if it didn’t change its position. Cynics pointed out that the infant formula industry, which is worth $70 billion a year, might have had a hand in determining the U.S. position. A Department of Health and Human Services spokesperson denied that that was the case and said that America was merely “fighting to protect women’s abilities to make the best choices for the nutrition of their babies” and to make sure that they were not denied access to formula—something the resolution wouldn’t have done anyway.

By his early-twenties, John F. Kennedy was living one of the most extraordinary young American lives of the twentieth century. He traveled in an orbit of unprecedented wealth, influence, global mobility, and power. As a student and as diplomatic assistant to his father, who served as U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 to 1940, Kennedy journeyed to England, Ireland, France, Moscow, Berlin, Beirut, Damascus, Athens, and Turkey, pausing briefly from a vacation on the French Riviera to sleep with the actress Marlene Dietrich. He met with top White House officials and traveled to Cuba, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Santiago, Peru, and Ecuador. He gambled in a casino in Monte Carlo; visited Naples, Capri, Milan, Florence, Venice, and Rome; rode a camel at the Great Pyramid at Giza; attended the coronation of Pope Pius XII; and witnessed a rally for Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. He recalled of these momentous years, 'It was a great opportunity to see a period of history which was one of the most significant.' In a visit to British-occupied Palestine, Kennedy recalled, 'I saw the rock where our Lord ascended into heaven in a cloud, and [in] the same area, I saw the place where Mohammed was carried up to heaven on a white horse.

Así opinaba el "Libertador" sobre Quito: "...hombres tan malvados e ingratos. Yo creo que le he dicho a Vd., antes de ahora, que los quiteños son los peores colombianos. El hecho es que siempre lo he pensado, y que se necesita un rigor triple que el que se emplearía en otra parte. Los venezolanos son unos santos en comparación de esos malvados. Los quiteños y los peruanos son la misma cosa: viciosos hasta la infamia y bajos hasta el extremo. Los blancos tienen el carácter de los indios, y los indios son todos truchimanes, todos ladrones, todos embusteros, todos falsos, sin ningún principio de moral que los guíe." Bolívar a Santander, Pativilca, 7 de enero de 1824

From the Author Matthew 16:25 says, “For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.”  This is a perfect picture of the life of Nate Saint; he gave up his life so God could reveal a greater glory in him and through him. I first heard the story of Operation Auca when I was eight years old, and ever since then I have been inspired by Nate’s commitment to the cause of Christ. He was determined to carry out God’s will for his life in spite of fears, failures, and physical challenges. For several years of my life, I lived and ministered with my parents who were missionaries on the island of Jamaica. My experiences during those years gave me a passion for sharing the stories of those who make great sacrifices to carry the gospel around the world. As I wrote this book, learning more about Nate Saint’s life—seeing his spirit and his struggles—was both enlightening and encouraging to me. It is my prayer that this book will provide a window into Nate Saint’s vision—his desires, dreams, and dedication. I pray his example will convince young people to step out of their comfort zones and wholeheartedly seek God’s will for their lives. That is Nate Saint’s legacy: changing the world for Christ, one person and one day at a time.   Nate Saint Timeline 1923 Nate Saint born. 1924 Stalin rises to power in Russia. 1930 Nate’s first flight, aged 7 with his brother, Sam. 1933 Nate’s second flight with his brother, Sam. 1936 Nate made his public profession of faith. 1937 Nate develops bone infection. 1939 World War II begins. 1940 Winston Churchill becomes British Prime Minister. 1941 Nate graduates from Wheaton College. Nate takes first flying lesson. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. 1942 Nate’s induction into the Army Air Corps. 1943 Nate learns he is to be transferred to Indiana. 1945 Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan by U.S. 1946 Nate discharged from the Army. 1947 Nate accepted for Wheaton College. 1948 Nate and Marj are married and begin work in Eduador. Nate crashes his plane in Quito. 1949 Nate’s first child, Kathy, is born. Germany divided into East and West. 1950 Korean War begins. 1951 Nate’s second child, Stephen, is born. 1952 The Saint family return home to the U.S. 1953 Nate comes down with pneumonia. Nate and Henry fly to Ecuador. 1954 The first nuclear-powered submarine is launched. Nate’s third child, Phillip, is born. 1955 Nate is joined by Jim Elliot, Ed McCully, Peter Fleming and Roger Youderian. Nate spots an Auca village for the first time. Operation Auca commences. 1956 The group sets up camp four miles from the Auca territory. Nate and the group are killed on “Palm Beach”.

