โ
Blessed is the person who is too busy to worry in the daytime and too sleepy to worry at night.
โ
โ
Leo Aikman
โ
The human body when kept in an indoor environment of low lux light will not realize that it is daytime, as it cannot sense the increasing levels of daylight that the genetics are accustomed to. As such, by late morning your body may start sending a signal for you to sleep!
โ
โ
Steven Magee (Electrical Forensics)
โ
If the sleep disruption is repeated night after night, the actual measured impairments do not remain constant. Instead, there is an escalating accumulation of sleepiness that produces in adults continuing increases in headaches, gastrointestinal complaints, forgetfulness, reduced concentration, fatigue, emotional ups and downs, difficulty in staying awake during the daytime, irritability, and difficulty awakening. Not only do the adults describe themselves as more sleepy and mentally exhausted, they also feel more stressed. The stress may be a direct consequence of partial sleep deprivation or it may result from the challenge of coping with increasing amounts of daytime sleepiness. Think how hard it would be to concentrate or be motivated if you were struggling every day to stay awake. If children have
โ
โ
Marc Weissbluth (Healthy Sleep Habits, Happy Child)
โ
Sometimes writing is a race against your own mind, as your hand labours to keep up with the tide of your thoughts, and I feel that most acutely at night, when there are no competing demands on my attention. That slightly sleepy, dazed state erodes the barriers of my waking brain. My dreams are still present, like an extra dimension to my perception. But crucially, my sensible daytime self, bossy and overbearing, still slumbers. Without its overseeing eye, I can see different futures and make imaginative leaps. I can confess all my sins to a piece of paper with no one to censor it.
โ
โ
Katherine May (Wintering: The Power of Rest and Retreat in Difficult Times)
โ
next-day fatigue and sleepiness can still occur because you are suffering from an undiagnosed sleep disorder, of which there are now more than a hundred. The most common is insomnia, followed by sleep-disordered breathing, or sleep apnea, which includes heavy snoring. Should you suspect your sleep or that of anyone else to be disordered, resulting in daytime fatigue, impairment, or distress, speak to your doctor immediately and seek a referral to a sleep specialist. Most important in this regard: do not seek sleeping pills as your first option.
โ
โ
Matthew Walker (Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams)
โ
There's a million dark little corners in Baytowne for you two to snuggle-"
"Ohmysweetgoodness, Chloe, stop!" I giggle and shiver at the same time and accidentally imagine walking around The Village in Baytowne Wharf with Galen. The Village is exactly that-a sleepy little village of tourist shops in the middle of a golf-course resort. During the daytime anyway. At night though...that's when the dance club wakes up and opens its doors to all the sunburned partiers roaming the cobblestoned walkways with their daiquiris. Galen would look great under the twinling lights, even with a shirt on...
Chloe smirks. "Uh-huh. Already thought of that, huh?"
"No!"
"Uh-huh. Then why are your cheeks as red as hot sauce?"
"Nuh-uh!" I laugh. She does, too.
"You want me to go ask him to meet us, then?"
I nod. "How old do you think he is?"
She shrugs. "Not creepy-old. Old enough for me to be jailboat, though. Lucky for him, you just turned eighteen...What the...did you just kick me?" She peers into the water, wswipes her hand over the surface as if clearing away something to see better. "Something just bumped me.โ
She cups her hands over her eyes and squints, leaving down so close that one good wave could slap her chin. The concentration on her face almost convinces me. Almost. But I grew up with Chloe-weโve been next-door neighbors since the third grade. Iโve grown used to fake rubber snakes on my front porch, salt in the sugar dish, and Saran wrap spread across the toilet seat-well, actually, Mom fell prey to that one. The point is Chloe loves pranks almost as much as she loves running. And this is definitely a prank.
โYep, I kicked you,โ I tell her, rolling my eyes.
โButโฆbut you canโt reach me, Emma. My legs are longer than yours, and I canโt reach youโฆThere it is again! You didnโt feel that?โ
I didnโt feel it, but I did see her leg twitch. I wonder how long sheโs been planning this. Since we got here? Since we boarded the plane in Jersey? Sine we turned twelve?
