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Social Networking Tool #1: Decide who you want to meet Before attending an event, decide WHO you will meet there. Examples of people you might want to meet would be: A gallery owner that you’ve been trying to get a meeting with. An art collector. Influential art dealer or broker. Your area’s best interior designer. An artist that you admire. Licensing manager of a large company you wish to work with. Anyone you want to connect with personally. Write a list of the names of at least three people you wish to meet at the event. If you don’t know names, then write down the types of people.

Though many details of these schemes are either complex or not yet public knowledge, one of the mechanisms is. Some exchanges, such as NASDAQ, let HF traders peek at customer orders ahead of everyone else for thirty milliseconds before the order goes to the exchange. Seeing an order to buy, for instance, the HF traders can buy first, pushing the stock price up, then resell to the customer at a profit. Seeing someone’s order to sell, the HF trader sells first, causing the stock to fall, and then buys it back at the lower price. How is this different from the crime of front-running, described in Wikipedia as “the illegal practice of a stock broker executing orders on a security for its own account while taking advantage of advance knowledge of pending orders from its customers”?

Financial advisors have a fiduciary duty to correctly document your age, income, savings, financial experience, and risk assessment. They are required not to match conservative investors with risky investments and to make their clients aware of the difference. This is the main point of contention on Broker-Dealer Sales Representative complaints for arbitration.

What was different about this crisis was that the institutional structure was different. It was not banks and depositors; it was broker-dealers and repo markets, money market funds and commercial paper. But the basic idea of providing short-term liquidity in order to stem a panic was very much what Bagehot envisioned when he wrote Lombard Street in 1873.” 37

Types of Forex Strategy Traders Figuring out how to exchange isn't simple particularly with regards to the unfamiliar trade market. You will presumably need to learn it through a Forex exchanging framework. A few people believe that dealers are jack of all methodologies of exchanging yet that is not how things work. The way to fruitful exchanging is to turn into the expert of a couple of exchanging techniques. These couple of exchanging methodologies can take you far. Forex procedure dealer frameworks are broadly utilized by various individuals since they give you structure, a bunch of rules and an arrangement to follow as well. There are sure techniques that are at present utilized in the Forex market and they can even cause you to pick what Forex system broker would be best for you to make due in this market. Indicator Driving Trading Systems These exchanging bargains are planned by the individuals who look at that as a specific set up is working at the present time, yet utilizing this framework calls for wary managing. That is on the grounds that it simply works for the current second. This Forex exchanging framework can't give you uphold for quite a while. The framework utilizes pointers for producing an exchanging signal against the value activity. The pointers consistently slack and subsequently, they will in general give late just as false signals. They are not forward-thinking regardless. Something to be thankful for about this exchanging bargain is that it takes a gander at the graphs and numerous beginner merchants think that it’s valuable and enticing. They think of it as' not difficult to utilize and comprehend. Harmonic trading system The Harmonic trading system framework perceives value designs with the Fibonacci augmentations just as following data and afterward it figures the defining moments in the business sectors. It is an intricate type of exchanging which will call for significant practice. On the off chance that you ace it by training, at that point you will discover it among outstanding amongst other exchanging frameworks as it can offer more significant yields against the danger. You can utilize it for exchanging any sort of market. Technical Trading Systems These are perhaps the most ordinarily utilized exchanging bargains that are basic among Forex merchants. They incorporate climbing triangles, banner examples, shoulder examples, heads and various different examples to allow you to exchange the business sectors. These exchanging frameworks are truly useful and you utilize monetary information from earlier years to anticipate the market patterns and take an action. The Forex technique broker or the Forex exchanging frameworks empower you to ensure that you don't lose while you exchange from the solace of your own home. In any case, be certain that Forex exchanging frameworks are not lucrative aides. You actually need to utilize your own insight in exchanging and assemble loads of exchanging data request to put your cash in the perfect spot. Exchanging isn't some tea. On the off chance that you think by utilizing the exchanging gives you can guarantee making enormous amounts of cash, at that point you are incorrect. You should utilize your experience and viable information to guarantee that the Forex procedure broker you use demonstrates to control you in productive exchanging.