Another dangerous neoliberal word circulating everywhere that is worth zooming in on is the word ‘resilience’. On the surface, I think many people won’t object to the idea that it is good and beneficial for us to be resilient to withstand the difficulties and challenges of life. As a person who lived through the atrocities of wars and sanctions in Iraq, I’ve learnt that life is not about being happy or sad, not about laughing or crying, leaving or staying. Life is about endurance. Since most feelings, moods, and states of being are fleeting, endurance, for me, is the common denominator that helps me go through the darkest and most beautiful moments of life knowing that they are fleeing. In that sense, I believe it is good for us to master the art of resilience and endurance. Yet, how should we think about the meaning of ‘resilience’ when used by ruling classes that push for wars and occupations, and that contribute to producing millions of deaths and refugees to profit from plundering the planet? What does it mean when these same warmongers fund humanitarian organizations asking them to go to war-torn countries to teach people the value of ‘resilience’? What happens to the meaning of ‘resilience’ when they create frighteningly precarious economic structures, uncertain employment, and lay off people without accountability? All this while also asking us to be ‘resilient’… As such, we must not let the word ‘resilience’ circulate or get planted in the heads of our youth uncritically. Instead, we should raise questions about what it really means. Does it mean the same thing for a poor young man or woman from Ghana, Ecuador, Afghanistan vs a privileged member from the upper management of a U.S. corporation? Resilience towards what? What is the root of the challenges for which we are expected to be resilient? Does our resilience solve the cause or the root of the problem or does it maintain the status quo while we wait for the next disaster? Are individuals always to blame if their resilience doesn’t yield any results, or should we equally examine the social contract and the entire structure in which individuals live that might be designed in such a way that one’s resilience may not prevail no matter how much perseverance and sacrifice one demonstrates? There is no doubt that resilience, according to its neoliberal corporate meaning, is used in a way that places the sole responsibility of failure on the shoulders of individuals rather than equally holding accountable the structure in which these individuals exist, and the precarious circumstances that require work and commitment way beyond individual capabilities and resources. I find it more effective not to simply aspire to be resilient, but to distinguish between situations in which individual resilience can do, and those for which the depth, awareness, and work of an entire community or society is needed for any real and sustainable change to occur. But none of this can happen if we don’t first agree upon what each of us mean when we say ‘resilience,’ and if we have different definitions of what it means, then we should ask: how shall we merge and reconcile our definitions of the word so that we complement not undermine what we do individually and collectively as people. Resilience should not become a synonym for surrender. It is great to be resilient when facing a flood or an earthquake, but that is not the same when having to endure wars and economic crises caused by the ruling class and warmongers. [From “On the Great Resignation” published on CounterPunch on February 24, 2023]

now I would almost arrest Glenn Greenwald, who’s the journalist who seems to want to help him get to Ecuador.

When James Larrick and his colleagues studied the still relatively isolated Waorani Indians of Ecuador, they found no evidence of hypertension, heart disease, or cancer. No anemia or common cold. No internal parasites. No sign of previous exposure to polio, pneumonia, smallpox, chicken pox, typhus, typhoid, syphilis, tuberculosis, malaria, or serum hepatitis.16 This is not as surprising as it may seem, given that almost all these diseases either originated in domesticated animals or depend upon high-density population for easy transmission. The deadliest infectious diseases and parasites that have plagued our species could not have spread until after the transition to agriculture.

escritura automática, cadáveres exquisitos, performances de una sola persona y sin espectadores, contraintes, escritura a dos manos, a tres manos, escritura masturbatoria (con la derecha escribimos, con la izquierda nos masturbamos, o al revés si eres zurdo), madrigales, poemas-novela, sonetos cuya última palabra siempre es la misma, mensajes de sólo tres palabras escritos en las paredes («No puedo más», «Laura, te amo», etc.), diarios desmesurados, mail-poetry, projective verse, poesía conversacional, antipoesía, poesía concreta brasileña (escrita en portugués de diccionario), poemas en prosa policíacos (se cuenta con extrema economía una historia policial, la última frase la dilucida o no), parábolas, fábulas, teatro del absurdo, pop-art, haikús, epigramas (en realidad imitaciones o variaciones de Catulo, casi todas de Moctezuma Rodríguez), poesía-desperada (baladas del Oeste), poesía georgiana, poesía de la experiencia, poesía beat, apócrifos de bp—Nichol, de John Giorno, de John Cage (A Yearfrom Monday), de Ted Berrigan, del hermano Antoninus, de Armand Schwerner (The Tablets), poesía letrista, caligramas, poesía eléctrica (Bulteau, Messagier), poesía sanguinaria (tres muertos como mínimo), poesía pornográfica (variantes heterosexual, homosexual y bisexual, independientemente de la inclinación particular del poeta), poemas apócrifos de los nadaístas colombianos, horazerianos del Perú, catalépticos de Uruguay, tzantzicos de Ecuador, caníbales brasileños, teatro Nó proletario...

The stems she is examining have been on a miraculous journey. Picked a few days ago, perhaps in Ecuador, maybe in Japan or Thailand, they were doused in herbicides, driven to an airport and stuck in the belly of a passenger plane, along with the two other great globetrotting perishables of the jet age, sushi and corpses.

Between social mobilization and liberal democracy From Alexis de Tocqueville onward there has been a large body of democratic theory arguing that modern liberal democracy cannot exist without a vigorous civil society.29 The mobilization of social groups allows weak individuals to pool their interests and enter the political system; even when social groups do not seek political objectives, voluntary associations have spillover effects in fostering the ability of individuals to work with one another in novel situations—what is termed social capital. The correlation noted above linking economic growth to stable liberal democracy presumably comes about via the channel of social mobilization: growth entails the emergence of new social actors who then demand representation in a more open political system and press for a democratic transition. When the political system is well institutionalized and can accommodate these new actors, then there is a successful transition to full democracy. This is what happened with the rise of farmers’ movements and socialist parties in Britain and Sweden in the early decades of the twentieth century, and in South Korea after the fall of the military dictatorship in 1987. A highly developed civil society can also pose dangers for democracy and can even lead to political decay. Groups based on ethnic or racial chauvinism spread intolerance; interest groups can invest effort in zero-sum rent seeking; excessive politicization of economic and social conflicts can paralyze societies and undermine the legitimacy of democratic institutions. 30 Social mobilization can lead to political decay. The Huntingtonian process whereby political institutions failed to accommodate demands of new social actors for participation arguably happened in Bolivia and Ecuador in the 1990s and 2000s with the repeated unseating of elected presidents by highly mobilized social groups.31

GRINGO POST

GRINGO TREE

En todas las épocas la filosofía del bufón muestra como dudoso lo que parece indiscutible, revela contradicciones en lo que se presenta obvio e incontrovertible, se burla del sentido común y encuentra sentido en el absurdo... De acuerdo con la época y el lugar, el pensamiento del bufón puede abarcar todas las gamas de la reflexión, porque lo que hoy es sagrado ayer fue paradójico y las verdades absolutas en el ecuador son a menudo blasfemias en los polos... Nos declaramos en favor de la filosofía bufonesca, y por lo tanto en guardia contra cualquier verdad absolutaltt.

