Computational Chemistry Quotes

Look, Sage. I don't know much about chemistry or computer hacking or photosynthery, but this is something I've got a lot of experience with." I think he mean photosynthesis, but I didn't correct him. "Use my knowledge. Don't let it go to waste.

He auditioned with Lily, and he and Lily had incredible chemistry that sort of blazed off the scene. I’m just sitting here watching this on my computer, and you know, he was not the only person they’ve ever sent me to look at. I’ve gotten lots of headshots and this and that, and I’m watching the audition and I literally started crying because that was my Jace and Clary on the screen. And it’s an incredible feeling to see that even as an audition. This is amazing. He was snarky funny where he needed to be snarky funny, and he was badass where he needed to be badass. And he and Lily were incredible together

Adrian looked over at me again. “Who knows more about male weakness: you or me?” “Go on.” I refused to directly answer the question. “Get a new dress. One that shows a lot of skin. Short. Strapless. Maybe a push-up bra too.” He actually had the audacity to do a quick assessment of my chest. “Eh, maybe not. But definitely some high heels.” “Adrian,” I exclaimed. “You’ve seen how Alchemists dress. Do you think I can really wear something like that?” He was unconcerned. “You’ll make it work. You’ll change clothes or something. But I’m telling you, if you want to get a guy to do something that might be difficult, then the best way is to distract him so that he can’t devote his full brainpower to the consequences.” “You don’t have a lot of faith in your own gender.” “Hey, I’m telling you the truth. I’ve been distracted by sexy dresses a lot.” I didn’t really know if that was a valid argument, seeing as Adrian was distracted by a lot of things. Fondue. T-shirts. Kittens. “And so, what then? I show some skin, and the world is mine?” “That’ll help.” Amazingly, I could tell he was dead serious. “And you’ve gotta act confident the whole time, like it’s already a done deal. Then make sure when you’re actually asking for what you want that you tell him you’d be ‘so, so grateful.’ But don’t elaborate. His imagination will do half the work for you. ” I shook my head, glad we’d almost reached our destination. I didn’t know how much more I could listen to. “This is the most ridiculous advice I’ve ever heard. It’s also kind of sexist too, but I can’t decide who it offends more, men or women.” “Look, Sage. I don’t know much about chemistry or computer hacking or photosynthery, but this is something I’ve got a lot of experience with.” I think he meant photosynthesis, but I didn’t correct him. “Use my knowledge. Don’t let it go to waste.

The information contained in an English sentence or computer software does not derive from the chemistry of the ink or the physics of magnetism, but from a source extrinsic to physics and chemistry altogether. Indeed, in both cases, the message transcends the properties of the medium. The information in DNA also transcends the properties of its material medium.

Life is the most effective school ever created. Once upon a time they made children bow their heads and read books. It would take ages to get anything across." He taps his head. "But we have widgets and datapads now, and we Golds have the lower Colors to do our research. We need not study chemistry or physics. We have computers and others to do that. What we must study is humanity. In order to rule, ours must be the study of political, psychological, and behavioral science - how desperate human beings react to one another, how packs form, how armies function, how things fall apart and why. You could learn this nowhere else but here.

Programmed by quanta, physics gave rise first to chemistry and then to life; programmed by mutations and recombination, life gave rise to Shakespeare; programmed by experience and imagination, Shakespeare gave rise to Hamlet.

Centuries of navel-gazing. Millennia of masturbation. Plato to Descartes to Dawkins to Rhanda. Souls and zombie agents and qualia. Kolmogorov complexity. Consciousness as Divine Spark. Consciousness as electromagnetic field. Consciousness as functional cluster. I explored it all. Wegner thought it was an executive summary. Penrose heard it in the singing of caged electrons. Nirretranders said it was a fraud; Kazim called it leakage from a parallel universe. Metzinger wouldn't even admit it existed. The AIs claimed to have worked it out, then announced they couldn't explain it to us. Gödel was right after all: no system can fully understand itself. Not even the synthesists had been able to rotate it down. The load-bearing beams just couldn't take the strain. All of them, I began to realize, had missed the point. All those theories, all those drugdreams and experiments and models trying to prove what consciousness was: none to explain what it was good for. None needed: obviously, consciousness makes us what we are. It lets us see the beauty and the ugliness. It elevates us into the exalted realm of the spiritual. Oh, a few outsiders—Dawkins, Keogh, the occasional writer of hackwork fiction who barely achieved obscurity—wondered briefly at the why of it: why not soft computers, and no more? Why should nonsentient systems be inherently inferior? But they never really raised their voices above the crowd. The value of what we are was too trivially self-evident to ever call into serious question. Yet the questions persisted, in the minds of the laureates, in the angst of every horny fifteen-year-old on the planet. Am I nothing but sparking chemistry? Am I a magnet in the ether? I am more than my eyes, my ears, my tongue; I am the little thing behind those things, the thing looking out from inside. But who looks out from its eyes? What does it reduce to? Who am I? Who am I? Who am I? What a stupid fucking question. I could have answered it in a second, if Sarasti hadn't forced me to understand it first.

The world of the rayons is the quasi non-physical world. It is the birth place of quanta - the worlds of the fermions and the bosons.

Nvidia discovered a vast new market for parallel processing, from computational chemistry to weather forecasting.

But we have widgets and datapads now, and we Golds have the lower Colors to do our research. We need not study chemistry or physics. We have computers and others to do that. What we must study is humanity. In order to rule, ours must be the study of political, psychological, and behavioral science—how desperate human beings react to one another, how packs form, how armies function, how things fall apart and why. You could learn this nowhere else but here.

