Du Bellay Quotes

Ô beaux cheveux d'argent mignonnement retors Ô beaux cheveux d'argent mignonnement retors ! Ô front crêpe et serein ! et vous, face dorée ! Ô beaux yeux de cristal ! ô grand bouche honorée, Qui d'un large repli retrousses tes deux bords ! Ô belles dents d'ébène ! ô précieux trésors, Qui faites d'un seul ris toute âme enamourée ! Ô gorge damasquine en cent plis figurée ! Et vous, beaux grands tétins, dignes d'un si beau corps ! Ô beaux ongles dorés ! ô main courte et grassette ! Ô cuisse délicate ! et vous, jambe grossette, Et ce que je ne puis honnêtement nommer ! Ô beau corps transparent ! ô beaux membres de glace ! Ô divines beautés ! pardonnez-moi, de grâce, Si, pour être mortel, je ne vous ose aimer.

It’s hard to imagine a time when French writers were uncertain about the legitimacy and importance of their language, but that was the case in the sixteenth century. French was considered appropriate for vulgar (that is, popular) writing or for old medieval poetic forms such as rondeaux or madrigals, but not for “higher” forms of writing, higher learning or the sciences, which were still the exclusive domain of Latin. While François I didn’t regulate French in any way, his policies did legitimize the efforts of the many artists, poets, savants and printers who were trying to dump Latin and make French prestigious by inserting it into the language of state administration, universities and spheres of higher learning such as medicine and poetry. In some ways writers led the way in this movement. The most militant anti-Latin lobby in France was a group of poets originally called the Brigade who were soon to choose a more poetic name: La Pléiade. They were up-and-coming writers who wanted to position themselves as a literary avant-garde. Their manifesto, Déffence et illustration de la langue Françoyse (Defence and Illustration of the French Language), was an indictment of Latin in favour of French. It was published in 1549, ten years after the publication of the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts. Signed by the poet Joachim Du Bellay, it begged poets to use French for the new-found forms of classic Greek and Latin literature—the ode, the elegy, and comedy and tragedy (these were, of course, very old forms, but they were only just being rediscovered after having been forgotten for more than a thousand years). In a chapter titled “Exhortation to Frenchmen,” Du Bellay wonders, “Why are we so hard on ourselves? Why do we use foreign languages as if we were ashamed to use our own?…Thou must not be ashamed of writing in thy own language.” The debate is surprisingly similar to the twentieth-century one in which French musicians wondered if it was possible to make rock ’n’ roll in their own language. François I’s policies definitely added weight to the case made by Du Bellay and the Pléiade poets. While Du Bellay’s Déffence was in many ways a squabble between poets over their art, it also contained a program for the promotion of French in science and art.