2008, Corea del Sur registró 80 000 patentes a nivel mundial, contra 582 de Brasil, 325 de México, 79 de Argentina, 87 de Cuba, 12 de Colombia, 9 de Costa Rica, 7 de Perú, y 2 de Ecuador.21

The New York State Department of Corrections has collected information about the top ten nationalities in its prisons for years—a practice that will presumably end as soon as this book is published. Foreign inmates were 70 percent more likely to have committed a violent crime than American criminals. They were also twice as likely to have committed a class A felony, such as aggravated murder, kidnapping, and terrorism.19 In 2010, the top ten countries of the foreign-born inmates were:           Dominican Republic: 1,314           Jamaica: 849           Mexico: 523           Guyana: 289           El Salvador: 245           Cuba: 242           Trinidad and Tobago: 237           Haiti: 201           Ecuador: 189           Colombia: 16820 Most readers are agog at the number of Dominicans in New York prisons, having spent years reading New York Times articles about Dominicans’ “entrepreneurial zeal,”21 and “traditional immigrant virtues.”22 Even in an article about the Dominicans’ domination of the crack cocaine business, the Times praised their “savvy,” which had allowed them to become “highly successful” drug dealers, then hailed their drug-infested neighborhoods as the “embodiment of the American Dream—a vibrant, energetic urban melting pot.”23

Panama hats originated in Ecuador.

tampoco es casual que pequeños países que no tienen materias primas, como Singapur, Taiwán o Israel, tengan economías muchísimo más prósperas que las de países riquísimos en petróleo, como Venezuela, Ecuador o Nigeria; o que los hombres más ricos del mundo sigan siendo empresarios como Bill Gates, Carlos Slim o Warren Buffet, que producen tecnología o servicios, pero no materias primas.

En una región del mundo con frecuencia conocida por su cultura machista, en los últimos años, mujeres de gran poder y talento han gobernado a Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Panamá, Nicaragua, Guyana y Trinidad y Tobago, y también se han desempeñado como gobernantes interinas en Ecuador y Bolivia.

En el año 1980, durante su visita a Quito los reyes de España Juan Carlos y Sofía expresaron su interés en presentar una ofrenda floral al monumento de Atahualpa. Paradójicamente, la ciudad que se precia como la cuna de Atahualpa no contaba con NINGÚN monumento en memoria al Inca.

So they wrote parts of this decision hammering them as bad as anybody in world history has ever been hammered so that they could then attack it because the judge copied the bad stuff from them. Oh, please, Mr. Veselka. No. If I misunderstood you, please tell me…. I have to give you credit for imagination on that, Mr. Veselka. I mean, really.” The

Lehder was a supplier?” “One of the fellas who popped up when the Cali and Medellín cartels fell. Little operations popped up all over down there, maybe thirty or forty of’m. Some of’m aren’t so little anymore.” “Was Meesh hooked up with someone named Esteban Barone?” “Sorry. I couldn’t tell you.” “Barone is out of Ecuador.” “All I knew was Lehder.” Six years was a long time. Meesh probably started with Lehder, then branched out to Barone and the other cartels. One hundred twenty million dollars was a lot of investment capital.

Barack Obama promised change. Then, upon election, he chose Hillary Rodham Clinton as his Secretary of State. This was an early sign that when it came to foreign policy there would be no real change – at least, no change for the better. The first real test of “change” in U.S. foreign policy came six months later on June 28, 2009, when armed forces overthrew the elected President of Honduras, Manuel Zelaya. It is easy to see what real change would have meant. The United States could have vigorously condemned the coup and demanded that the legitimate President be reinstated. Considering U.S. influence in Honduras, especially its powerful military bases there, U.S. “resolve” would have given teeth to anti-coup protests in Honduras and throughout the Hemisphere. That is not the way it happened. Instead, we got a first sample of the way Hillary Rodham Clinton treats the world. She calls it “smart power”. We can translate that as hypocrisy and manipulation. In early June 2009, Hillary flew to Honduras for the annual meeting of the Organization of American States with one thing in mind: how to prevent the lifting of the 47-year-old ban excluding Cuba, which a large majority of the OAS now considered “an outdated artifact of the Cold War”. Moreover, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Bolivia and Ecuador would go as far as to characterize the ban, for some strange reason, as “an example of U.S. bullying”.