We need not study chemistry or physics. We have computers and others to do that. What we must study is humanity.

the groundbreakers in many sciences were devout believers. Witness the accomplishments of Nicolaus Copernicus (a priest) in astronomy, Blaise Pascal (a lay apologist) in mathematics, Gregor Mendel (a monk) in genetics, Louis Pasteur in biology, Antoine Lavoisier in chemistry, John von Neumann in computer science, and Enrico Fermi and Erwin Schrodinger in physics. That’s a short list, and it includes only Roman Catholics; a long list could continue for pages. A roster that included other believers—Protestants, Jews, and unconventional theists like Albert Einstein, Fred Hoyle, and Paul Davies—could fill a book.

Technology, I said before, is most powerful when it enables transitions—between linear and circular motion (the wheel), or between real and virtual space (the Internet). Science, in contrast, is most powerful when it elucidates rules of organization—laws—that act as lenses through which to view and organize the world. Technologists seek to liberate us from the constraints of our current realities through those transitions. Science defines those constraints, drawing the outer limits of the boundaries of possibility. Our greatest technological innovations thus carry names that claim our prowess over the world: the engine (from ingenium, or “ingenuity”) or the computer (from computare, or “reckoning together”). Our deepest scientific laws, in contrast, are often named after the limits of human knowledge: uncertainty, relativity, incompleteness, impossibility. Of all the sciences, biology is the most lawless; there are few rules to begin with, and even fewer rules that are universal. Living beings must, of course, obey the fundamental rules of physics and chemistry, but life often exists on the margins and interstices of these laws, bending them to their near-breaking limit. The universe seeks equilibriums; it prefers to disperse energy, disrupt organization, and maximize chaos. Life is designed to combat these forces. We slow down reactions, concentrate matter, and organize chemicals into compartments; we sort laundry on Wednesdays. “It sometimes seems as if curbing entropy is our quixotic purpose in the universe,” James Gleick wrote. We live in the loopholes of natural laws, seeking extensions, exceptions, and excuses.

Perhaps nowhere is modern chemistry more important than in the development of new drugs to fight disease, ameliorate pain, and enhance the experience of life. Genomics, the identification of genes and their complex interplay in governing the production of proteins, is central to current and future advances in pharmacogenomics, the study of how genetic information modifies an individual's response to drugs and offering the prospect of personalized medicine, where a cocktail of drugs is tailored to an individual's genetic composition. Even more elaborate than genomics is proteomics, the study of an organism's entire complement of proteins, the entities that lie at the workface of life and where most drugs act. Here computational chemistry is in essential alliance with medical chemistry, for if a protein implicated in a disease can be identified, and it is desired to terminate its action, then computer modelling of possible molecules that can invade and block its active site is the first step in rational drug discovery. This too is another route to the efficiencies and effectiveness of personalized medicine.

If you were to note every manmade item within your field of vision, chances are that nearly every last gadget and trinket was invented by a white man. According to Charles Murray’s book Human Accomplishment, whites have historically dominated the fields of physics, math, chemistry, medicine, biology, and technology. What’s grossly ironic is the specter of people using white computers hooked up to white electricity sent across white power grids to criticize the very white people who made their whining possible. Even worse is the ubiquity of white people pejoratively using the term “white people” as if it somehow doesn’t apply to them. That right there is a collective mental illness for the ages.

a basic unit of measure in chemistry, which was named for Avogadro long after his death. It is the number of molecules found in 2.016 grams of hydrogen gas (or an equal volume of any other gas). Its value is placed at 6.0221367 × 1023, which is an enormously large number. Chemistry students have long amused themselves by computing just how large a number it is, so I can report that it is equivalent to the number of popcorn kernels needed to cover the United States to a depth of nine miles, or cupfuls of water in the Pacific Ocean, or soft drink cans that would, evenly stacked, cover the Earth to a depth of 200 miles. An equivalent number of American pennies would be enough to make every person on Earth a dollar trillionaire. It is a big number.

This kind of pragmatism has become a hallmark of our psychological culture. In the mid-1990s, I described how it was commonplace for people to “cycle through” different ideas of the human mind as (to name only a few images) mechanism, spirit, chemistry, and vessel for the soul.14 These days, the cycling through intensifies. We are in much more direct contact with the machine side of mind. People are fitted with a computer chip to help with Parkinson’s. They learn to see their minds as program and hardware. They take antidepressants prescribed by their psychotherapists, confident that the biochemical and oedipal self can be treated in one room. They look for signs of emotion in a brain scan. Old jokes about couples needing “chemistry” turn out not to be jokes at all.

That seems reasonable,” I agreed. “My own personal theory is that extraterrestrial life could be here already … and how would we necessarily know? If there is life in the universe, the form of life that will prove to be most successful at propagating itself will be digital life; it will adopt a form that is independent of the local chemistry, and migrate from one place to another as an electromagnetic signal, as long as there’s a digital world—a civilization that has discovered the Universal Turing Machine—for it to colonize when it gets there. And that’s why von Neumann and you other Martians got us to build all these computers, to create a home for this kind of life.” There was a long, drawn-out pause. “Look,” Teller finally said, lowering his voice to a raspy whisper, “may I suggest that instead of explaining this, which would be hard … you write a science-fiction book about it.” “Probably someone has,” I said. “Probably,” answered Teller, “someone has not.

