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He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain that which he cannot lose." Jim Elliot, missionary to Auca indians in Ecuador
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Elisabeth Elliot (The Journals of Jim Elliot)
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The point of going somewhere like the Napo River in Ecuador is not to see the most spectacular anything. It is simply to see what is there.
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Annie Dillard (Teaching a Stone to Talk: Expeditions and Encounters)
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Jim Elliot was one of five American missionaries to Ecuador who were martyred by the Waodani Indians. He is famous for his statement “He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain that which he cannot lose.
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John F. MacArthur Jr. (Slave: The Hidden Truth About Your Identity in Christ)
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Ryan and Jethá tell us (p. 206) about a study of the Waorani of Ecuador which showed that they were free of most diseases and had no evidence of health problems such as hypertension, heart disease, or cancer (Larrick et al.1979).What they don’t add is that Larrick and his colleagues found that 42% of all population losses were actually caused by Waorani killing other Waorani.
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Lynn Saxon (Sex at Dusk: Lifting the Shiny Wrapping from Sex at Dawn)
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In Ecuador the Indian mate was too poor to buy Polaroid glasses but he saw the caudal fins of marlin long before my perfect eyes noticed anything. Benny played pool as if the cue stick emerged from his body. Not my alcohol & geometry. She was an asshole and I couldn't have loved her at gunpoint.
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Jim Harrison (A Good Day to Die)
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I hadn’t seen Krista Wallace for several years and the emotions it stirred when I did set eyes on her again surprised me. We had been a summer fling on the beaches of Ecuador, a brief yet sweet encounter before my intoxicating affair with Josselyn began. Perhaps the intensity of the latter had unfairly overshadowed the former.
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Bobby Underwood (The Long Gray Goodbye (Seth Halliday #2))
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One morning, as usual, Ahab went for a walk along the quarter-deck. He stopped before the mainmast and glanced at the gold coin nailed there. For the first time, Ahab seemed to be attracted by the strange figures and inscriptions stamped on it. He seemed to ask himself what they could mean. It was sanctified for a terrifying end and the sailors considered it the White Whale's talisman. In its round border it bore the letters "Republica del Ecuador: Quito'. Noble golden coins like that are medals of the sun and tropics.
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Herman Melville (Moby-Dick or, The Whale)
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In Ecuador, perhaps 50 per cent of adult Waoranis meet a violent death at the hands of another human!
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Yuval Noah Harari (Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind)
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Están mezclados con indios del Perú y el Ecuador, son súbditos del incanato, cuyo dominio llegó sólo al río Bío-Bío.
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Isabel Allende (Inés del alma mía)
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Ecuador era uno de los centros de operación clave del cártel por su cercanía con Colombia, Perú y Bolivia, los tres países productores de cocaína, y por su salida directa al Pacífico
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Anabel Hernández (Emma y las otras señoras del narco (Spanish Edition))
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The Yasuní plan was based on the premise that Ecuador, like all developing countries, is owed a debt for the inherent injustice of climate change—the fact that wealthy countries had used up most of the atmospheric capacity for safely absorbing CO2 before developing countries had a chance to industrialize. And since the entire world would reap the benefits of keeping that carbon in the ground (since it would help stabilize the global climate), it is unfair to expect Ecuador, as a poor country whose people had contributed little to the climate crisis, to shoulder the economic burden for giving up those potential petro dollars. Instead, that burden should be shared between Ecuador and the highly industrialized countries most responsible for the buildup of atmospheric carbon. This is not charity, in other words: if wealthy countries do not want poorer ones to pull themselves out of poverty in the same dirty way that we did, the onus is on Northern governments to help foot the bill.
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Naomi Klein (This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate)
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Had a real nice email from somebody who bought my book and said it took a lot of the "gringa" fear away from her before she and her husband go to Ecuador for various months. They are there now and I hope they love it.
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Ursula B. Borck
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What I felt at that moment wasn’t sorrow for the 9/11 victims, but mortification. Tiny Ecuador gave precious pottery as a token of its heritage. My nation, the hemisphere’s richest, offered only this: Share our fear and feel our pain. In a venue designed to promote global amity and understanding, the United States chose to emphasize how divided and troubled the world remained. It was a minor thing, really, a display in a little-visited Dominican museum. But still, the exhibit rankled: my own small wall of shame.
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Tony Horwitz (A Voyage Long and Strange: Rediscovering the New World)
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New Guinea, violence accounts for 30 per cent of male deaths in one agricultural tribal society, the Dani, and 35 per cent in another, the Enga. In Ecuador, perhaps 50 per cent of adult Waoranis meet a violent death at the hands of another human!3 In time, human
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Yuval Noah Harari (Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind)
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And that's acceptable to you?"
Faith took a second. "I always weigh it," she said. "Like with Ecuador. I'm ashamed of what happened. But those young women are free and presumably out of danger. I have to weigh that too, don't I? That's what it's about, this life. The weighing.
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Meg Wolitzer (The Female Persuasion)
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He looked like the Devil himself had come to Ecuador to find her. Maybe that had been the voice she’d heard. Maybe, because he was watching her with sapphire eyes framed by thick black brows. She peered over her shoulder, but when she looked back, he flashed a smile that gutted her.
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Zoraida Córdova (The Inheritance of Orquídea Divina)
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As my mom sees it, her dry, flaky skin is some immigrant’s vocational opportunity. Plus, hurting her offers immigrants a nifty cathartic therapy for venting their rage. Her chapped lips and split ends constitute someone’s rungs up the socioeconomic ladder to escape poverty. Sliding into middle age complete with cellulite and scaly elbows, my mother has become an economic engine, generating millions of dollars which will be wired to feed families and purchase cholera medicine in Ecuador. Should she ever decide to “let herself go,” no doubt tens of thousands would perish.
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Chuck Palahniuk (Damned (Damned #1))
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Simon BolIvar is often called "the George Washington of South
America" because of his role in the liberation of five South
American countries (Colombia, Venezula, Ecuador, Peru and
Bolivia) from Spanish rule. Few, if 'any, political figures have
played so dominant a role in the history of an entire continent as
he did.
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Michael H Hart (The 100: A Ranking Of The Most Influential Persons In History)
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Jim devoted ten days largely to prayer to make sure that this was indeed what God intended for him. He was given new assurance, and wrote to his parents of his intention to go to Ecuador. Understandably, they, with others who knew Jim well, wondered if perhaps his ministry might not be more effective in the United States, where so many know so little of the Bible's really message He replied: "I dare not stay home while Quiches perish. What if the well-filled church in the homeland needs stirring? They have the Scriptures Moses, and the prophets, and a whole lot more. Their condemnation is written on their bank books and in the dust on their Bible covers.