C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1296-1299 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 21:51:42 La modificación desarrollada por el Acuerdo de enmiendas aprobado por la Ley 829 de 2003 introduce un cambio radical en la estructura financiera y operativa de INTELSAT que va hasta la transformación de su naturaleza jurídica: de ser una cooperativa intergubernamental, INTELSAT se convierte en una sociedad comercial sujeta a la vigilancia de un organismo intergubernamental. Las modificaciones fueron tan profundas que el acuerdo de enmiendas desarrolla prolijamente la transformación de casi todos los artículos del Acuerdo original. ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1372-1378 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:01:48 la franja de espacio en la cual dicha órbita es posible. Por ello algunos doctrinantes[10] prefieren hablar de una “órbita de los satélites geoestacionarios”, con lo cual pretenden referirse al segmento del espacio por el cual estos transitan. Sea como fuere, la órbita geoestacionaria así entendida es el anillo espacial de 150 kms de ancho y 30 kms de espesor que se ubica en el radio de proyección del ecuador a unos 36.000 kms (35.786 km) de la tierra y que permite, por razón de la gravedad, que un elemento depositado en ella tenga un periodo de rotación relativamente similar al periodo de rotación del planeta. ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1390-1394 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:04:15 la órbita es “un recurso natural escaso, cuyo valor e importancia aumentan paralelamente con el avance de la tecnología espacial y la creciente demanda de las comunicaciones entre todos los pueblos del mundo. Además, la órbita geoestacionaria es la única que puede ofrecer las facilidades actuales en relación con los servicios de telecomunicaciones y con otros usos que requieran los satélites geoestacionarios”[13]. ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1436-1441 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:16:03 Tanto la Resolución 1962 (XVIII) como el Tratado sobre el uso pacífico recogieron los principios generales aceptados en cuanto a la utilización del espacio ultraterrestre, tales como el de cooperación y asistencia mutua, responsabilidad del Estado, utilización pacífica y libertad de exploración. En particular, el Tratado añade algunas reglas adicionales, como son la que impone a los Estados la obligación de comunicar la información sobre sus actividades espaciales y la relativa a la prevención de la contaminación espacial[19]. ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1455-1459 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:17:21 el Tratado sobre los Principios que deben regir las actividades de los Estados en la exploración y utilización del espacio ultraterrestre, incluidos la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, señaló en su artículo II. “El espacio ultraterrestre, incluso la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, no podrá ser objeto de apropiación nacional por reivindicación ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1455-1459 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:17:27 el Tratado sobre los Principios que deben regir las actividades de los Estados en la exploración y utilización del espacio ultraterrestre, incluidos la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, señaló en su artículo II. “El espacio ultraterrestre, incluso la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, no podrá ser objeto de apropiación nacional por reivindicación de soberanía, uso u ocupación, ni de ninguna otra manera” ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1455-1459 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:17:42 el Tratado sobre los Principios que deben regir las actividades de los Estados en la exploración y utilización del espacio ultraterrestr

C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1296-1299 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 21:51:42 La modificación desarrollada por el Acuerdo de enmiendas aprobado por la Ley 829 de 2003 introduce un cambio radical en la estructura financiera y operativa de INTELSAT que va hasta la transformación de su naturaleza jurídica: de ser una cooperativa intergubernamental, INTELSAT se convierte en una sociedad comercial sujeta a la vigilancia de un organismo intergubernamental. Las modificaciones fueron tan profundas que el acuerdo de enmiendas desarrolla prolijamente la transformación de casi todos los artículos del Acuerdo original. ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1372-1378 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:01:48 la franja de espacio en la cual dicha órbita es posible. Por ello algunos doctrinantes[10] prefieren hablar de una “órbita de los satélites geoestacionarios”, con lo cual pretenden referirse al segmento del espacio por el cual estos transitan. Sea como fuere, la órbita geoestacionaria así entendida es el anillo espacial de 150 kms de ancho y 30 kms de espesor que se ubica en el radio de proyección del ecuador a unos 36.000 kms (35.786 km) de la tierra y que permite, por razón de la gravedad, que un elemento depositado en ella tenga un periodo de rotación relativamente similar al periodo de rotación del planeta. ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1390-1394 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:04:15 la órbita es “un recurso natural escaso, cuyo valor e importancia aumentan paralelamente con el avance de la tecnología espacial y la creciente demanda de las comunicaciones entre todos los pueblos del mundo. Además, la órbita geoestacionaria es la única que puede ofrecer las facilidades actuales en relación con los servicios de telecomunicaciones y con otros usos que requieran los satélites geoestacionarios”[13]. ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1436-1441 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:16:03 Tanto la Resolución 1962 (XVIII) como el Tratado sobre el uso pacífico recogieron los principios generales aceptados en cuanto a la utilización del espacio ultraterrestre, tales como el de cooperación y asistencia mutua, responsabilidad del Estado, utilización pacífica y libertad de exploración. En particular, el Tratado añade algunas reglas adicionales, como son la que impone a los Estados la obligación de comunicar la información sobre sus actividades espaciales y la relativa a la prevención de la contaminación espacial[19].

C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1455-1459 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:17:21 el Tratado sobre los Principios que deben regir las actividades de los Estados en la exploración y utilización del espacio ultraterrestre, incluidos la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, señaló en su artículo II. “El espacio ultraterrestre, incluso la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, no podrá ser objeto de apropiación nacional por reivindicación ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1455-1459 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:17:27 el Tratado sobre los Principios que deben regir las actividades de los Estados en la exploración y utilización del espacio ultraterrestre, incluidos la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, señaló en su artículo II. “El espacio ultraterrestre, incluso la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, no podrá ser objeto de apropiación nacional por reivindicación de soberanía, uso u ocupación, ni de ninguna otra manera” ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1455-1459 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:17:42 el Tratado sobre los Principios que deben regir las actividades de los Estados en la exploración y utilización del espacio ultraterrestre, incluidos la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, señaló en su artículo II. “El espacio ultraterrestre, incluso la Luna y otros cuerpos celestes, no podrá ser objeto de apropiación nacional por reivindicación de soberanía, uso u ocupación, ni de ninguna otra manera” ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1507-1538 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:22:42 Desde la firma del Tratado sobre la utilización pacífica del espacio ultraterrestre, en 1967, la comunidad internacional aceptó la vigencia del principio de res communis omnium que hace de la órbita geoestacionaria un bien común de la humanidad, dispuesto para la explotación de todos los países. No obstante, en noviembre de 1976, durante una conferencia de ocho países ecuatoriales que tuvo lugar en Bogotá, los Estados de Brasil, Congo, Ecuador, Indonesia, Kenia, Uganda, Zaire y Colombia emitieron una reclamación internacional, conocida como la Declaración de Bogotá, en la cual afirmaron su soberanía nacional sobre el segmento de órbita geoestacionaria correspondiente a su territorio, por considerarla vinculada al territorio nacional subyacente. La Declaración se fundamenta en que la afirmación de que la órbita geoestacionaria no es parte del espacio ultraterrestre, toda vez que su existencia depende exclusivamente de la ley de la gravitación. En este sentido, los países signatarios manifestaron que cualquier objeto puesto en dicha órbita requería autorización expresa del estado afectado, apartándose así de la opinión hasta ese momento imperante según la cual, la órbita geoestacionaria era bien común de la humanidad por estar localizada por fuera del espacio terrestre. En particular, los argumentos expuestos en la Declaración de Bogotá sostienen que la órbita geoestacionaria es un recurso limitado sobre el cual los países ecuatoriales ejercen soberanía directa, de conformidad con las disposiciones internacionales[25]; que las definiciones sobre espacio ultraterrestre no son concluyentes, por lo que no se puede establecer con plena certeza si la órbita hace parte de él[26]; que la prohibición de apropiación no aplica en este caso, por falta de definición[27], y que la órbita geoestacionaria no fue regulada por el Tratado del Espacio de 1967[28]. En este sentido, la Declaración establece que para el emplazamiento de un satélite en la órbita geoestacionaria se requiere de autorización expresa por parte del país sobre cuyo segmento de órbita se ubica el artefacto, además de que la colocación de los mismos no confiere derecho alguno al país que lo realiza. Adicionalmente, la Declaración de Bogotá sos