Superimposed on the hierarchical framework of defined components of a cell there is another layer. This second layer is highly flexible and can take on an almost infinite variety of forms, like soft and responsive flesh on a bony skeleton. The deep question is whether this higher layer in the construction of cells is itself organized. Are there hierarchies, or at least rules, in the protein-modifying, RNA splicing, gene-regulating processes of a cell? If so, then we have a chance of understanding them. If not, we will never know exactly what a cell will do next. If the detailed chemistry of the cell is simply the outcome of a historical ragbag of ad hoc interactions, then it will be no more predictable than the weather. I do not have an answer to this question. But two features of cells might be relevant. One is a sense of time, or causation - knowledge of the way that things in the real world follow in a certain sequence. The other is integrity, which enables a cell to distinguish between what belongs to itself and what belongs to the outside world.

So many synapses,' Drisana said. 'Ten trillion synapses in the cortex alone.' Danlo made a fist and asked, 'What do the synapses look like?' 'They're modelled as points of light. Ten trillion points of light.' She didn't explain how neurotransmitters diffuse across the synapses, causing the individual neurons to fire. Danlo knew nothing of chemistry or electricity. Instead, she tried to give him some idea of how the heaume's computer stored and imprinted language. 'The computer remembers the synapse configuration of other brains, brains that hold a particular language. This memory is a simulation of that language. And then in your brain, Danlo, select synapses are excited directly and strengthened. The computer speeds up the synapses' natural evolution.' Danlo tapped the bridge of his nose; his eyes were dark and intent upon a certain sequence of thought. 'The synapses are not allowed to grow naturally, yes?' 'Certainly not. Otherwise imprinting would be impossible.' 'And the synapse configuration – this is really the learning, the essence of another's mind, yes?' 'Yes, Danlo.' 'And not just the learning – isn't this so? You imply that anything in the mind of another could be imprinted in my mind?' 'Almost anything.' 'What about dreams? Could dreams be imprinted?' 'Certainly.' 'And nightmares?' Drisana squeezed his hand and reassured him. 'No one would imprint a nightmare into another.' 'But it is possible, yes?' Drisana nodded her head. 'And the emotions ... the fears or loneliness or rage?' 'Those things, too. Some imprimaturs – certainly they're the dregs of the City – some do such things.' Danlo let his breath out slowly. 'Then how can I know what is real and what is unreal? Is it possible to imprint false memories? Things or events that never happened? Insanity? Could I remember ice as hot or see red as blue? If someone else looked at the world through shaida eyes, would I be infected with this way of seeing things?' Drisana wrung her hands together, sighed, and looked helplessly at Old Father. 'Oh ho, the boy is difficult, and his questions cut like a sarsara!' Old Father stood up and painfully limped over to Danlo. Both his eyes were open, and he spoke clearly. 'All ideas are infectious, Danlo. Most things learned early in life, we do not choose to learn. Ah, and much that comes later. So, it's so: the two wisdoms. The first wisdom: as best we can, we must choose what to put into our brains. And the second wisdom: the healthy brain creates its own ecology; the vital thoughts and ideas eventually drive out the stupid, the malignant and the parasitical.

I described living cells as being crammed full of protein molecules. Acting individually or in small assemblies, they perform reiterated molecular processes that can be regarded, I argued, as a form of computation. Moreover, large numbers of proteins linked into huge interacting networks operate, in effect, like circuits of electrical or electronic devices. Networks of this kind are the basis for the animate wanderings of single cells and their ability to choose what to do next. Here I have broadened the view to encompass multiple cells - 'societies' of cells. Through a variety of strategies - including diffusive hormones, electrical signals, and mechanical interactions - the computational networks of individual cells are linked. During evolution, cells acquired the capacity to work together in social groups; it became advantageous for most cells to become highly specialised. Liver cells, muscle cells, skin cells, and so on abandoned their opportunities for unlimited replication. They began the communal expansion of interlinked abilities that led to the plants and animals we see around us today. But the basis of this diversification of cell chemistry was yet another form of computation - one that operates on DNA. Control mechanisms, again based on protein switches, created extensive but subtle modifications of the core genetic information.

I rest my elbows on my knees, watching Paco make a complete fool of himself. Paco takes a little white golf ball and places it on top of a rubber circle inserted into the fake grass. When he swings the golf club, I wince. The club misses the ball and connects with the fake grass instead. Paco swears. The guy next to Paco takes one look at him and moves to another section. Paco tries again. This time the club connects, but his ball only rolls along the grass in front of him. He keeps trying, but each time Paco swings, he makes a complete ass out of himself. Does he think he’s hitting a hockey puck? “You done?” I ask once he’s gone through half the basket. “Alex,” Paco says, leaning on the golf club like it’s a cane. “Do ya think I was meant to play golf?” Looking Paco straight in the eye, I answer, “No.” “I heard you talkin’ to Hector. I don’t think you were mean to deal, either.” “Is that why we’re here? You’re tryin’ to make a point?” “Hear me out,” Paco insists. “I’ve got the keys to the car in my pocket and I’m not goin’ nowhere until I finish hittin’ all of these bulls, so you might as well listen. I’m not smart like you. I don’t have choices in life, but you, you’re smart enough to go to college and be a doctor or computer geek or somethin’ like that. Just like I wasn’t meant to hit golf balls, you weren’t meant to deal drugs. Let me do the drop for you.” “No way, man. I appreciate you makin’ an ass out of yourself to prove a point, but I know what I need to do,” I tell him.

Synbio” crossed the threshold into “synlife” with the announcement in May 2010 that Craig Venter’s team had successfully booted up a living, replicating cell with a genome totally created by means of chemistry and computers.