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Elisabeth Elliot (Through Gates of Splendor)
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Dr. Longo’s studies have also profiled a group of people in Ecuador called the Larons (named after the researcher that originally studied them, Zvi Laron). The Larons, who have absent growth hormone receptors, are unable to make IGF-1. These short adults are free from cancer and diabetes, similar to another group with the same syndrome in Brazil.
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Steven R. Gundry (The Longevity Paradox: How to Die Young at a Ripe Old Age (The Plant Paradox, #4))
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Todos aprendemos sin palabras las más importantes lecciones de la vida.
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Alfonso Barrera Valverde (El país de Manuelito)
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Se sabe que el más cuerdo de los sitios es aquel donde todos tienen libertad de cometer sus mejores locuras.
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Alfonso Barrera Valverde (El país de Manuelito)
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endeudamiento, ocasionó un rápido crecimiento de la deuda externa pública, la cual pasó de 229 millones de dólares en 1970 a 4.416 millones en 1981.
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Rafael Correa Delgado (Ecuador: de Banana Republic a la No República)
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La Ley AGD fue entonces el mejor incentivo para quebrar bancos, puesto que ellos quebraban y el Estado pagaba.
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Rafael Correa Delgado (Ecuador: de Banana Republic a la No República)
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What decides where we are born and into what kind of life and why?
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Angelina Jolie (Notes from My Travels: Visits with Refugees in Africa, Cambodia, Pakistan and Ecuador)
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Agustín lo observaba desde la puerta y al mirar a Paco así, indefenso, enfermo, inmundo y miserable, sintió, con una seguridad atroz, como una epifanía, que lo amaría siempre.
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Luis Borja Corral (Pequeños palacios en el pecho)
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Ordering online was all about ticking boxes. Species. Color. Size. Number. Grade of quality. Degree of openness. But there was something miraculous about seeing the flowers she'd imagined brought to life. Roses from Columbia. Chrysanthemums from Ecuador. Orchids from Thailand. Anemones and agapanthus from Spain. Stargazers and parrot tulips from the vast Dutch flower fields.
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Ella Griffin (The Flower Arrangement)
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If, twenty-five years ago, someone had described to you a country in which candidates threatened to lock up their rivals, political opponents accused the government of stealing the election or establishing a dictatorship, and parties used their legislative majorities to impeach presidents and steal supreme court seats, you might have thought of Ecuador or Romania. You probably would not have thought of the United States.
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Steven Levitsky (How Democracies Die: What History Reveals About Our Future)
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En México, a pesar de que el 80% de la población son trabajadores, solo el 10% de los legisladores alguna vez lo fueron.23 Esta desproporción en el perfil de los legisladores mexicanos es más grande que en muchos otros países de América Latina. México es el cuarto país con peor representación de trabajadores de la región, solo por debajo de Ecuador, Costa Rica y Paraguay.24 En general, en México el poder económico y el político están anormalmente concentrados y entrelazados.25
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Viri Ríos (No es normal (Spanish Edition))
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Isabela had almost been named Matilde, after Matilde Hidalgo, an illustrious suffragette who was the first woman to graduate high school in Ecuador, the first woman to cast a vote in Latin America, first to receive a bachelor’s degree, and on and on. A woman of so many firsts, the patriarch of the Montoyas thought the name too revolutionary. Instead, Isabela Belén Montoya Urbano was named after an aunt, whose mild temper and skill at the piano had won her a successful marriage.
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Zoraida Córdova (The Inheritance of Orquídea Divina)
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Ahí está el chofer de República Dominicana, el albañil de México, el mensajero de Ecuador, la peruana que cuida del estacionamiento, la colombiana que vende hot dogs o sombrillas sobre una banqueta. Todos medio escondidos en sus ropas y en sus líos migratorios. Todos extrañando al papá, a la novia, a la casa, a la playita, al monte, a la esquina que dejaron atrás. Todos muriéndose de frío. Entonces, ¿qué hacen aquí? ¿Por qué no se regresan a sus países de origen? Primero, lo obvio. El billete. Aquí hay trabajo y allá no.
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Jorge Ramos (Tierra de todos (Spanish Edition))
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For generations the official U.S. policy had been to support these regimes against any threat from their own citizens, who were branded automatically as Communists. When necessary, U.S. troops had been deployed in Latin America for decades to defend our military allies, many of whom were graduates of the U.S. Military Academy, spoke English, and sent their children to be educated in our country. They were often involved in lucrative trade agreements involving pineapples, bananas, bauxite, copper and iron ore, and other valuable commodities. When I became president, military juntas ruled in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. I decided to support peaceful moves toward freedom and democracy throughout the hemisphere. In addition, our government used its influence through public statements and our votes in financial institutions to put special pressure on the regimes that were most abusive to their own people, including Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. On visits to the region Rosalynn and I met with religious and other leaders who were seeking political change through peaceful means, and we refused requests from dictators to defend their regimes from armed revolutionaries, most of whom were poor, indigenous Indians or descendants of former African slaves. Within ten years all the Latin American countries I named here had become democracies, and The Carter Center had observed early elections in Panama, Nicaragua, Peru, Haiti, and Paraguay.
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Jimmy Carter (A Full Life: Reflections at Ninety)
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When specialization becomes so narrow that an archaeologist digging in tropic Ecuador is deemed incompetent on archaeology in tropic Mexico, then the reverse must be also the case, and it seems apparent that specialists are not the best people to draw broad conclusions. Unfortunately, too few universities are so far prepared to educate students to become specialists in horizontal research, i.e., train them to acquire an academic ability to piece together the fragments that vertical research brings forth from its deep trenches.
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Thor Heyerdahl (Early Man and the Ocean: A Search for the Beginnings of Navigation & Seaborne Civilizations)
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[…]Dijo Mary Pickford que las películas deben tener un desenlace alegre para las ciudades, y uno triste para las aldeas. El desenlace de nuestros espectáculos es el que corresponde a la aldea.
Lo que la ‘Novia de América’ no vio es el embrutecimiento imperialista de Sudamérica por las comedias musicales norteamericanas. En ellas se nos dan, fundidos, el arte más consumado con la estolidez moral y literaria más insultante.