C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1721-1742 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:37:57 Así entonces, a manera de conclusión, puede afirmarse que no existe una solución jurídica definitiva en el derecho internacional acerca de cómo se ejerce la soberanía sobre la órbita geoestacionaria. Con todo, es una realidad ineludible que esta Corporación debe emitir una decisión definitiva sobre la constitucionalidad del texto sometido a su revisión, determinando si el mismo se ajusta o no a la Carta Política. Por ello, el hecho de que no exista una norma internacional determinante no exonera a este tribunal de decidir sobre la exequibilidad del Acuerdo bajo estudio. La primera opción conduciría entonces a declarar la inexequibilidad del Acuerdo de enmiendas al Acuerdo de “INTELSAT”, por considerar que el mismo, al permitir la explotación de la órbita geoestacionaria por parte de una empresa privada, atenta contra el principio de soberanía territorial consagrado expresamente en los artículos 101 y 102 de la Carta Política. Sin embargo, tal posición resulta incompleta a la luz del artículo 101 de la Constitución Política, en tanto que desatiende la segunda parte del texto del mismo, que prescribe la necesidad de someter la regulación jurídica de dicho componente a las previsiones del derecho internacional, el cual, si bien no asume una posición definitiva al respecto, sí evidencia una tendencia que no puede ser desatendida. Sostener que la órbita geoestacionaria, por lo menos el segmento de 5° que se eleva sobre el ecuador colombiano (desde los 70 a los 75 w aprox., unos 609,5 km.), no puede bajo ninguna condición someterse a un régimen distinto al de la soberanía absoluta y exclusiva, es desconocer la realidad del proceso evolutivo del derecho internacional en la materia y, por esa vía, desatender el mandato de la Constitución que ordena tener en cuenta dicha regulación en relación con el manejo de este aspecto de la soberanía nacional. Por ello, esta Corte considera que los esfuerzos que Colombia viene haciendo para que la comunidad internacional sea consciente de la necesidad de establecer un equilibrio entre el uso de la órbita geoestacionaria en provecho de toda la humanidad, y el derecho que tienen los países ecuatoriales a reclamar un régimen especial frente a la misma no se reconocen mediante una declaratoria de inexequibilidad de los instrumentos sometidos a estudio. ========== C-278-04 (daniel123das@hotmail.com) - Tu subrayado en la posición 1757-1766 | Añadido el lunes, 18 de mayo de 2015 22:40:13 Efectivamente, la Corte Constitucional ha establecido que las prescripciones constitucionales no pueden interpretarse de manera aislada, sino concertadamente, de modo que se entienda que el texto de la Carta es un bloque unificado en el que todos sus componentes interactúan de manea armónica. La decisión de declarar inexequible el texto del Acuerdo de enmiendas al Acuerdo de la INTELSAT con el argumento de que la soberanía nacional excluye cualquier ocupación de la órbita geoestacionaria por parte de otro estado o de cualquier organización privada implica, sin más, que Colombia se sustraería del sistema de interconexión satelital ofrecido por INTELSAT Ltda., pero, además, que estaría imposibilitada para suscribir en el futuro cualquier convenio internacional que tenga por objeto la explotación de dicho recurso; que se vería obligada a retirarse de aquellos tratados que ya ha suscrito en relación con el tema (caso del Acuerdo Constitutivo de la Organizacion Andina de Telecomunicaciones por Satelite OATS -1988-, aprobado por la ley 49 de 1989), y que, por lo menos jurídicamente, resultaría en extremo problemático que se sirviera de los servicios prestados por organismos o empresas que emplacen satélites en el arco de 5° correspondiente al segmento de órbita geoestacionaria que se eleva sobre nuestro territorio. ========== C-278-04 (da

El holocausto alemán aún no es reconocido como tal.

Nature or Pachamama ["Mother Universe"] has the right to exist, persist, maintain and regenerate its vital cycles, structure, functions and processes in evolution. The State will apply precaution and restrictive measures in all activities that can lead to the extinction of species, the destruction of ecosystems or the permanent alteration of natural cycles. Persons, people, communities and nationalities have the right to benefit from the environment and from natural wealth that allows well-being. -First, fourth, and fifth articles concerning rights of nature in Ecuador's new constitution, adopted in 2009

El calentamiento es principalmente un fenómeno polar, y esto significa que las zonas de alta latitud son cuatro veces más sensibles al cambio climático que el ecuador.