So I went down to register at De Anza and saw that the classes for chemistry, physics, and calculus were all full. What? I couldn’t believe it. Here I was—the star science and math student at my high school and all set to be an engineer—and the three most important courses I needed were locked out. It was horrible. I called the chemistry teacher on the phone, who said if I showed up I could probably get in, but I couldn’t shake this terrible feeling that my future was shutting down. I could see it shutting down right in front of me. I felt my whole academic life was going to be messed up right from the start. And it was right then that I changed my mind, and decided to see if it was still possible to go to Colorado.

Alex,” Paco says, leaning on the golf club like it’s a cane. “Do ya think I was meant to play golf?” Looking Paco straight in the eye, I answer, “No.” “I heard you talkin’ to Hector. I don’t think you were mean to deal, either.” “Is that why we’re here? You’re tryin’ to make a point?” “Hear me out,” Paco insists. “I’ve got the keys to the car in my pocket and I’m not goin’ nowhere until I finish hittin’ all of these bulls, so you might as well listen. I’m not smart like you. I don’t have choices in life, but you, you’re smart enough to go to college and be a doctor or computer geek or somethin’ like that. Just like I wasn’t meant to hit golf balls, you weren’t meant to deal drugs. Let me do the drop for you.” “No way, man. I appreciate you makin’ an ass out of yourself to prove a point, but I know what I need to do,” I tell him. Paco sets up a new ball, swings, and yet again the ball rolls away from him. “That Brittany sure is hot. She goin’ to college?” I know what Paco is doing; unfortunately my best friend is nothing less than obvious. “Yep. In Colorado.” To be close to her sister, the person she cares for more than herself. Paco whistles. “I’m sure she’ll meet a lot of guys in Colorado. You know, real guys with cowboy hats.” My muscles tense. I don’t want to think about it. I ignore Paco until we’re back in the car. “When are you going to stop stickin’ your ass into my business?” I ask him. He chuckles. “Never.” “Then I guess you won’t mind me bargin’ into yours. What happened between you and Isa, huh?” “We fooled around. It’s over.” “You might think it’s over, but I don’t think she does.” “Yeah, well, that’s her problem.” Paco turns the radio on and blasts the music loud. He’s never dated anyone because he’s scared of getting close to someone. Even Isa isn’t aware of all the abuses he’s endured at home. Believe me, I understand the reasons behind his keeping a distance from a girl he cares about. Because the truth is, sometimes getting close to the fire does actually burn you.

It is the equivalent of a “phase change” in chemistry from a solid to a liquid. What is the feature of something solid? It is full of friction. What is the feature of a liquid? It feels friction-free. When you simultaneously take the friction and complexity out of more and more things and provide interactive one-touch solutions, all kinds of human-to-human and business-to-consumer and business-to-business interactions move from solids to liquids, from slow to fast, from their complexity being a burden and full of friction to their complexity becoming invisible and frictionless. And so whatever you want to move, compute, analyze, or communicate can be done with less effort. As

An accurate budget must be built on a base of thorough research. You must do research on your community to find out what it will cost to get a church off the ground. You need to solidly answer questions such as:, What will the cost of living in this community be?, What will my salary be? How about salaries for additional staff?, How much will it cost to rent space for the church to meet in?, How much will it cost to operate a business in this city (office rent, phones, computer equipment, copy equipment, and so on)? Talk with other pastors in the community. Find out what their start-up costs were and what they are currently spending to maintain and operate the church. Other pastors can be a valuable resource for you on many levels. The worst mistake you can make is to start the budget process by viewing economic realities through a rose-colored lens. If you speculate too much or cut corners in this area, you’ll end up paying dearly down the road. Remember, God never intended for you to go it alone. There are people and resources out there to help you prepare. Ask others for help. God receives no glory when you are scraping the bottom to do His work. So don’t think too small. Church planting is an all or nothing venture. You can’t just partially commit. You have to fully commit, and often that means with your wallet. Don’t underestimate the importance of having a base of prayer partners. You need prayers as desperately as you need money. You need prayers as desperately as you need money. An unhealthy launch may occur when a new church begins as the result of a church split, when a planter is disobedient in following God, or when there is a lack of funding or solid strategy. Finding the right teammates to help you on this journey is serious business. The people you bring on to your staff will either propel you down the road toward fulfilling the vision for your church or serve as speed bumps along the way. You should never be afraid to ask potential staff members to join you—even if it means a salary cut, a drastic position change or a significant new challenge for them. When you ask someone to join your staff, you are not asking that person to make a sacrifice. (If you have that mentality, you need to work to change it.) Instead, you are offering that person the opportunity of a lifetime. There are three things that every new church must have before it can be a real church: (1) a lead pastor, (2) a start date, and (3) a worship leader. Hire a person at the part-time level before bringing him or her on full time. When hiring a new staff person, make sure he or she possesses the three C's: Character, Chemistry & Competency Hiring staff precedes growth, not vice versa. Hire slow, fire fast. Never hire staff when you can find a volunteer. Launch as publicly as possible, with as many people as possible. There are two things you are looking for in a start date: (1) a date on which you have the potential to reach as many people as possible, and (2) a date that precedes a period of time in which people, in general, are unlikely to be traveling out of town. You need steppingstones to get you from where you are to your launch date. Monthly services are real services that you begin holding three to six months prior to your launch date. They are the absolute best strategic precursor to your launch. Monthly services give you the invaluable opportunity to test-drive your systems, your staff and, to an extent, even your service style. At the same time, you are doing real ministry with the people in attendance. These services should mirror as closely as possible what your service will look like on the launch date. Let your target demographic group be the strongest deciding factor in settling on a location: Hotel ballrooms, Movie theaters, Comedy clubs, Public-school auditoriums, Performing-arts theaters, Available church meeting spaces, College auditoriums, Corporate conference space.