[…] El cine debe ser interpretado en calidad de producto internacional, standard, hecho para todos los países del globo, con escenas movibles de quitar o poner, Según los diferentes mercados de consumo. Se trata, como es natural, de productos envasados para el expendio libre. El condimento patético o moral se usa según las distancias al ecuador, y las películas que destinan a nuestras gentes, traen en cierto modo las especies que gustamos. Ignoro qué cantidad de moralina se emplea para Buenos Aires.
[…] El cine puede servir de experiencia de arte y vida, pero también puede mutilar con traumas incurables los órganos de perfeccionamiento y vigorización del alma. (E.M.E., 1940)
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La cabeza de Goliat
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I must have roamed dementedly about for a time in the streets. When I at last got back to my own place, Faustine was again there ahead of me, coiled torpid in the bed like a loathsome boa-constrictor. She was already in the never-never land where ghouls like her belonged. I covered her face with one of the pillows, pressed down upon it with the weight of my whole body, held it there until she should have been dead ten times over. Yet when I removed the pillow to look, the black of strangulation was missing from her face. She was still in that state of suspended animation that defied me, a taunting smile visible about her lips.
I had a gun in my valise, from years before when I'd been on an engineering job in the jungles of Ecuador. I got it out, looked it over. It was still in good working order, although it only had one bullet left in it. That one would be enough. She wasn't going to escape me! I pressed the muzzle to her smooth white forehead, mid-center. "Die, damn you!" I growled, and pulled the trigger back. It exploded with a crash. A film of smoke hid her face from me for a minute. When it had cleared again, I looked.
There was no bullet-hole in her skull!
A black powder-smudge marked the point of contact. The gun dropped to the floor with a thud. That ineradicable smile still glimmered up at me, as if to say: "You see? You can't." I rubbed my finger over the black; the skin was unbroken underneath. A blank cartridge, that must have been it. I raised her head; there was a rent in the sheet under it. I probed through it with two fingers. I could feel the bullet lying imbedded down in the stuffing of the mattress.
("Vampire's Honeymoon)
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Cornell Woolrich (Vampire's Honeymoon)
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Así opinaba el "Libertador" sobre Quito: "...hombres tan malvados e ingratos. Yo creo que le he dicho a Vd., antes de ahora, que los quiteños son los peores colombianos. El hecho es que siempre lo he pensado, y que se necesita un rigor triple que el que se emplearía en otra parte. Los venezolanos son unos santos en comparación de esos malvados. Los quiteños y los peruanos son la misma cosa: viciosos hasta la infamia y bajos hasta el extremo. Los blancos tienen el carácter de los indios, y los indios son todos truchimanes, todos ladrones, todos embusteros, todos falsos, sin ningún principio de moral que los guíe." Bolívar a Santander, Pativilca, 7 de enero de 1824
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Francisco Núñez Proaño (Quito fue España)
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It so chanced that the doubloon of the Pequod was a most wealthy example of these things. On its round border it bore the letters, REPUBLICA DEL ECUADOR: QUITO. So this bright coin came from a country planted in the middle of the world, and beneath the great equator, and named after it; and it had been cast midway up the Andes, in the unwaning clime that knows no autumn. Zoned by those letters you saw the likeness of three Andes’ summits; from one a flame; a tower on another; on the third a crowing cock; while arching over all was a segment of the partitioned zodiac, the signs all marked with their usual cabalistics, and the keystone sun entering the equinoctial point at Libra.
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Herman Melville (Moby-Dick or, The Whale)
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El archipiélago de los Galápagos, situado en el Ecuador, está entre 500 y 600 millas de distancia de las costas de América del Sur. Casi todas las producciones de la tierra y del agua llevan allí el sello inequívoco del continente americano. Hay 26 aves terrestres, de las cuales 21, o quizá 23, son consideradas como especies diferentes; se admitiría ordinariamente que han sido creadas allí, y, sin embargo, la gran afinidad de la mayor parte de estas aves con especies americanas se manifiesta en todos los caracteres, en sus costumbres, gestos y timbre de voz. Lo mismo ocurre con otros animales y con una gran proporción de las plantas, como ha demostrado Hooker en su admirable flora de este archipiélago.
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Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (50 obras maestras que debes leer antes de morir: vol. 1)
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Pero lo más auténtico, lo que no confesaba a nadie, era que salía a buscar lo desconocido. Se preguntó si los hombres hacen alguna vez algo diferente.
- Deben existir marineros que descubren islas - se dijo.
Quedaba más allá de toda duda que si los niños y jóvenes se empeñan en aventuras, ello sucede porque en la rosa de los vientos hay una dirección fundamental, a más de los puntos cardinales. Y esa dirección tiene su propio nombre: el misterio.
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Alfonso Barrera Valverde (El país de Manuelito)
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Although formulas have greatly improved over the years, no formula can fully replicate the immunological benefits of mother’s milk. In the summer of 2018, the administration of President Donald Trump provoked dismay among many health authorities by opposing an international resolution to encourage breast-feeding and reportedly threatened Ecuador, the sponsor of the initiative, with trade sanctions if it didn’t change its position. Cynics pointed out that the infant formula industry, which is worth $70 billion a year, might have had a hand in determining the U.S. position. A Department of Health and Human Services spokesperson denied that that was the case and said that America was merely “fighting to protect women’s abilities to make the best choices for the nutrition of their babies” and to make sure that they were not denied access to formula—something the resolution wouldn’t have done anyway.
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Bill Bryson (The Body: A Guide for Occupants)
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By his early-twenties, John F. Kennedy was living one of the most extraordinary young American lives of the twentieth century. He traveled in an orbit of unprecedented wealth, influence, global mobility, and power. As a student and as diplomatic assistant to his father, who served as U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 to 1940, Kennedy journeyed to England, Ireland, France, Moscow, Berlin, Beirut, Damascus, Athens, and Turkey, pausing briefly from a vacation on the French Riviera to sleep with the actress Marlene Dietrich. He met with top White House officials and traveled to Cuba, Rio de Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Santiago, Peru, and Ecuador. He gambled in a casino in Monte Carlo; visited Naples, Capri, Milan, Florence, Venice, and Rome; rode a camel at the Great Pyramid at Giza; attended the coronation of Pope Pius XII; and witnessed a rally for Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. He recalled of these momentous years, 'It was a great opportunity to see a period of history which was one of the most significant.' In a visit to British-occupied Palestine, Kennedy recalled, 'I saw the rock where our Lord ascended into heaven in a cloud, and [in] the same area, I saw the place where Mohammed was carried up to heaven on a white horse.