โ
โ
Anna Banks (Of Poseidon (The Syrena Legacy, #1))
โ
These conditions commonly coexist with ADHD: Obstructive sleep apnea: This sleep disorder, characterized by snoring and pauses in breathing during sleep, is more common among adults, but it does occur in children, especially children with ADHD. Restless leg syndrome: This condition causes an intense, often irresistible urge to move your legs, particularly when sitting or lying down. Unlike ADHD-related hyperactivity, it happens mostly at night and often gets worse with age. Periodic limb movement syndrome: You know how your leg kicks or your arm flops all of a sudden when youโre falling asleep? It has a name. At least, it does when it keeps happening every twenty to forty seconds and long enough to interfere with sleep.[*3] Sleepwalking and night terrors: These sleep disorders occur when the lines between awake and asleep are blurred. They are often first observed in childhood by parents. Insomnia: Youโve probably heard of this one. Insomnia occurs whenever you want to sleep but canโt sleep, due to difficulties falling asleep or staying asleep, and it is also one of the criteria for delayed sleep phase syndrome. Delayed sleep phase syndrome: This syndrome occurs when your bodyโs internal clock, or its circadian rhythm, is delayed by two or more hours. For example, you might naturally want to sleep from three a.m. to noon. Excessive daytime sleepiness: This condition is exactly what it sounds like. If youโre falling asleep in the middle of a movie at your friendโs house or missing a shift because you canโt stay awake, it doesnโt mean youโre a bad friend or a lazy employee. It could be a sign that something is wrong.
โ
โ
Jessica McCabe (How to ADHD: An Insider's Guide to Working with Your Brain (Not Against It))
โ
Blessed is the person who is too busy to worry in the daytime and too sleepy to Worry at night. UNKNOWN
โ
โ
Debora M. Coty (Fear, Faith, and a Fistful of Chocolate: Wit and Wisdom for Sidestepping Life's Worries)
โ
Chronic or long-term pain affects sleep for weeks to months, even years, causing you to awaken frequently at night and experience daytime sleepiness. This long-term back pain can cause appetite loss, muscle weakness, irritability, and depression. You might have difficulty dealing with others, including family members, friends, and people at work.
โ
โ
Harris H. McIlwain (The Pain-Free Back: 6 Simple Steps to End Pain and Reclaim Your Active Life)
โ
Ideally, in a person who is adjusted to the local time zone, the bodyโs circadian rhythms behave as follows: โขโMelatonin secretion peaks at night and decreases throughout the day. โขโCortisol levels peak in the morning and decrease throughout the day. โขโCore body temperature reaches its lowest peak in the middle of the night and rises throughout the day. โขโClock genes promote activity in the daytime and recovery during the night. In a jet-lagged body, these rhythms get mixed up because the external environment has changed and the internal rhythms havenโt had a chance to catch up. Rises in core temperature at night will cause premature wakening; melatonin secretion throughout the day will cause daytime sleepiness, and, as we know, lack of sleep is responsible for a large handful of common jet-lag symptoms.
โ
โ
Greg Wells (The Ripple Effect: Sleep Better, Eat Better, Move Better, Think Better)
โ
If you are routinely moving during sleep, you are experiencing sleep fragmentation and will likely have daytime fatigue and sleepiness. This is called Sleep Movement Disorder.
โ
โ
Steven Magee (Hypoxia, Mental Illness & Chronic Fatigue)
โ
(1) establish a regular bedtime and wake-up time, even on weekends, (2) go to bed only when sleepy and avoid sleeping on the couch early/mid-evenings, (3) never lie awake in bed for a significant time period; rather, get out of bed and do something quiet and relaxing until the urge to sleep returns, (4) avoid daytime napping if you are having difficulty sleeping at night, (5) reduce anxiety-provoking thoughts and worries by learning to mentally decelerate before bed, and (6) remove visible clockfaces from view in the bedroom, preventing clock-watching anxiety at night.
โ
โ
Matthew Walker (Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams)
โ
The obvious methods involve reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, removing screen technology from the bedroom, and having a cool bedroom. In addition, patients must (1) establish a regular bedtime and wake-up time, even on weekends, (2) go to bed only when sleepy and avoid sleeping on the couch early/mid-evenings, (3) never lie awake in bed for a significant time period; rather, get out of bed and do something quiet and relaxing until the urge to sleep returns, (4) avoid daytime napping if you are having difficulty sleeping at night, (5) reduce anxiety-provoking thoughts and worries by learning to mentally decelerate before bed, and (6) remove visible clockfaces from view in the bedroom, preventing clock-watching anxiety at night.