The aim of the next nine sections will be to present careful arguments to show that none of the loopholes (a), (b), and (c) can provide a plausible way to evade the contradiction of the robot. Accordingly, it, and we also, are driven to the unpalatable (d), if we are still insistent that mathematical understanding can be reduced to computation. I am sure that those concerned with artificial intelligence would find (d) to be as unpalatable as I find it to be. It provides perhaps a conceivable standpoint-essentially the A/D suggestion, referred to at the end of 1.3, whereby divine intervention is required for the implanting of an unknowable algorithm into each of our computer brains (by 'the best programmer in the business'). In any case, the conclusion 'unknowable'-for the very mechanisms that are ultimately responsible for our intelligence-would not be a very happy conclusion for those hoping actually to construct a genuinely artificially intelligent robot! It would not be a particularly happy conclusion, either, for those of us who hope to understand, in principle and in a scientific way, how human intelligence has actually arisen, in accordance with comprehensible scientific laws, such as those of physics, chemistry, biology, and natural selection-irrespective of any desire to reproduce such intelligence in a robot device. In my own opinion, such a pessimistic conclusion is not warranted, for the very reason that 'scientific comprehensibility' is a very different thing from 'computability'. The conclusion should be not that the underlying laws are incomprehensible, but that they are non-computable.

The Chemistry of Mind: Emotion reacts, anger boils, logic cools, idea freezes, sympathy dissolves, apathy precipitates, love binds, hate dissociates, faith crystallizes, memory evaporates.

Cooking is not chemistry and chemistry alone. When cooking starts, what ingredients are involved at the most indivisible level and how they mix together is part of reality. The second set of reality is who is cooking, why and for whom? The cook and hunger as part of reality are as much important as the knowledge of how the ingredients mix to become eventually a prepared ready-to-eat food. We drink so that we quench thirst. 'Why' in what happens is part of reality as much as 'how it happens'. If a person asks who made the computer, the answer is not sufficient if it only describes the materials and processes through which the computer was created.

The crucial consideration, however, is where reliable solutions to the world’s problems will come from if it is not further development of chemistry. Chemistry holds the key to the enhancement of almost every aspect of our daily lives, from the cradle to the grave and all points in between. It has provided the material foundation of all our comforts, not only in health but in illness too, and there is no reason to suppose that it has reached its zenith. It contributes to our communications, both virtual and physical, for it provides the materials along which our electrons and photons travel in the complex network of patterns and interactions that result in computation. Moreover, it develops our fuels, rendering them more efficiently combustible and through catalysis minimizing their noxious products, and helps in the migration from fossil fuels to renewable sources, such as in the development of photovoltaic substances. Chemistry is the only solution to the problems it causes in the environment, be it in earth, air, or water.

Life is the most effective school ever created. Once upon a time they made children bow their heads and read books. It would take ages to get anything across.” He taps his head. “But we have widgets and datapads now, and we Golds have the lower Colors to do our research. We need not study chemistry or physics. We have computers and others to do that. What we must study is humanity. In order to rule, ours must be the study of political, psychological, and behavioral science—how desperate human beings react to one another, how packs form, how armies function, how things fall apart and why. You could learn this nowhere else but here.

The reductionist conception leads naturally to a classification of subjects and theories in a hierarchy, according to how close they are to the ‘lowest-level’ predictive theories that are known. In this hierarchy, logic and mathematics form the immovable bedrock on which the edifice of science is built. The foundation stone would be a reductive ‘theory of everything’, a universal theory of particles, forces, space and time, together with some theory of what the initial state of the universe was. The rest of physics forms the first few storeys. Astrophysics and chemistry are at a higher level, geology even higher, and so on. The edifice branches into many towers of increasingly high-level subjects like biochemistry, biology and genetics. Perched at the tottering, stratospheric tops are subjects like the theory of evolution, economics, psychology and computer science, which in this picture are almost inconceivably derivative.

Whether you build a computer out of transistors, hydraulic valves, or a chemistry set, the principles on which it operates are much the same. The key idea of the tic-tac-toe machine is that the And function is implemented by connecting two switches in series and the Or function is implemented by connecting two switches in parallel, but there are many other ways to implement And and Or.

I want to share with you the thought that chemistry provides the infrastructure of the modern world. There is hardly an item of everyday life that is not furnished by it or based on the materials it has created. Take away chemistry and its functional arm the chemical industry and you take away the metals and other materials of construction, the semiconductors of computation and communication, the fuels of heating, power generation, and transport, the fabrics of clothing and furnishings, and the artificial pigments of our blazingly colourful world. Take away its contributions to agriculture and you let people die, for the industry provides the fertilizers and pesticides that enable dwindling lands to support rising populations. Take away its pharmaceutical wing and you allow pain through the elimination of anaesthetics and deny people the prospect of recovery by the elimination of medicines. Imagine a world where there are no products of chemistry (including pure water): you are back before the Bronze Age, into the Stone Age: no metals, no fuels except wood, no fabrics except pelts, no medicines except herbs, no methods of computation except with your fingers, and very little food.