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William Doyle
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escritura automática, cadáveres exquisitos, performances de una sola persona y sin espectadores, contraintes, escritura a dos manos, a tres manos, escritura masturbatoria (con la derecha escribimos, con la izquierda nos masturbamos, o al revés si eres zurdo), madrigales, poemas-novela, sonetos cuya última palabra siempre es la misma, mensajes de sólo tres palabras escritos en las paredes («No puedo más», «Laura, te amo», etc.), diarios desmesurados, mail-poetry, projective verse, poesía conversacional, antipoesía, poesía concreta brasileña (escrita en portugués de diccionario), poemas en prosa policíacos (se cuenta con extrema economía una historia policial, la última frase la dilucida o no), parábolas, fábulas, teatro del absurdo, pop-art, haikús, epigramas (en realidad imitaciones o variaciones de Catulo, casi todas de Moctezuma Rodríguez), poesía-desperada (baladas del Oeste), poesía georgiana, poesía de la experiencia, poesía beat, apócrifos de bp—Nichol, de John Giorno, de John Cage (A Yearfrom Monday), de Ted Berrigan, del hermano Antoninus, de Armand Schwerner (The Tablets), poesía letrista, caligramas, poesía eléctrica (Bulteau, Messagier), poesía sanguinaria (tres muertos como mínimo), poesía pornográfica (variantes heterosexual, homosexual y bisexual, independientemente de la inclinación particular del poeta), poemas apócrifos de los nadaístas colombianos, horazerianos del Perú, catalépticos de Uruguay, tzantzicos de Ecuador, caníbales brasileños, teatro Nó proletario...
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Anonymous
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From the Author Matthew 16:25 says, “For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it.” This is a perfect picture of the life of Nate Saint; he gave up his life so God could reveal a greater glory in him and through him. I first heard the story of Operation Auca when I was eight years old, and ever since then I have been inspired by Nate’s commitment to the cause of Christ. He was determined to carry out God’s will for his life in spite of fears, failures, and physical challenges. For several years of my life, I lived and ministered with my parents who were missionaries on the island of Jamaica. My experiences during those years gave me a passion for sharing the stories of those who make great sacrifices to carry the gospel around the world. As I wrote this book, learning more about Nate Saint’s life—seeing his spirit and his struggles—was both enlightening and encouraging to me. It is my prayer that this book will provide a window into Nate Saint’s vision—his desires, dreams, and dedication. I pray his example will convince young people to step out of their comfort zones and wholeheartedly seek God’s will for their lives. That is Nate Saint’s legacy: changing the world for Christ, one person and one day at a time. Nate Saint Timeline 1923 Nate Saint born. 1924 Stalin rises to power in Russia. 1930 Nate’s first flight, aged 7 with his brother, Sam. 1933 Nate’s second flight with his brother, Sam. 1936 Nate made his public profession of faith. 1937 Nate develops bone infection. 1939 World War II begins. 1940 Winston Churchill becomes British Prime Minister. 1941 Nate graduates from Wheaton College. Nate takes first flying lesson. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. 1942 Nate’s induction into the Army Air Corps. 1943 Nate learns he is to be transferred to Indiana. 1945 Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan by U.S. 1946 Nate discharged from the Army. 1947 Nate accepted for Wheaton College. 1948 Nate and Marj are married and begin work in Eduador. Nate crashes his plane in Quito. 1949 Nate’s first child, Kathy, is born. Germany divided into East and West. 1950 Korean War begins. 1951 Nate’s second child, Stephen, is born. 1952 The Saint family return home to the U.S. 1953 Nate comes down with pneumonia. Nate and Henry fly to Ecuador. 1954 The first nuclear-powered submarine is launched. Nate’s third child, Phillip, is born. 1955 Nate is joined by Jim Elliot, Ed McCully, Peter Fleming and Roger Youderian. Nate spots an Auca village for the first time. Operation Auca commences. 1956 The group sets up camp four miles from the Auca territory. Nate and the group are killed on “Palm Beach”.
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Nancy Drummond (Nate Saint: Operation Auca (Torchbearers))
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Another dangerous neoliberal word circulating everywhere that is worth zooming in on is the word ‘resilience’. On the surface, I think many people won’t object to the idea that it is good and beneficial for us to be resilient to withstand the difficulties and challenges of life. As a person who lived through the atrocities of wars and sanctions in Iraq, I’ve learnt that life is not about being happy or sad, not about laughing or crying, leaving or staying. Life is about endurance. Since most feelings, moods, and states of being are fleeting, endurance, for me, is the common denominator that helps me go through the darkest and most beautiful moments of life knowing that they are fleeing. In that sense, I believe it is good for us to master the art of resilience and endurance. Yet, how should we think about the meaning of ‘resilience’ when used by ruling classes that push for wars and occupations, and that contribute to producing millions of deaths and refugees to profit from plundering the planet? What does it mean when these same warmongers fund humanitarian organizations asking them to go to war-torn countries to teach people the value of ‘resilience’? What happens to the meaning of ‘resilience’ when they create frighteningly precarious economic structures, uncertain employment, and lay off people without accountability? All this while also asking us to be ‘resilient’…
As such, we must not let the word ‘resilience’ circulate or get planted in the heads of our youth uncritically. Instead, we should raise questions about what it really means. Does it mean the same thing for a poor young man or woman from Ghana, Ecuador, Afghanistan vs a privileged member from the upper management of a U.S. corporation? Resilience towards what? What is the root of the challenges for which we are expected to be resilient? Does our resilience solve the cause or the root of the problem or does it maintain the status quo while we wait for the next disaster? Are individuals always to blame if their resilience doesn’t yield any results, or should we equally examine the social contract and the entire structure in which individuals live that might be designed in such a way that one’s resilience may not prevail no matter how much perseverance and sacrifice one demonstrates? There is no doubt that resilience, according to its neoliberal corporate meaning, is used in a way that places the sole responsibility of failure on the shoulders of individuals rather than equally holding accountable the structure in which these individuals exist, and the precarious circumstances that require work and commitment way beyond individual capabilities and resources. I find it more effective not to simply aspire to be resilient, but to distinguish between situations in which individual resilience can do, and those for which the depth, awareness, and work of an entire community or society is needed for any real and sustainable change to occur. But none of this can happen if we don’t first agree upon what each of us mean when we say ‘resilience,’ and if we have different definitions of what it means, then we should ask: how shall we merge and reconcile our definitions of the word so that we complement not undermine what we do individually and collectively as people. Resilience should not become a synonym for surrender. It is great to be resilient when facing a flood or an earthquake, but that is not the same when having to endure wars and economic crises caused by the ruling class and warmongers.