โ
โ
Matthew Walker (Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams)
โ
I noticed that I developed excessive daytime sleepiness after I started working extreme night shifts on the very high altitude summit of Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Staying awake during the daytime has been a problem ever since.
โ
โ
Steven Magee
โ
In 2019, it had emerged that I had a hypersensitivity to polluted indoor air that would cause daytime sleepiness, chronic fatigue and malaise. Thoroughly ventilating the indoor environment with fresh outdoor air daily would reduce the symptoms. The medical profession calls this Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS).
โ
โ
Steven Magee
โ
(1) excessive daytime sleepiness, (2) sleep paralysis, and (3) cataplexy.
โ
โ
Matthew Walker (Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams)
โ
๋ฌผ๋ฝ์ด๋ ๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ?
GHB๋ ?
๋ค์ด๋ก๋ (1)
๊ตญ๋ด์์๋ โ๋ฌผ๋ฝโ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฆฐ๋ค. ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ค์ถ ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ, ๊ณผ์ผ, ํฌ๋์ฃผ, ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ฑฐ์ ๋๋ค์์ ๋๋ฌผ์๊ฒ์ ์๋์ด ๊ฒ์ถ๋๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด๋ค. ์๋ ์ฐ๋๋ฅด ๋ฏธํ์ผ๋ก๋น์น ์์ด์ฒดํ(Alexander Mikhaylovich Zaytsev, ์์ด์ฒดํ์ ๋ฒ์น์ ์ ์ํ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ค)๊ฐ 1874๋
์ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ณตํฉ์ฑํ์ผ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ ์ ์ฒด ๋ด์์์ ์์ฉ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ 1960๋
๋ ์ด๋ฐ์์๋ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค. ์ผ๋จ ๋ชธ์์์ ์์ฉ๊ธฐ์ ๋ GABAb ์์ฉ์ฒด์ ์์ฉํ๋ค. ์ฌ์ง์ด GABA์ ๋ถ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ๋น์ทํ๋ฉฐ ์ฒด๋ด์์ ๋์ฌ๊น์ง ๋๋ค.
์ค์ถ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ต์ ์ ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ฏ๋ก ์์ฝ์ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ญ์ทจํด์๋ ์ ๋๋ค. ์๋ชปํ๋ฉด ํธํก๊ธฐ ์ฅ์ ๋ก ์ฌ๋งํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ค์ ์ทจํ ๋ฏ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ชธ์ด ์ณ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ค๋
์ฆ์์ด๋ค.
^^๋ฐ๋ก๊ตฌ์
๊ฐ๊ธฐ^^
โโ์๋ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง ํด๋ฆญโโ
โ
ํ
๋ ๊ทธ๋จ:dssk49โ
์๊ทธ๋:kodak.68โ
]SD7]KQOHMLIPIRV(J9JUWJ
๋ํธ๋ฅจ ์ผ์ Xyrem(์์ด๋ )์ด๋ผ๋ ์ํ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์ ์กฐ๋๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์ฆ ํ์์ EDS(Excessive Daytime Sleepiness)์ ํ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์์ ์น๋ฃ์ ๋ก ์ฐ์ด๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์์์๋ ์์ฝ์ฌ ์ค๋
์์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ฐ์ธ๋ค.
2. ์ฒด๋ด ๋์ฌ๊ณผ์
GHB๊ฐ ๋์ฌ๋๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ค ์ผ๋ถ.
GHB๋ GABA๋ก๋ถํฐ ์์ฑ๋๋๋ฐ, GABA๋ ์์๋ฌผ์ ํตํด ์ง์ ์ญ์ทจํ๋๋ผ๋ ๋ํ๊ด์ฅ๋ฒฝ์ ๋งํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ํ์ํ ๋์๋ ๋์์ ๊ธ๋ฃจํ์ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์ง์ ํฉ์ฑํ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค. GHB ๋ํ ๊ฐ๋ค.
GHB์ GABA๋ ์๋ฏธ๋
ธ๊ธฐ ์ ๋ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ํตํด ์ํธ ๋ณํ๋๋ฉฐ, ๋จ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋์ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์์ ์ฐ์ด ๋๋ค. ์ด ์์ ์ฐ์ ์ฒด๋ด ์๋์ง์์ผ๋ก ์ฐ์ผ ์ ์๋ค.