Atoms, elements and molecules are three important knowledge in Physics, chemistry and Biology. mathematics comes where counting starts, when counting and measurement started, integers were required. Stephen hawking says integers were created by god and everything else is work of man. Man sees pattern in everything and they are searched and applied to other sciences for engineering, management and application problems. Physics, it is required understand the physical nature or meaning of why it happens, chemistry is for chemical nature, Biology is for that why it happened. Biology touch medicine, plants and animals. In medicine how these atoms, elements and molecules interplay with each other by bondage is being explained. Human emotions and responses are because of biochemistry, hormones i e anatomy and physiology. This physiology deals with each and every organs and their functions. When this atom in elements are disturbed whatever they made i e macromolecules DNA, RNA and Protein and other micro and macro nutrients and which affects the physiology of different organs on different scales and then diseases are born because of this imbalance/ disturb in homeostasis. There many technical words are there which are hard to explain in single para. But let me get into short, these atoms in elements and molecules made interplay because of ecological stimulus i e so called god. and when opposite sex meets it triggers various responses on body of each. It is also harmone and they are acting because of atoms inside elements and continuous generation or degenerations of cell cycle. There is a god cell called totipotent stem cell, less gods are pluripotent, multi potent and noni potent stem cells. So finally each and every organ system including brain cells are affected because of interplay of atoms inside elements and their bondages in making complex molecules, which are ruled by ecological stimulus i e god. So everything is basically biology and medicine even for animals, plants and microbes and other life forms. process differs in each living organisms. The biggest mystery is Brain and DNA. Brain has lots of unexplained phenomenon and even dreams are not completely understood by science that is where spiritualism/ soul touches. DNA is long molecule which has many applications as genetic engineering. genomics, personal medicine, DNA as tool for data storage, DNA in panspermia theory and many more. So everything happens to women and men and other sexes are because of Biology, Medicine and ecology. In ecology every organisms are inter connected and inter dependent. Now physics - it touch all technical aspects but it needs mathematics and statistics to lay foundation for why and how it happened and later chemistry, biology also included inside physics. Mathematics gave raise to computers and which is for fast calculation on any applications in any sciences. As physiological imbalances lead to diseases and disorders, genetic mutations, again old concept evolution was retaken to understand how new biology evolves. For evolution and disease mechanisms, epidemiology and statistics was required and statistics was as a data tool considered in all sciences now a days. Ultimate science is to break the atoms to see what is inside- CERN, but it creates lots of mysterious unanswerable questions. laws in physics were discovered and invented with mathematics to understand the universe from atoms. Theory of everything is a long search and have no answers. While searching inside atoms, so many hypothesis like worm holes and time travel born but not yet invented as far as my knowledge. atom is universe, and humans are universe they have everything that universe has. ecology is god that affects humans and climate. In business these computerized AI applications are trying to figure out human emotions by their mechanism of writing, reading, texting, posting on social media and bla bla. Arts is trying to figure out human emotions in art way.

I took 17 computer science classes and made an A in 11 of them. 1 point away from an A in 3 of them and the rest of them didn't matter. Math is a tool for physics,chemistry,biology/basic computation and nothing else. CS I(Pascal Vax), CS II(Pascal Vax), Sr. Software Engineering, Sr. Distributed Systems, Sr. Research, Sr. Operating Systems, Sr. Unix Operating Systems, Data Structures, Sr. Object Oriented A&D, CS (perl/linux), Sr. Java Programming, Information Systems Design, Jr. Unix Operating Systems, Microprocessors, Programming Algorithms, Calculus I,II,III, B Differential Equations, TI-89 Mathematical Reasoning, 92 C++ Programming, Assembly 8086, Digital Computer Organization, Discrete Math I,II, B Statistics for the Engineering & Sciences (w/permutations & combinatorics) -- A-American Literature A-United States History 1865 CLEP-full year english CLEP-full year biology A-Psychology A-Environmental Ethics

A chemistry is performed so that a chemical reaction occurs and generates a signal from the chemical interaction with the sample, which is translated into a result, which is then reviewed by certified laboratory personnel.” Those sounded like the words of a high school chemistry student, not a sophisticated laboratory scientist. The New Yorker writer had called the description “comically vague.” When I stopped to think about it, I found it hard to believe that a college dropout with just two semesters of chemical engineering courses under her belt had pioneered cutting-edge new science. Sure, Mark Zuckerberg had learned to code on his father’s computer when he was ten, but medicine was different: it wasn’t something you could teach yourself in the basement of your house.

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【V信83113305】：The Lorraine National Institute of Polytechnic (INPL), now integrated into the University of Lorraine, was a prestigious French grande école renowned for its excellence in engineering and technology. Located in the dynamic region of Lorraine, it brought together several leading engineering schools, specializing in fields such as materials science, energy, chemistry, and computer science. Known for its rigorous academic programs and strong emphasis on research and industrial application, the institute produced highly skilled engineers who contributed significantly to technological innovation. Its integration into the University of Lorraine has further strengthened its multidisciplinary approach, fostering collaboration and continuing its legacy of academic and research excellence within a broader, comprehensive university framework.，洛林国立综合理工学院本科毕业证, Offer(Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine成绩单)洛林国立综合理工学院如何办理?, 想要真实感受Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine洛林国立综合理工学院版毕业证图片的品质点击查看详解, 法国办洛林国立综合理工学院毕业证办成绩单购买, 洛林国立综合理工学院原版购买, 100%加急制作-INP Lorraine毕业证学校原版一样, 购买洛林国立综合理工学院毕业证和学位证认证步骤, INP Lorraine毕业证怎么办理-加钱加急, 办理法国Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine本科学历