[From “On the Great Resignation” published on CounterPunch on February 24, 2023]
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Louis Yako
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Raúl Reyes, se escondía en Ecuador,
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Kintto Lucas (Rafael Correa: Un extraño en Carondelet (Spanish Edition))
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The importance of natural diversity in this tiny nation cannot be overstated. It’s even written in the constitution: Ecuador is the only country in the world to recognize “Rights of Nature”—the idea that ecosystems have inalienable rights, just like people do—at the highest legal level. “Nature, or Pachamama, where life is reproduced and occurs, has the right to integral respect for its existence,” states Article 71 of the country’s constitution, in accordance with the Ecuadorian concept of Buen Vivir, which emphasizes harmony with other people and nature above material development.
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Noah Strycker (Birding Without Borders: An Obsession, a Quest, and the Biggest Year in the World)
“
Manuel Bravo (Ecuador) Mi primera maratón fue en Nueva York, la competencia más famosa del mundo. Pero me gustaría compartirles lo que pensé al completarla: He conseguido lo que muy pocas personas en el mundo pueden lograr. He preguntado en todas partes: ¿Por qué la gente corre Maratones? Yo creo que es porque necesitamos probar nuestras facultades físicas, emocionales y espirituales. Después de todo, en nuestro diario vivir no hay ocasión de “dar todo lo que llevamos dentro”. No podemos tener alas para volar, no podemos cantar sin una buena voz, o bailar si no somos bailarines. La mayoría de nosotros nunca actuará en un escenario, pero tanto si eres un atleta de talla mundial o un corredor popular, el maratón es un escenario; un escenario de calles en las que actuamos y nos sentimos orgullosos mientras millones de personas aplauden, es como conseguir una prolongada ovación del público puesto en pie.
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Geovanny Romero (Los Six Majors)
“
Outright collapse is not an outlandish scenario for petrostates like Ecuador or Venezuela, where the virus could overwhelm the countries’ few functioning hospitals very quickly.
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”
Klaus Schwab (COVID-19: The Great Reset)
“
When New Orleans is destroyed and rebuilt, again and again, is that a failure of the Army Corps of Engineers, or is it the inevitable result of trying to build a coastal city below sea level? When that earthquake hit Ecuador, every death could have been prevented with better building codes. Those wildfires in British Columbia wouldn’t have been so destructive without decades of counterproductive fire suppression. I mean, look at the story you’re working on. How much less screwed would most Maldivians be if their own government wasn’t trying to profit from tragedy? The real disasters are poverty and shortsightedness. Systemic injustice turns disadvantaged into human shields against the brute force of nature pursuing its normal course. We create victims, and then we congratulate ourselves when we show them small mercies.
”
”
Eliot Peper (Veil)
“
To the joyous relief of Ecuador, South America, and the entire Spanish-speaking world, and to the deep and confounded embarrassment of everyone else, the system worked beautifully; the small Ecuadorian satellite disappeared from Earth’s orbit, and a few minutes later every telescope on Earth could detect it orbiting Mars, unfurling an enormous banner that read: SUCK ON THIS, DUMB-ASS GRINGOS!
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”
Yoss (Super Extra Grande)
“
Syphilis seems to have existed in the Americas before 1492—the third argument. In the mid-1990s Bruce and Christine Rothschild, researchers at the Arthritis Center of Northeast Ohio, in Youngstown, inspected 687 ancient Indian skeletons from the United States and Ecuador for signs of syphilitic disease. Up to 40 percent of the skeletons from some areas showed its presence.
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Charles C. Mann (1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus)
“
Cuando la estructura de una institución se ha vuelto corrupta -sobre todo de acuerdo a sus propios principios- criticarla es un acto de amistad.
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”
Jordan B. Peterson (Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief)
Tony James Slater (That Bear Ate My Pants: A Hilarious Travel Memoir... with Teeth and Claws! (Adventure Without End, #1))
“
what the hell was I doing in Ecuador?
”
”
Tony James Slater (That Bear Ate My Pants: A Hilarious Travel Memoir... with Teeth and Claws! (Adventure Without End, #1))
“
nadie que haya formado parte directa o indirectamente de procesos de negociación o renegociación de deuda pueda ser contratado en algún organismo internacional del que Ecuador es miembro.
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”
Kintto Lucas (Rafael Correa: Un extraño en Carondelet (Spanish Edition))
“
The newer tactic of scattering bodies on city streets, as happened when Joaquín Guzmán’s goons pushed thirty-five bloody corpses (twelve of them women) off two trucks on Manuel Ávila Camacho Boulevard, near a shopping mall in the prettier part of the port city of Veracruz one day in September 2011, to terrorize their adversaries...
Guzmán, known as El Chapo (Shorty) for his small stature, ran the largest airborne opera- tion in Mexico; he owned more aircraft than Aeromexico, the national air- line. Between 2006 and 2015, Mexican authorities seized 599 aircraft — 586 planes and 13 helicopters—from the Sinaloa cartel; by comparison, Aeromexico had a piddling fleet of 127 planes....
One Zeta atrocity I knew nothing about took place in 2010, in the small town of San Fernando, south of Reynosa. A roaming band of Zetas stopped two buses of migrants—men, women, and children from Central and South America, who were fleeing the violence in their countries. The Zetas demanded money. The migrants had no money. The Zetas demanded that the migrants work for them, as assassins or operatives or drug mules. The migrants refused. So they were taken to a building in the village of El Huizachal, blindfolded, their hands and legs bound, and each one was shot in the head. Seventy-two of them died. One man (from Ecuador) played dead, escaped, and raised the alarm...
The gory details of this massacre became known when one of the perpetrators was arrested, Édgar Huerta Montiel, an army deserter known as El Wache, or Fat Ass. He admitted killing eleven of the migrants person- ally, in the belief (so he said) that they were working for a gang hostile to his own. A year later, near the same town, police found 47 mass graves containing 193 corpses — mostly migrants or passengers in buses hijacked and robbed while passing through this area of Tamaulipas state, about eighty miles south of the US border...
But in the early 2000s headless bodies began to appear, tossed by the roadside, while human heads were displayed in public, at intersections, and randomly on the roofs of cars. This butchery was believed to be inspired by a tactic of the Guatemalan military’s elite commandos, known as Kaibiles.
A man I was to meet in Matamoros, on my traverse of the border, explained how the Kaibiles were toughened by their officers. The officers encouraged recruits to raise a dog from a puppy, then, at a certain point in their training, the recruit was ordered to kill the dog and eat it....