Eloy Alfaro... el que intentó varias veces vender el Archipiélago de Galápagos ya a Norte América, ya al Japón y al fin a Alemania en tres mil millones de marcos y que no lo vendió porque Inglaterra puso el veto a la venta alegando ser Inglaterra dueña del Archipiélago y el Ecuador un 'benévolo administrador'.

Chief Marilyn Slett, president of Coastal First Nations, is well aware of the forest's importance: "Our leaders understand our well being is connected to the well being of our land and waters...If we use our knowledge and our wisdom to look after [them], they will look after us into the future." The Kichiwa of Sarayaku, Ecuador, see their forest as "the most exalted expression of life itself.

Otavalo, Ecuador Haiku Bright colored sweaters. Bought coca leaves at outdoor market; Now I'll trek higher.

The river is not a passageway for lifeless water molecules but a life-form. I hear the Amazonian Sarayaku activist’s words: Rivers are alive and sing; this is our politics. Humans are part of this multitude. Do dams and manipulations by humans tame the river, somehow draining it of its wild nature? No. The hand that writes water-management plans, the page or screen on which words appear, the engineers who devised dams, and the flow of the South Platte in the city are as wild, natural, and at home in this world as the waters upstream. We too are nature. Unsunderable. To believe otherwise is to impose a duality on the world. The South Platte runs through a land created by this fissured imagination. The river gathers its first waters from mountains national parks, forests, and wilderness areas. For some people these areas are places for a grand escape, sacred groves in which to visit Nature, and the last refuge of imperiled ecosystems. For the indigenous and other peoples who were removed and barred from reentry, the same areas are postapocalyptic landscapes...the Sarayaku oppose national parks in Ecuador, knowing the endgame of the idea. They prefer the term “living forests” where Life is understood to include people and the knowledge that swells within people’s many relationships with other species.

The importance of natural diversity in this tiny nation cannot be overstated. It’s even written in the constitution: Ecuador is the only country in the world to recognize “Rights of Nature”—the idea that ecosystems have inalienable rights, just like people do—at the highest legal level. “Nature, or Pachamama, where life is reproduced and occurs, has the right to integral respect for its existence,” states Article 71 of the country’s constitution, in accordance with the Ecuadorian concept of Buen Vivir, which emphasizes harmony with other people and nature above material development.

Manuel Bravo (Ecuador) Mi primera maratón fue en Nueva York, la competencia más famosa del mundo. Pero me gustaría compartirles lo que pensé al completarla: He conseguido lo que muy pocas personas en el mundo pueden lograr. He preguntado en todas partes: ¿Por qué la gente corre Maratones? Yo creo que es porque necesitamos probar nuestras facultades físicas, emocionales y espirituales. Después de todo, en nuestro diario vivir no hay ocasión de “dar todo lo que llevamos dentro”. No podemos tener alas para volar, no podemos cantar sin una buena voz, o bailar si no somos bailarines. La mayoría de nosotros nunca actuará en un escenario, pero tanto si eres un atleta de talla mundial o un corredor popular, el maratón es un escenario; un escenario de calles en las que actuamos y nos sentimos orgullosos mientras millones de personas aplauden, es como conseguir una prolongada ovación del público puesto en pie.

Tú eres el personaje principal, yo soy un personaje secundario que no hace una sola aparición hasta que la historia ya ha pasado de su ecuador.

Raúl Reyes, se escondía en Ecuador,

As they continued, Humboldt also investigated the cinchona forests in Loja (in today’s Ecuador) and once again recognized how humankind devastated the environment. The bark of the cinchona tree contains quinine which was used to treat malaria, but once the bark was removed, the trees died. The Spanish had stripped huge swathes of wild forest. Older and thicker trees, Humboldt noted, had now become scarce. Humboldt’s enquiring mind seemed inexhaustible. He studied layers of rocks, climate patterns and the ruins of Inca temples, and was also fascinated with geomagnetism – the study of the magnetic fields of the earth. As they climbed across mountain chains and descended into valleys, he set up his instruments. Humboldt’s curiosity originated in his urge to understand nature globally, as a network of forces and interrelationships – just as he had been interested in vegetation zones across continents and the occurrences of earthquakes. Since the seventeenth century scientists had known that the earth is itself a gigantic magnet. They also knew that the needle of a compass doesn’t show the true north, because the magnetic North Pole is not the same as the geographic North Pole. To make matters even more confusing, the magnetic north and south move, which caused great navigational problems. What scientists didn’t know was whether the intensity of magnetic fields across the world varied randomly, or systematically, from location to location. As Humboldt had moved south along the Andes from Bogotá to Quito, coming closer to the Equator, he had measured how the earth’s magnetic field decreased. To his surprise, even after they had crossed the Equator near Quito the intensity of the magnetic field had continued to drop, until they reached the barren Cajamarca Plateau in Peru which was more than 7 degrees and about 500 miles south of the geographic Equator. It was only here that the dip of the needle turned from north to south: Humboldt had discovered the magnetic equator. They

Sergio ha descubierto para su mal, que bíblicamente hablando, el tiempo del trabajo es el tiempo de la condena. Se repite y multiplica de una manera muy diversa. El oficinista que espera ansioso la hora de salida de su oficina, o el fin de semana, o sus vacaciones anuales y más tarde su jubilación, y el preso que comparte una condena fija, comparten una misma espantosa paradoja: en nombre de la vida, quieren que el tiempo pase, sin percatarse de que así el tiempo que anhelan perder es el único tiempo suyo, el tiempo de su vida, un tiempo que nadie les podrá devolver. Un día lo descubren, y entonces ya no pueden dormir en paz.