【V信83113305】：École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN) is a distinguished French graduate engineering school, renowned for its excellence in applied sciences and technology. Located in Normandy, it offers advanced programs in fields such as materials science, computer engineering, electronics, and chemistry. ENSICAEN emphasizes strong industry-academia collaboration, ensuring graduates are well-prepared for innovative careers. The school fosters a dynamic research environment, hosting several laboratories that contribute to cutting-edge technological advancements. With a focus on entrepreneurship and international partnerships, ENSICAEN provides a comprehensive education that combines theoretical knowledge with practical experience, cultivating skilled engineers capable of addressing complex global challenges.，加急卡昂国立高等工程师学院毕业证ENSICAEN毕业证书办理多少钱, ENSICAEN留学本科毕业证, 一比一定制-ENSICAEN毕业证卡昂国立高等工程师学院学位证书, 高端定制ENSICAEN毕业证留信认证, 网上购买假学历ENSICAEN毕业证书, 原版定制卡昂国立高等工程师学院毕业证书, 终于找到哪里办ENSICAEN卡昂国立高等工程师学院毕业证书, 法国Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen毕业证仪式感|购买Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen卡昂国立高等工程师学院学位证, 原版ENSICAEN卡昂国立高等工程师学院毕业证办理流程和价钱

【V信83113305】：Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), one of Japan's leading national universities, is renowned for its excellence in science and engineering education. Established in 1881, it has consistently ranked among Asia's top institutions, fostering innovation and cutting-edge research. With three campuses in Tokyo, Tokyo Tech offers undergraduate and graduate programs in fields like applied chemistry, mechanical engineering, and computer science. The university emphasizes hands-on learning and collaboration with global industries, producing notable alumni, including Nobel laureates and tech pioneers. Its research centers focus on sustainability, AI, and advanced materials, contributing to global scientific progress. Tokyo Tech's vibrant international community and strong industry ties make it a hub for aspiring engineers and scientists worldwide.，出售東京工業大学东京工业大学研究生学历文凭, 東京工業大学文凭制作服务您学历的展现, 東京工業大学文凭制作流程学术背后的努力, 東京工業大学毕业证文凭-东京工业大学毕业证, 购买东京工业大学毕业证, 办理真实毕业证成绩单留信网认证, 办理東京工業大学大学毕业证-东京工业大学, 办东京工业大学成绩单

【V信83113305】：The Strasbourg Biotechnology School (ESBS) is a prestigious institution within the University of Strasbourg, France, renowned for its excellence in interdisciplinary biotechnology education and research. Established in 1981, ESBS offers a unique trinational program in collaboration with Germany and Switzerland, fostering cross-border academic cooperation. The school provides a rigorous curriculum integrating biology, chemistry, engineering, and computational sciences, preparing students for careers in pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, and environmental biotechnology. With state-of-the-art laboratories and strong ties to industry, ESBS emphasizes hands-on research and innovation. Its location in the European capital of Strasbourg enhances international networking opportunities. The school attracts a diverse student body, promoting multicultural exchange and cutting-edge scientific collaboration. ESBS graduates are highly sought after, contributing to advancements in global biotechnology sectors.，ESBS文凭制作流程确保学历真实性, 留学生买文凭毕业证-斯特拉斯堡大学斯特拉斯堡生物技术高等学院, ESBS文凭制作流程学术背后的努力, 办理法国大学毕业证书, 办理法国斯特拉斯堡大学斯特拉斯堡生物技术高等学院毕业证ESBS文凭版本, 正版-法国Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg毕业证文凭学历证书, ESBS文凭毕业证丢失怎么购买

【V信83113305】：Tokyo Polytechnic University, a distinguished private institution in Japan, has carved a unique niche at the intersection of art, science, and technology. Founded in 1923 with a focus on photography, its legacy is deeply rooted in the visual arts. Today, it excels in nurturing creative professionals for the modern digital age. The university's strengths lie in its specialized departments, particularly its renowned Faculty of Arts, which offers programs in photography, imaging, manga, animation, and game design. Complementing this, its Faculty of Engineering provides a robust foundation in applied physics, computer science, and chemistry, supporting cutting-edge research in fields like nanotechnology and optics. This powerful synergy between artistic creativity and scientific innovation makes it a premier destination for students aiming to become pioneers in the media and technology industries.，定做东京工艺大学毕业证東京工芸大学毕业证书毕业证, Tokyo Polytechnic University东京工艺大学学位证书快速办理, 挂科办理Tokyo Polytechnic University东京工艺大学毕业证本科学位证书, 安全办理-东京工艺大学文凭東京工芸大学毕业证学历认证, 网络办理東京工芸大学东京工艺大学毕业证官方成绩单学历认证, 東京工芸大学毕业证最简单办理流程, 网上补办東京工芸大学东京工艺大学毕业证成绩单多少钱, 日本Tokyo Polytechnic University毕业证仪式感|购买东京工艺大学学位证, 東京工芸大学毕业证成绩单办理东京工艺大学毕业证书官方正版