When the Kaibiles became mercenaries in the Mexican cartels, the first beheadings occurred, the earliest known taking place in 2006: a gang in Michoacán kicked open the doors of a bar and tossed five human heads on the dance floor. Decapitations are now, according to one authority on the business, “a staple in the lexicon of violence” for Mexican cartels....
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Paul Theroux
“
2. No existe el aludido << Patriarcado Machista>>. A nivel mundial, el 79% de las víctimas de homicidio son hombres. Según cifras de OMS, determinó que a nivel mundial, hay tres veces más suicidio en hombres que en mujeres. 3. Que no existe «Discriminación de la mujer» o «un mundo dominado por el sexo masculino». El Banco Mundial evidencia que un 46 % de la mano de obra Norteamericana estaba formado por mujeres. El 75 al 80 % de personas en situación de calle son hombres. Hoy mismo, el Ecuador cuenta como Vicepresidenta a una mujer, y muchos legisladores en el congreso son féminas. Según cifras Ecuadorencifras.org. A nivel nacional determinó que el 62,2 % de mujeres acuden a la Universidad mientras que un 55,7 % los hombres apenas llegan a alcanzar sus estudios universitarios.
”
”
Dennis Moran (Ideología de género (Spanish Edition))
“
Haiku For Insensitive People That Ask Me Why I
Don’t Remember Things About Ecuador
What if I couldn’t
—carry memories? Left too
Quickly. No packing
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”
Sonia Guiñansaca (Nostalgia y fronteras Llakikay harkaykunapash Nostalgia & Borders)
“
Haiku para la gente insensible que me pregunta por qué
No recuerdo cosas sobre Ecuador
Y qué si no pude
—llevar recuerdos. Me fui
Muy rápido. No empaqué
”
”
Sonia Guiñansaca (Nostalgia y fronteras Llakikay harkaykunapash Nostalgia & Borders)
“
Imamantata Ecuador llakta kawsayta mana yarinki
nishpa tapuchik rumi shunku runakunapak
Ari mana
-Yuyaykunata apay tukurkanichu.
Haykamanta rirkani. Mana kipita allichirkanichu
”
”
Sonia Guiñansaca (Nostalgia y fronteras Llakikay harkaykunapash Nostalgia & Borders)
“
+256704892479 Black Magic Spell Caster Death & Revenge Spells In Singapore, Norway, Ecuador, France, Greece, Honduras, Ireland, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Israel, Poland, Jordan, Colombia, Luxembourg, Switzerland.
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”
drhasheem
“
+256704892479Black Magic Spell Caster Death & Revenge Spells In Singapore, Norway, Ecuador, France, Greece, Honduras, Ireland, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Israel, Poland, Jordan, Colombia, Luxembourg, Switzerland.
”
”
drhasheem
“
There is nothing more perfect than Love. Love always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.”
“You can always breathe your own air, even if it’s terrible, because it’s what your lungs yearn for without knowing why. The sad intelligence of the lungs. Flesh of my flesh. Air of my air. Daughter of my parents.
”
”
María Fernanda Ampuero (Cockfight)
“
En el caso de la gestión económica, esta debilidad había aumentado para cuando fui elegido presidente porque la Constitución de 1998 sustituyó a la Junta Monetaria —el máximo órgano directivo del Banco Central del Ecuador, la autoridad monetaria del país—, que estaba conformada en su mayoría por ministros de Estado y un delegado del presidente de la República, por un Directorio cuyos miembros eran nominados por el Congreso (que estaba casi siempre controlado por la oposición) de una lista enviada por el presidente de la República. Con esta reforma, la Presidencia perdió la capacidad de orientar las políticas monetaria, cambiaria, financiera y crediticia del país, que ejercía a través de la Junta Monetaria.
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”
Jamil Mahuad (Así dolarizamos al Ecuador: Memorias de un acierto histórico en América Latina (Spanish Edition))
“
Se dio cuenta, así, de algo muy conocido y olvidado: Lo primero que se necesita al dejar una casa es otra casa.
”
”
Alfonso Barrera Valverde (El país de Manuelito)
“
Del frío de la madrugada nadie sabe tanto como los ríos. Lo supieron también, por una vez, los tobillos de Manuelito, pero ninguna sensación es mejor que la libertad.
”
”
Alfonso Barrera Valverde (El país de Manuelito)
“
Una lágrima caída sigue siendo propia de quien la llora.
”
”
Alfonso Barrera Valverde (El país de Manuelito)
“
Pero los descubrimientos necesitan ser traducidos en palabras, a fin de razonar lo que uno siente.
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”
Alfonso Barrera Valverde (El país de Manuelito)
“
No sabía hasta aquel instante que las cascadas y las cataratas son fundamentalmente eso: ruidos enormes que están cayendo sobre sí mismos, sobre el agua y el tiempo, sobre los minutos y los segundos, sobre los siglos, sobre pedazos grandes y pequeños de eternidad.
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”
Alfonso Barrera Valverde (El país de Manuelito)
“
Manuelito, por su cuenta, aprendía que los sitios conocidos son más hermosos cuando se miran así, con la mano tomada por alguien a quien se quiere.
”
”
Alfonso Barrera Valverde (El país de Manuelito)
“
We did not know that within twenty years Ted would be recognized as one of the greatest field ornithologists of all time, the ultimate authority on the ultimate bird continent. Mercifully, we did not know that those twenty years would be all the time he had. His career would end abruptly against a mountainside in Ecuador while he was flying surveys for bird habitats, working to protect the birdlife he loved. We did not know any of those things; we were just kids, we thought we would live forever.
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”
Kenn Kaufman (Kingbird Highway: The Biggest Year in the Life of an Extreme Birder)
“
Es difícil que alguien a quien siempre se le ha permitido amar entienda el terror y la vergüenza de simplemente sentir.
”
”
Salvador Elio Galvaz (Pasado el tiempo de admiración (Spanish Edition))
“
Siento que llevo el alma tan cargada de emociones y sentimientos que no encuentran un escape, de miedos que no pueden ser expresados, de alegrías que no pueden ser compartidas.
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”
Salvador Elio Galvaz (Pasado el tiempo de admiración (Spanish Edition))
“
Pues si ya todo era transgresión, desde quién era, hasta lo que sentía y lo que hacía, entonces nada transgredía más. Todo transgredía igual.
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”
Salvador Elio Galvaz (Pasado el tiempo de admiración (Spanish Edition))
“
No sé qué me duele más, la idea de que no pueda olvidarte nunca, o la idea de que algún día te olvide.