โ
โ
๋ฌผ๋ฝGHB๋ ๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ?โ
ํ
๋ ๊ทธ๋จ:dssk49โ
์๊ทธ๋:kodak.68โ
๋์ดํธ์ฌ์ฑ์์
์ ๋ฌผ๋ฝ๊ตฌ์
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ
โ
๋ฌผ๋ฝ์ด๋ ๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ?
GHB๋ ?
๋ค์ด๋ก๋ (1)
๊ตญ๋ด์์๋ โ๋ฌผ๋ฝโ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฆฐ๋ค. ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ค์ถ ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ, ๊ณผ์ผ, ํฌ๋์ฃผ, ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ฑฐ์ ๋๋ค์์ ๋๋ฌผ์๊ฒ์ ์๋์ด ๊ฒ์ถ๋๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด๋ค. ์๋ ์ฐ๋๋ฅด ๋ฏธํ์ผ๋ก๋น์น ์์ด์ฒดํ(Alexander Mikhaylovich Zaytsev, ์์ด์ฒดํ์ ๋ฒ์น์ ์ ์ํ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ค)๊ฐ 1874๋
์ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ณตํฉ์ฑํ์ผ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ ์ ์ฒด ๋ด์์์ ์์ฉ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ 1960๋
๋ ์ด๋ฐ์์๋ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค. ์ผ๋จ ๋ชธ์์์ ์์ฉ๊ธฐ์ ๋ GABAb ์์ฉ์ฒด์ ์์ฉํ๋ค. ์ฌ์ง์ด GABA์ ๋ถ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ๋น์ทํ๋ฉฐ ์ฒด๋ด์์ ๋์ฌ๊น์ง ๋๋ค.
์ค์ถ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ต์ ์ ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ฏ๋ก ์์ฝ์ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ญ์ทจํด์๋ ์ ๋๋ค. ์๋ชปํ๋ฉด ํธํก๊ธฐ ์ฅ์ ๋ก ์ฌ๋งํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ค์ ์ทจํ ๋ฏ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ชธ์ด ์ณ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ค๋
์ฆ์์ด๋ค.
^^๋ฐ๋ก๊ตฌ์
๊ฐ๊ธฐ^^
โโ์๋ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง ํด๋ฆญโโ
โ
ํ
๋ ๊ทธ๋จ:dssk49โ
์๊ทธ๋:kodak.68โ
]SD7]KQOHMLIPIRV(J9JUWJ
๋ํธ๋ฅจ ์ผ์ Xyrem(์์ด๋ )์ด๋ผ๋ ์ํ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์ ์กฐ๋๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์ฆ ํ์์ EDS(Excessive Daytime Sleepiness)์ ํ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์์ ์น๋ฃ์ ๋ก ์ฐ์ด๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์์์๋ ์์ฝ์ฌ ์ค๋
์์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ฐ์ธ๋ค.
2. ์ฒด๋ด ๋์ฌ๊ณผ์
GHB๊ฐ ๋์ฌ๋๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ค ์ผ๋ถ.
GHB๋ GABA๋ก๋ถํฐ ์์ฑ๋๋๋ฐ, GABA๋ ์์๋ฌผ์ ํตํด ์ง์ ์ญ์ทจํ๋๋ผ๋ ๋ํ๊ด์ฅ๋ฒฝ์ ๋งํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ํ์ํ ๋์๋ ๋์์ ๊ธ๋ฃจํ์ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์ง์ ํฉ์ฑํ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค. GHB ๋ํ ๊ฐ๋ค.
GHB์ GABA๋ ์๋ฏธ๋
ธ๊ธฐ ์ ๋ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ํตํด ์ํธ ๋ณํ๋๋ฉฐ, ๋จ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋์ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์์ ์ฐ์ด ๋๋ค. ์ด ์์ ์ฐ์ ์ฒด๋ด ์๋์ง์์ผ๋ก ์ฐ์ผ ์ ์๋ค.
โ
โ
์๋์์ ํ ๋ฌผ๋ฝํ๋งคํฉ๋๋คโ
ํ
๋ ๊ทธ๋จ:dssk49โ
์๊ทธ๋:kodak.68โ
๋ฌผ๋ฝ์ ํ๊ตฌ์
๋ฌผ๋ฝํ๋งคํ๋๊ณณ
โ
๋ฌผ๋ฝ์ด๋ ๋ฌด์์ธ๊ฐ?