【V信83113305】：The Institut Polytechnique de Lille, part of the University of Lille, stands as a prominent center for engineering education and research in northern France. It brings together several elite graduate engineering schools, fostering a multidisciplinary environment where students specialize in fields like computer science, materials, chemistry, and civil engineering. The institute is deeply integrated with the region's vibrant industrial and research ecosystem, emphasizing innovation and practical application. Its strong partnerships with national and international industries provide students with valuable opportunities for internships and collaborative projects. Committed to academic excellence and scientific advancement, the Polytechnique de Lille equips future engineers with the expertise to tackle complex global challenges and drive technological progress.，办法国Ecole Polytechnique de Lille里尔大学综合理工学院文凭学历证书, 学历文凭认证Polytech Lille毕业证-里尔大学综合理工学院毕业证如何办理, 硕士-Polytech Lille毕业证里尔大学综合理工学院毕业证办理, 购买里尔大学综合理工学院毕业证办理留学文凭学历认证, Polytech Lille里尔大学综合理工学院毕业证成绩单学历认证最安全办理方式, 办里尔大学综合理工学院毕业证Polytech Lilleuniversity, Ecole Polytechnique de Lille里尔大学综合理工学院电子版毕业证与法国Ecole Polytechnique de Lille学位证书纸质版价格, 本地法国硕士文凭证书原版定制Polytech Lille本科毕业证书, 网上办理Polytech Lille毕业证书流程

【V信83113305】：Founded in 1968, Technische Universität Dortmund (TU Dortmund University) stands as a prominent institution of science and technology in Germany’s vibrant Ruhr region. The university is distinguished by its strong emphasis on interdisciplinary research, particularly in fields such as mechanical engineering, chemistry, electrical engineering, and computer science. Its unique campus, designed as a “university in the park,” blends modern architecture with green spaces, fostering an inspiring academic atmosphere. TU Dortmund maintains close ties with industrial partners, driving innovation and providing students with exceptional practical experience. It is also renowned for its research in logistics, data analysis, and material sciences. With a commitment to internationalization and cutting-edge education, TU Dortmund continues to shape future leaders and contribute significantly to global scientific advancement.，TU Dortmund成绩单多特蒙德工业大学毕业证快速办理方式, TU Dortmund多特蒙德工业大学毕业证制作代办流程, offer多特蒙德工业大学在读证明, 一比一制作-TU Dortmund文凭证书多特蒙德工业大学毕业证, TU Dortmund毕业证成绩单制作, 出售TU Dortmund多特蒙德工业大学研究生学历文凭, TU Dortmund毕业证本科学历办理方法, TU Dortmund毕业证和学位证办理流程, TU Dortmund毕业证在线制作多特蒙德工业大学文凭证书

【V信83113305】：The California Institute of Technology (Caltech), located in Pasadena, California, is a world-renowned private research university celebrated for its excellence in science and engineering. Founded in 1891, Caltech is a small but highly selective institution with a strong emphasis on innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration. It operates the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in partnership with NASA, leading groundbreaking space exploration missions. With a faculty and alumni network that includes numerous Nobel laureates and pioneers in fields like physics, chemistry, and computer science, Caltech fosters a culture of curiosity and discovery. Its intimate campus environment encourages close mentorship and hands-on research, making it a top destination for aspiring scientists and engineers worldwide. Despite its modest size, Caltech's impact on global research and technology is profound.，加利福尼亚理工学院留学本科毕业证, 制作文凭加利福尼亚理工学院毕业证-CIOT毕业证书-毕业证, 1:1原版CIOT加利福尼亚理工学院毕业证+CIOT成绩单, 美国CIOT学位证书纸质版价格, 如何办理CIOT加利福尼亚理工学院学历学位证, 挂科办理California Institute of Technology加利福尼亚理工学院毕业证本科学位证书, 留学生买文凭California Institute of Technology毕业证-加利福尼亚理工学院, 购买加利福尼亚理工学院毕业证, 仿制加利福尼亚理工学院毕业证-CIOT毕业证书-快速办理

【V信83113305】：The California Institute of Technology (Caltech) is a world-renowned private research university located in Pasadena, California. Founded in 1891, Caltech is celebrated for its rigorous academic programs and groundbreaking contributions to science and engineering. With a small student body and a low student-to-faculty ratio, the institution fosters close collaboration between students and leading researchers. Caltech operates the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for NASA, driving advancements in space exploration. Its faculty and alumni include numerous Nobel laureates, Turing Award winners, and National Medal of Science recipients. The university excels in fields like physics, chemistry, biology, and computer science, maintaining a culture of innovation and intellectual curiosity. Despite its modest size, Caltech’s impact on global research and technology is unparalleled.，办美国加州理工学院文凭学历证书, Caltech加州理工学院颁发典礼学术荣誉颁奖感受博士生的光荣时刻, Caltech本科毕业证, California Institute of Technologydiploma加州理工学院挂科处理解决方案, 加州理工学院挂科了怎么办？Caltech毕业证成绩单专业服务, Caltech加州理工学院-多少钱, Caltech加州理工学院原版购买

【V信83113305】：Okayama University of Science (OUS) is a private institution located in Okayama City, Japan, renowned for its strong emphasis on science and engineering education. Established in 1964, the university offers undergraduate and graduate programs in fields such as applied chemistry, mechanical engineering, computer science, and biotechnology. OUS is committed to fostering practical skills and innovation, with state-of-the-art laboratories and research facilities that support hands-on learning. The university also promotes international collaboration, welcoming students from diverse backgrounds and encouraging study-abroad opportunities. With a focus on real-world applications, OUS prepares graduates to excel in industries ranging from technology to environmental science. Its vibrant campus life, including clubs and cultural events, enriches the student experience, making it a dynamic hub for academic and personal growth.，如何办理岡山理科大学冈山理科大学学历学位证, 岡山理科大学毕业证购买, 定制冈山理科大学成绩单, 一比一原版冈山理科大学毕业证购买, 挂科办理岡山理科大学冈山理科大学学历学位证, Okayama University of Science文凭制作服务您学历的展现, 在线办理冈山理科大学毕业证成绩单, 办日本冈山理科大学文凭学历证书