The real significant shortages were caused by one of the following: 1.       Cheapest-To-Deliver (CTD) – A specific security must be delivered to the exchange (CME) to fulfill a futures delivery requirement. If the correct security is not delivered, it’s a very expensive fine. This is a can’t-fail scenario. 2.       Gone From The Market – This was the case with the 3.625% 5/15/2013. There was no supply available and deep shorts. 3.       Settlement Distortion – During the September 11, 2001, period, the entire settlement system broke down. BONY couldn’t clear securities for days. 4.       Flight-To-Quality – End-investors buy-up all of the Treasurys, pack them away in their portfolios, and don’t loan them into the Repo market. These are solid reasons for securities shortages. However, when you take these out, the rest can generally be attributed to the Repo market, assisted by the Repo market, or helped along by the Repo market. A “Repo market squeeze” is a short squeeze that’s orchestrated by someone in the Repo market. The squeezer could be a Primary Dealer, a bank, a broker-dealer, or even a West Coast money manager. The concept is simple: Buy or borrow as much of a Treasury issue as possible and hold that supply out of the market. Don’t loan it to anyone. Then see how low Repo rates go. When the security begins to trade rich in the cash market or term Repo rates decline, sell the position. Or sell as much as possible.

As interest rates began to rise in the post-war period, leaving your cash at a bank that paid near zero percent interest was not such a good investment. Corporations and municipalities had millions of dollars to invest, but could not get a decent return on the short-term cash. They wanted a rate, because any rate was better than nothing. At the same time, securities dealers on Wall Street began holding trading positions. Previously the role of the broker-dealer was as a pure middleman. That’s the broker part of broker-dealer. When a client wanted to sell a bond, the firm’s salesmen scoured the market to find a buyer. If they could find a buyer, the trade was done: end-user seller to end-user buyer, and the Wall Street firm just stood in the middle. That changed in the 1950s. Some broker-dealers, like Bear Stearns and Salomon Brothers, realized they could make money buying bonds for their own trading account. And, they could even make money betting on the direction of interest rates.

Lion Capital was another small broker-dealer based in New York that filed for bankruptcy two years later in May 1984. Their fraud was even worse than Lombard-Wall. Whereas Lombard-Wall had mis-priced securities, Lion Capital had taken the securities out of the customer accounts and used them to pledge as margin to fund their own trading operations.

There’s no real definition of a shadow bank, but a shadow bank is basically a financial institution that performs banking functions. A shadow bank can be anything from an REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust) to a mortgage finance company to a hedge fund to a broker-dealer. Think of what banks do. In the simplest terms, a bank takes in deposits and makes mortgage loans. The mortgage loans are the bank’s investments. The deposits are the bank’s funding. Anyone with a savings or checking account is lending money to a bank. The bank borrows money from the depositors and loans money to the homeowners. Mortgage REITs are a great example of shadow banking. The REIT buys mortgage-backed securities (MBSs) and borrows money to finance the purchases in the Repo market. The mortgage-backed securities are just like a bank writing a mortgage loan, except they’re a security, and the Repo transactions are just like the deposits. But the REIT is not a bank. It’s a shadow bank.

One method that leads to this has also been used to launch new mutual funds. Fund managers sometimes start a new fund with a small amount of capital. They then stuff it with hot IPOs (initial public offerings) that brokers give them as a reward for the large volume of business they have been doing through their established funds. During this process of “salting the mine,” the fund is closed to the public. When it establishes a stellar track record, it is opened to everyone. Attracted by the amazing track record, the public rushes in, giving the fund managers a huge capital base from which they reap large fees. The brokers who supplied the hot IPOs are rewarded by a flood of additional business from the triumphant managers of the new fund. The available volume of hot IPOs is too small to help returns much once the fund gets big, so the track record declines to mediocrity. However, the fund promoters can use more hot IPOs to incubate yet another spectacularly performing new fund; and so it goes on.

They didn't like what they found. Further examination found an active LIBOR fixing ring,[18] led by two large global banks and their inter-dealer brokers.[19] With no way to replace the survey method without the chance of rigging reoccurring, global regulators agreed to scrap LIBOR altogether. The problem was finding a replacement. It’s important to understand what LIBOR actually represents. Yes, it represents bank funding costs, but what does that mean? Theoretically, there are two interest rate components that make up LIBOR. The general level of risk-free interest rates and a credit spread. The risk-free interest rate is the equivalent of the U.S. Treasury yield with the same maturity date. The credit spread component represents something like the probability that the bank might default before the maturity date.