GHB๋ ?
๋ค์ด๋ก๋ (1)
๊ตญ๋ด์์๋ โ๋ฌผ๋ฝโ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ๋ฆฐ๋ค. ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ค์ถ ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ, ๊ณผ์ผ, ํฌ๋์ฃผ, ์ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ, ๊ฑฐ์ ๋๋ค์์ ๋๋ฌผ์๊ฒ์ ์๋์ด ๊ฒ์ถ๋๋ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด๋ค. ์๋ ์ฐ๋๋ฅด ๋ฏธํ์ผ๋ก๋น์น ์์ด์ฒดํ(Alexander Mikhaylovich Zaytsev, ์์ด์ฒดํ์ ๋ฒ์น์ ์ ์ํ ์ฌ๋์ด๋ค)๊ฐ 1874๋
์ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ์ธ๊ณตํฉ์ฑํ์ผ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ ์ ์ฒด ๋ด์์์ ์์ฉ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ 1960๋
๋ ์ด๋ฐ์์๋ ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ก๋ค. ์ผ๋จ ๋ชธ์์์ ์์ฉ๊ธฐ์ ๋ GABAb ์์ฉ์ฒด์ ์์ฉํ๋ค. ์ฌ์ง์ด GABA์ ๋ถ์ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ๋น์ทํ๋ฉฐ ์ฒด๋ด์์ ๋์ฌ๊น์ง ๋๋ค.
์ค์ถ์ ๊ฒฝ ์ต์ ์ ์ ํจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ํ๋ด๋ฏ๋ก ์์ฝ์ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ด ์ญ์ทจํด์๋ ์ ๋๋ค. ์๋ชปํ๋ฉด ํธํก๊ธฐ ์ฅ์ ๋ก ์ฌ๋งํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ค์ ์ทจํ ๋ฏ ํ๋ฉด์ ๋ชธ์ด ์ณ์ง๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์ค๋
์ฆ์์ด๋ค.
^^๋ฐ๋ก๊ตฌ์
๊ฐ๊ธฐ^^
โโ์๋ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง ํด๋ฆญโโ
โ
ํ
๋ ๊ทธ๋จ:dssk49โ
์๊ทธ๋:kodak.68โ
]SD7]KQOHMLIPIRV(J9JUWJ
๋ํธ๋ฅจ ์ผ์ Xyrem(์์ด๋ )์ด๋ผ๋ ์ํ๋ช
์ผ๋ก ์ ์กฐ๋๊ณ ์์ผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฉด์ฆ ํ์์ EDS(Excessive Daytime Sleepiness)์ ํ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์์ ์น๋ฃ์ ๋ก ์ฐ์ด๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ดํ๋ฆฌ์์์๋ ์์ฝ์ฌ ์ค๋
์์ ์น๋ฃ์ ์ฐ์ธ๋ค.
2. ์ฒด๋ด ๋์ฌ๊ณผ์
GHB๊ฐ ๋์ฌ๋๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ค ์ผ๋ถ.
GHB๋ GABA๋ก๋ถํฐ ์์ฑ๋๋๋ฐ, GABA๋ ์์๋ฌผ์ ํตํด ์ง์ ์ญ์ทจํ๋๋ผ๋ ๋ํ๊ด์ฅ๋ฒฝ์ ๋งํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์ ํ์ํ ๋์๋ ๋์์ ๊ธ๋ฃจํ์ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์ง์ ํฉ์ฑํ๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ค. GHB ๋ํ ๊ฐ๋ค.
GHB์ GABA๋ ์๋ฏธ๋
ธ๊ธฐ ์ ๋ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ํตํด ์ํธ ๋ณํ๋๋ฉฐ, ๋จ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ๋์ฌ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์์ ์ฐ์ด ๋๋ค. ์ด ์์ ์ฐ์ ์ฒด๋ด ์๋์ง์์ผ๋ก ์ฐ์ผ ์ ์๋ค.
โ
โ
๋ ์จ์ข์์ ํด๋ฝ๊ฐ๋ค๊ฐ ๋ฌผ๋ฝ์์
๋นํ๋ค๋ ์ด๋ถโ
ํ
๋ ๊ทธ๋จ:dssk49โ
์๊ทธ๋:kodak.68โ
๋ฌผ๋ฝghb๊ตฌ์
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