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Classical literature not only questioned the reality of divine beings, it frequently laughed at them too. The works of Greek and Roman philosophy were full of punchy one-liners poking fun at religion. In one famous story, the Greek philosopher Diogenes finds himself standing next to a wall covered in temple inscriptions left by grateful sailors saved at sea. Noticing a man marvelling at the inscriptions, Diogenes remarks: βThere would have been far more, if those who were not saved had set up offerings.β In another story, Diogenes is watching some temple officials arrest a man who has stolen items from a temple treasury. Look, he says: βThe great thieves are leading away the little thief.β In yet another yarn β one whose punchline hit even closer to the mark β a philosopher named Antisthenes finds himself listening to a priest of Orphism, a Greek cult that believed in an afterlife. The priest explains at length how initiates to his religion would enjoy great advantages in the afterlife. Why then, asks Antisthenes bluntly, βdonβt you die?
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Catherine Nixey (The Darkening Age: The Christian Destruction of the Classical World)