Aquí aparece la personalidad del Libertador en su auténtica esencia: ha de mandar él sólo, o se retira; no admite ni compañeros de poder ni émulos; el último personaje por él desalojado fue San Martín. Y el único a quien permitía ascender y ascender, hasta dejarlo situarse a una misma altura, en la guerra y en la política, era Sucre. “Sucre es el venezolano de más mérito que yo conozco –había escrito cuatro meses atrás en Guayaquil, confesándoselo al vicepresidente Santander–; y como Dios le dé una victoria, será mi rival en sucesos militares, porque del Ecuador para el sur lo habrá hecho todo, hasta el Potosí”.

Obando, en su acusación, dijo que Flores había sido el único beneficiario del crimen. En el Ecuador consideraban cuestión evidente que, llegado Sucre a Quito, se le elegiría a él presidente de la nueva República, una vez reunida la Asamblea Constituyente que se hallaba convocada.

Al general Flores, a partir de su segunda presidencia del Ecuador se le desarticula la existencia. Se hace elegir para un tercer período, fijado en ocho años. La nación entera se alza y lo expulsa. En España se entiende con la reina regente María Cristina (1846) para una empresa que parecía involucrar la reconquista. Hasta se pensó en el príncipe Juan para una actuación gubernativa, en unión de Flores.

Los padres de familia del Ecuador han visto con asombro que algunos escritores exaltados de Venezuela se han avanzado a pedir que V. E. no pueda volver al país donde vio la luz primera, y es por esta razón que nos dirigimos a V. E. suplicándole que se sirva elegir para su residencia esta tierra, que adora a V. E. y admira sus virtudes. Venga V. E. a tomar asiento en la cima del soberbio Chimborazo, a donde no alcanzan los tiros de la maledicencia, a donde ningún mortal, sino Bolívar, puede reposar con una gloria inefable. El obispo expresaba: Venga V. E. a vivir entre nosotros, seguro de que recibirá siempre los homenajes de gratitud y respeto que otros olvidados ofenden o no corresponden. Esta es mi voz: es la del clero.

Pero no eran esos los que querían eliminarlo. Había cuestiones más profundas. Lograda la independencia, cada zona de lucha afrontó sus propios problemas. La Argentina padeció la desmembración de su territorio en tres puntos: la provincia del Paraguay, que se constituyó en República aparte; la oriental del Uruguay, que hizo lo propio; y las dos del Norte, que entraron a integrar, con dos peruanas, la nación Bolivia. La región centroamericana separada de México y rota su unidad, se volverá cinco países. La isla de Haití, fraccionada, hará dos Repúblicas. Y el gran bloque colombiano, estructurado por Bolívar en 1819, en Angostura, está en este momento –mayo de 1830– reduciéndose a pedazos. Venezuela se ha separado ya, radicalmente; el Ecuador acaba de constituirse en soberanía propia, regida por el venezolano Juan José Flores. ¿Quiénes se opusieron a esa desmembración? Bolívar y Sucre. El primero, contra el cual no alcanzaron éxito los puñales en la “noche septembrina” va al destierro –la muerte no le permitirá pasar de San Pedro Alejandrino, en la Nueva Granada–, entregado el poder al nuevo Presidente, el general

Bolívar was one of the shapers of the modern world, leading his ragged band of followers to take on what was then the longest enduring empire, that of Spain, which disposed of some 36,000 troops and 44,000 seamen to preserve an entire continent in its iron grip. He liberated no fewer than six modern countries from the Spanish stranglehold – Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Panama – in a series of astonishing marches that led his army across Amazonian rainforests, sodden marshes, dizzying mountains, parched outbacks and prosperous highlands to exceed the achievements of the conquistadors, Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro (because the Spanish empire was so much better armed than the Aztecs and the Incas).

Detrás del bosque de Polylepis, muere el sol. Está alto, tan alto que sus árboles parecieran haber tenido que inclinarse para no tocar las nubes. Los Polylepis son árboles de páramo. Sus troncos se descascaran y dejan caer pedazos de hojas vivas y suaves. El viento que les llega es tan fuerte que crecen inclinados, torcidos, deformados por los ventarrones, ahora a un lado, ahora al otro; casi paralelos al piso, sus troncos serpentean.

Outright collapse is not an outlandish scenario for petrostates like Ecuador or Venezuela, where the virus could overwhelm the countries’ few functioning hospitals very quickly.

To the joyous relief of Ecuador, South America, and the entire Spanish-speaking world, and to the deep and confounded embarrassment of everyone else, the system worked beautifully; the small Ecuadorian satellite disappeared from Earth’s orbit, and a few minutes later every telescope on Earth could detect it orbiting Mars, unfurling an enormous banner that read: SUCK ON THIS, DUMB-ASS GRINGOS!

Syphilis seems to have existed in the Americas before 1492—the third argument. In the mid-1990s Bruce and Christine Rothschild, researchers at the Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio, in Youngstown, inspected 687 ancient Indian skeletons from the United States and Ecuador for signs of syphilitic disease. Up to 40 percent of the skeletons from some areas showed its presence.

Communications in those days were too poor to permit us to document a transmission chain, but records show smallpox flaring in separate explosions to the south like a chain of firecrackers: Guatemala (1780–81), Colombia (1781–83), Ecuador (1783).

When New Orleans is destroyed and rebuilt, again and again, is that a failure of the Army Corps of Engineers, or is it the inevitable result of trying to build a coastal city below sea level? When that earthquake hit Ecuador, every death could have been prevented with better building codes. Those wildfires in British Columbia wouldn’t have been so destructive without decades of counterproductive fire suppression. I mean, look at the story you’re working on. How much less screwed would most Maldivians be if their own government wasn’t trying to profit from tragedy? The real disasters are poverty and shortsightedness. Systemic injustice turns disadvantaged into human shields against the brute force of nature pursuing its normal course. We create victims, and then we congratulate ourselves when we show them small mercies.