”
”
Salvador Elio Galvaz (Pasado el tiempo de admiración (Spanish Edition))
“
No he sentido mayor soledad que la soledad de no poder compartir con nadie quién soy, lo que siento y la intensidad con la que lo siento.
”
”
Salvador Elio Galvaz (Pasado el tiempo de admiración (Spanish Edition))
“
If you ask my mother where she’s from, she’s 100 percent going to say she’s from the Kingdom of God, because she does not like to say that she’s from Ecuador, Ecuador being one of the few South American countries that has not especially outdone itself on the international stage—magical realism basically skipped over it, as did the military dictatorship craze of the 1970s and 1980s, plus there are no world-famous Ecuadorians to speak of other than the fool who housed Julian Assange at the embassy in London (the president) and Christina Aguilera’s father, who was a domestic abuser. If you ask my father where he is from, he will definitely say Ecuador because he is sentimental about the country for reasons he’s working out in therapy. But if you push them, I mean really push them, they’re both going to say they’re from New York. If you ask them if they feel American because you’re a little narc who wants to prove your blood runs red, white, and blue, they’re going to say No, we feel like New Yorkers. We really do, too.
”
”
Karla Cornejo Villavicencio (The Undocumented Americans)
“
En este país los asuntos de crónica roja, que aparecen a diario, podrían llenar tomos y tomos de las Obras completas del Ecuador.
”
”
Ernesto Carrión (Tríptico de una ciudad)
“
Most countries have gone bankrupt at least a couple of times.”36 Countries defaulting on their national debt since 1995 include Russia, Pakistan, Indonesia, Argentina, Paraguay, Grenada, Cameroon, Ecuador, and Greece.37 Argentina has defaulted twice in thirteen years. Ecuador and Venezuela have defaulted ten times in their history, and four other countries have failed to pay their debts nine times.38
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Condoleezza Rice (Political Risk: How Businesses and Organizations Can Anticipate Global Insecurity)
“
Que estudie la mujer, trabaje y ore.
Que goce de la Patria con la gloria;
y los hombres que escriban de la Patria.
Escribirán de la mujer la historia
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”
Lucinda Pazos (Orígenes del feminismo en el Ecuador)
“
Frankly, I'm a recent convert to the delights of pure plantation chocolate. I adore chocolate in all its many forms, but my current passion is couture chocolates made with the selected beans from single plantations all around the world-- Trinidad, Tobago, Ecuador, Venezuela, New Guinea. Exotic locations, all of them. They are--out and out--the best type of chocolate. In my humble opinion. The Jimmy Choos of the chocolate world. Though truffles are a fierce competitor. (Strictly speaking, truffles are confectionary as opposed to chocolates, but I feel that's making me sound like a chocolate anorak.)
Another obsession of mine is Green & Black's chocolate bars. Absolute heaven. I've turned Autumn on to the rich, creamy bars, which she can eat without any guilt, because they're made from organic chocolate and the company practices fair trade with the bean growers. Can't say I'm not a caring, sharing human being, right? When my friend eats the Maya Gold bar, she doesn't have to toss and turn all night thinking about the fate of the poor cocoa bean farmers. I care about Mayan bean pickers, too, but frankly I care more about the blend of dark chocolate with the refreshing twist of orange, perfectly balanced by the warmth of cinnamon, nutmeg and vanilla. Those Mayan blokes certainly know what they're doing. Divine. I hope they have happy lives knowing that so many women depend on them.
So as not to appear a chocolate snob, I also shove in Mars Bars, Snickers and Double Deckers as if they're going out of fashion. Like the best, I was brought up on a diet of Cadbury and Nestlé, with Milky Bars and Curly Wurlys being particular favorites---and both of which I'm sure have grown considerably smaller with the passing of the years. Walnut Whips are a bit of a disappointment these days too. They're not like they used to be. Doesn't stop me from eating them, of course---call it product research.
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Carole Matthews (The Chocolate Lovers' Club)
“
While Washington strongly approved of diplomatic measures against the Axis, it did not generally encourage Latin America's active participation in the Allied war effort. The United States feared that this might actually provoke a direct Axis attack on Latin America, something neither Latin America nor the United States was adequately prepared to defend against.
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”
Ronn F. Pineo (Ecuador and the United States: Useful Strangers (United States and the Americas) (United States and the Americas) (The United States and the Americas) (The United States and the Americas Ser.))
“
Vele jaren zijn intussen voorbijgegaan. Michiel is nu driënveertig. Hij heeft de kranten goed gelezen en hij weet dat er sinds die avondwandeling met Dirk gevochten is in Indonesië, Joegoslavië, Hongarije, Noord-Ierland, China, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodja, Kongo, Algerije, Israël, Jordanië, Ecuador, Dominica, Cuba, Honduras, Mozambique, Kashmir, Bengalen, en nog veel, veel landen meer.
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”
Jan Terlouw (Oorlogswinter)
“
Most countries have gone bankrupt at least a couple of times.”36 Countries defaulting on their national debt since 1995 include Russia, Pakistan, Indonesia, Argentina, Paraguay, Grenada, Cameroon, Ecuador, and Greece.
”
”
Condoleezza Rice (Political Risk: How Businesses and Organizations Can Anticipate Global Insecurity)
“
He also discusses Christopher D. Stone, a law professor from the University of Southern California who used a theory of legal standing in 1972 when arguing Sierra Club v. Morton and went on to write the book Should Trees Have Standing? Since then, similar legal undertakings have happened in Ecuador, Argentina, Peru, Pakistan, India, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States. In 2019, the Yurok Tribe (the same tribe that provided guidance for the California law on controlled burns) granted legal personhood to the Klamath River under tribal law, hoping it would aid legal actions on behalf of the river.
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Jenny Odell (Saving Time: Discovering a Life Beyond Productivity Culture)
“
NUNCA ESTAMOS SOLOS
Subiendo, el juego, como si no hubiera ganadores ni
perdedores.
Simplemente, jugadores sin un campo, unificados
En amor consciente.
Conocedor de las apuestas
Conectado con aquellos
Que juegan por un mejor camino
Para que todos vean claro.
Floreciente en un río del corazón
Al Alma .
Una nación
Indivisa,
Unificada en un campo
De juego consciente, con
Interminable
Amor, por nuestra gran nación.
Un magnífico jugador
Jugando honestamente, con todos,
Reforzando, en nuestro glorioso mundo
Dentro de un planeta
De nativos
Conscientes, globales.