Cuando la estructura de una institución se ha vuelto corrupta -sobre todo de acuerdo a sus propios principios- criticarla es un acto de amistad.

A finales de 1998 se aprobó la Ley de Garantía de Depósitos, la cual creó la Agencia de Garantía de Depósitos (AGD) y estableció una garantía pública e ilimitada del 100% del monto de los depósitos del sistema financiero.

Markets should be subject to societies, not the other way around,

Live simply”, she said. “Don’t expect so much out of life. You can only be disappointed when your expectations are not met so strive for the best but keep your expectations simple.” I

It is now clear that we have hung on to too much for too long.

In December of 2007 human bones including skulls, which have been radiocarbon dated back to between 1304 and 1424, were found in a museum in Concepción, Chile. These skulls were originally discovered on Isla Mocha, which is located 25 miles off the south-central coast of Chile. Since some of them have definite telltale signs of being Polynesian, the strong suggestion is that there was a pre-Columbian interaction between the local Mapuche people and the Polynesian seafarers. This contact is further supported by forensic evidence found near the Chilean site of “El Arenal,” which is a sandy dune approximately 3 miles inland from the coast. Pottery found in Ecuador, predating the arrival of Columbus in America, have markings similar to pottery found on the southernmost island of Kyushu, Japan. Radiocarbon dating has determined the date of organics in the clay that survived the firing, or from food or liquids stored in the pottery, to be 4500 years old with a possible variance of 200 to 500 years, thus predating Columbus by a wide margin. There is no reason to doubt these findings, which indicate that Asians and Polynesians sailed to all parts of the Pacific Ocean, including the vast continents of North and South America that border it on its far eastern side. It was always assumed that Spaniards introduced Chickens to the new continent; however the chicken bones found at the site also dated back to this era, proving that it was the Polynesians that first brought this edible bird with them! The proof is conclusive…. America was discovered prior to Columbus!

While Washington strongly approved of diplomatic measures against the Axis, it did not generally encourage Latin America's active participation in the Allied war effort. The United States feared that this might actually provoke a direct Axis attack on Latin America, something neither Latin America nor the United States was adequately prepared to defend against.

I’ll die young; it’ll be just when I’m finally happy. Then something’ll happen, and all of a sudden I’ll be dead.” She looked at each of us in turn. “But that’s okay. I’ve been practically everywhere, I’ve seen so much: the morning most in Manhattan, or the jungle in Ecuador; I’ve been skydiving, I’ve had lots of lovers and a wild, difficult time, but before that I had a happy, sheltered one, too; and I’ve really learned a lot about death. It doesn’t matter if I die young, because I can still say that I’ve lived.” Marty just shook his head. “How arrogant does someone have to be to talk like that?” “How inhibited does someone have to be to call that arrogant?” As the two of them went on arguing, I strolled along the beach on my own. Liz was right, I thought. She loved unconditionally, wasted herself unconditionally, failed unconditionally.

Los feminismos negros han aportado invaluablemente al entendimiento de las opresiones y a la estructuración del poder. Un claro ejemplo de esa genealogía es el histórico discurso de la exesclava y abolicionista Sojourner Truth con “Ain’t I am Woman”, en 1851. Trazando esa línea de pensamiento negro, tenemos a Patricia Hill Collins, quien introduce la idea de matriz de dominación; colectivos como Combahee River Collective hablan de una simultaneidad de opresiones; feministas decoloniales, Ochy Curiel y Yuderkys Espinosa, sostienen la existencia de una imbricación de opresiones; académicas y juristas como Kimberlé Crenshaw trabajan con el término interseccionalidad. Todos estos aportes parten de la experiencia propia de las mujeres negras y denotan la realidad compleja que atraviesan. Pero, además, nos instan a entender las opresiones desde su no fragmentación. Esto es, sobre nuestres cuerpes y subjetividades operan múltiples categorías —como la “raza”, el “género”, la nacionalidad, la clase social, la orientación sexual— que nos ubican en diferentes lugares de opresión y privilegio; estas opresiones trabajan en conjunto, están entretramadas, no se pueden separar.

El mestizaje, como proyecto político e ideológico en América, fue y es un régimen de homogenización de las poblaciones en base a prácticas de exterminio, genocidio, esterilización forzada, despojo, ocultamiento, silenciamiento y narrativas coloniales que desacreditan o eliminan aportes de ciertas poblaciones (Schwarcz, 1994). Además, como menciona la teórica afrobrasileña Lélia Gonzalez (1988), el mestizaje se ha utilizado como herramienta de asimilación, instaurando una democracia racial donde los sujetos negros e indígenas se encuentran en posiciones de subordinación al interior de las clases más explotadas.

Para mí, encontrar las memorias del encuentro de 1990 o las del Congreso de 1982 ha presentado una alternativa decolonial a mis políticas de citación porque a quienes leemos, citamos, mencionamos es un acto político en sí y, para la praxis decolonial, esto implica cuestionar las geopolíticas del conocimiento y la colonialidad del saber. Hay ciertos documentos que circulan libremente, se traducen, se difunden —mayoritariamente de habla inglesa y lenguas coloniales producidos en el Norte global—. No pasa lo mismo con la producción de conocimiento hecha desde los Sures del mundo. Por esta razón, es sustancial detenernos a reflexionar con qué documentos, ideas y autores dialogamos y cómo nuestros propios trabajos se vuelven plataforma de difusión para ciertas voces.