Nuestro mundo inter-conectado,
Apoyado por Seres soberanos – nuestro voto es nuestra palabra.
”
”
Ulonda Faye
“
Me fui transformando poco a poco en una militante del idioma. El mapuzugun es una lengua aislada, sin familia lingüística ni parientes conocidos. Hay muchas lenguas únicas, [...] pero las más conocidas son el euskera y el coreano. Las lenguas expansionistas, las que se repartieron por el mundo, son las lenguas coloniales y el castellano es una de ellas. En su tiempo también lo fue el quechua, que hoy tiene entre diez y doce millones de hablantes en Perú, Bolivia y Ecuador.
”
”
Elisa Loncon Antileo (Txayenko: Autobiografía (Spanish Edition))
“
As Rosa rolled the hard boiled egg across my forehead I wasn’t as disturbed as you might think, even though I was sitting on a plastic table in a five star hotel bathroom in my underwear, being chattered at in Spanish by a lady I’d met only the day before in the herb and flower market. The truth is, I’ve probably done stranger things in hotel bathrooms.
”
”
Becky Wicks (Latinalicious: The South America Diaries)
Shannon McGivney (Becoming an Expat: Ecuador)
Shannon McGivney (Becoming an Expat: Ecuador)
“
The stems she is examining have been on a miraculous journey. Picked a few days ago, perhaps in Ecuador, maybe in Japan or Thailand, they were doused in herbicides, driven to an airport and stuck in the belly of a passenger plane, along with the two other great globetrotting perishables of the jet age, sushi and corpses.
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Anonymous
“
So they wrote parts of this decision hammering them as bad as anybody in world history has ever been hammered so that they could then attack it because the judge copied the bad stuff from them. Oh, please, Mr. Veselka. No. If I misunderstood you, please tell me…. I have to give you credit for imagination on that, Mr. Veselka. I mean, really.” The
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Michael D. Goldhaber (Crude Awakening: Chevron in Ecuador)
“
Markets should be subject to societies, not the other way around,
”
”
Malcolm Reding (Keys to Cuenca, Ecuador-3rd Edition-March 2018: The Essential Guide To Cuenca in Words and Pictures.)
“
A finales de 1998 se aprobó la Ley de Garantía de Depósitos, la cual creó la Agencia de Garantía de Depósitos (AGD) y estableció una garantía pública e ilimitada del 100% del monto de los depósitos del sistema financiero.
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Rafael Correa Delgado (Ecuador: de Banana Republic a la No República)
“
Live simply”, she said. “Don’t expect so much out of life. You can only be disappointed when your expectations are not met so strive for the best but keep your expectations simple.” I
”
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Donald Murray (Our Ecuador Retirement...Part 2: The Second Year and Why We Didn't Stay)
“
It is now clear that we have hung on to too much for too long.
”
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Donald Murray (Our Ecuador Retirement...The First 8 Months)
“
My mother’s family were run out of their lands in Spain and fled to Mexico. My dad’s ancestors were African slaves in Ecuador. They went to Panama and then Puerto Rico. Somehow, my blood comes from all over the world and settled in Brooklyn. Brooklyn is my home.” “Brook-
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Zoraida Córdova (Labyrinth Lost (Brooklyn Brujas, #1))
“
The UN’s World Food Programme (WFP), which compared ‘food versus cash’ in four countries, found that in three of the four – Ecuador, Uganda and Yemen (before the civil war) – cash transfers led to better nutrition at lower cost, meaning many more people could be helped for the same outlay. (In the fourth, Niger, severe seasonal food shortages meant that in-kind deliveries improved dietary diversity more than cash.)54 This has led the WFP to put more emphasis on cash transfers; today, just over a quarter of WFP’s aid globally is cash-based.
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Guy Standing (Basic Income: And How We Can Make It Happen)
“
In December of 2007 human bones including skulls, which have been radiocarbon dated back to between 1304 and 1424, were found in a museum in Concepción, Chile. These skulls were originally discovered on Isla Mocha, which is located 25 miles off the south-central coast of Chile. Since some of them have definite telltale signs of being Polynesian, the strong suggestion is that there was a pre-Columbian interaction between the local Mapuche people and the Polynesian seafarers. This contact is further supported by forensic evidence found near the Chilean site of “El Arenal,” which is a sandy dune approximately 3 miles inland from the coast.
Pottery found in Ecuador, predating the arrival of Columbus in America, have markings similar to pottery found on the southernmost island of Kyushu, Japan. Radiocarbon dating has determined the date of organics in the clay that survived the firing, or from food or liquids stored in the pottery, to be 4500 years old with a possible variance of 200 to 500 years, thus predating Columbus by a wide margin. There is no reason to doubt these findings, which indicate that Asians and Polynesians sailed to all parts of the Pacific Ocean, including the vast continents of North and South America that border it on its far eastern side.
It was always assumed that Spaniards introduced Chickens to the new continent; however the chicken bones found at the site also dated back to this era, proving that it was the Polynesians that first brought this edible bird with them!
The proof is conclusive…. America was discovered prior to Columbus!
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Hank Bracker
“
Between social mobilization and liberal democracy From Alexis de Tocqueville onward there has been a large body of democratic theory arguing that modern liberal democracy cannot exist without a vigorous civil society.29 The mobilization of social groups allows weak individuals to pool their interests and enter the political system; even when social groups do not seek political objectives, voluntary associations have spillover effects in fostering the ability of individuals to work with one another in novel situations—what is termed social capital. The correlation noted above linking economic growth to stable liberal democracy presumably comes about via the channel of social mobilization: growth entails the emergence of new social actors who then demand representation in a more open political system and press for a democratic transition. When the political system is well institutionalized and can accommodate these new actors, then there is a successful transition to full democracy. This is what happened with the rise of farmers’ movements and socialist parties in Britain and Sweden in the early decades of the twentieth century, and in South Korea after the fall of the military dictatorship in 1987. A highly developed civil society can also pose dangers for democracy and can even lead to political decay. Groups based on ethnic or racial chauvinism spread intolerance; interest groups can invest effort in zero-sum rent seeking; excessive politicization of economic and social conflicts can paralyze societies and undermine the legitimacy of democratic institutions. 30 Social mobilization can lead to political decay. The Huntingtonian process whereby political institutions failed to accommodate demands of new social actors for participation arguably happened in Bolivia and Ecuador in the 1990s and 2000s with the repeated unseating of elected presidents by highly mobilized social groups.31
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Francis Fukuyama (The Origins of Political Order: From Prehuman Times to the French Revolution)