We took a more comprehensive view. We analyzed and incorporated tail risk, and considered extreme questions such as, “What if the market fell 25 percent in one day?” More than a decade later it did exactly that and our portfolio was barely affected. When, with our expanding range and size of trades, we moved our account to Goldman Sachs as our prime broker, one of the questions I asked was: “What happens to our account if Goldman Sachs New York is destroyed by a terrorist nuclear bomb smuggled into New York Harbor?” Their reply was: “We have duplicate records stored underground in Iron Mountain, Colorado.

At one point, gold, for delivery two months in the future, was trading at $400 an ounce and gold futures fourteen months out were trading for $500 an ounce. Our trade was to buy the gold at $400 and sell it at $500. If, in two months, the gold we paid $400 for was delivered to us, we could store it for a nominal cost for a year, then deliver it for $500, gaining 25 percent in twelve months. There were a variety of risks, which we fully hedged, and several “kickers”—scenarios where we would make a higher—(often much higher) rate of return. We did similar trades in silver and copper and they worked as expected, with one tiny exception. After we took delivery of our copper, some of it was stolen from the warehouse our broker used and there was a short delay while we were reimbursed from the warehouse company’s insurance.

Princeton Newport bought five million shares of old AT&T at about $66 a share for $330 million. We paid for most of this with term financing, which was a special loan from our broker just for this deal, to be paid off from the proceeds when the position was closed out. Meanwhile, we offset the risk of owning old AT&T by simultaneously selling short the shares we were going to receive in exchange for our shares of old AT&T. These so-called when-issued shares consisted of five million shares of new AT&T and five hundred thousand shares of each of the new seven sisters. We did the trade through Goldman Sachs by taking half of each of two successive five million share blocks of about $330 million apiece. I have a gold-colored plaque, a so-called deal toy, on my desk commemorating the December 1, 1983, block as then being the largest dollar amount for a single trade in the history of the New York Stock Exchange. In two and a half months, PNP netted $1.6 million from the AT&T trade after all costs.

We could borrow and then sell short 135 shares of PALM at $110 for proceeds of $14,850, which would be held in escrow by our broker until we returned the borrowed shares. We could also buy a hundred shares of COMS at $90 for a cost of $9,000, setting up a nearly riskless hedge for an almost sure profit. In six months or so we would get 135 shares of PALM from our 100 shares of COMS and deliver it to clear our short position. Then the $14,850 short-sale proceeds would be released to us from escrow, leaving us with a net profit of $5,850 in cash and a hundred shares of the 3Com stub. If this were currently priced at $15 per share we could sell it for an additional $1,500, making a total gain in six months of $7,350 on a $9,000 investment, or 82 percent.

Castro’s revolution, with all of its supposedly good intentions, put a stop to the growth of Havana. Of course it put an end to the Mafia controlling the casinos and entertainment, but for them it was a minor setback. They just packed their bags and went to Las Vegas where they expanded and developed “The Strip!” Batista and his followers fled Cuba for the Dominican Republic, Europe and South Florida. Many Cubans lost everything they had but others fled taking their wealth with them. The upheaval in 1959 marked the beginning of austerity for this former freewheeling city. The communistic de-privatization of all businesses, along with the embargo imposed by the United States, created a serious decline in Havana’s economy. The constant pressure to nationalize, as well as the severe crackdown by the régime to keep people in line, curtailed growth and placed an enormous hardship on the Cuban people. Since the Castro Revolution, the people of Havana have been severely affected, because of the absence of commerce with its former trading partner, the United States, located only 90 miles to the north. In all Havana has taken a severe toll economically, with its dilapidated houses, and the pre-1959 cars on the streets of the city being a testimony to the bygone era. It is only now that with the hope of normalization between the governments of Cuba and the United States that perhaps the people will benefit. For the greatest part, the Port of Havana has also been bypassed, chiefly due to the restrictions placed on them by the United States. However, the Cuban government is now attempting a comeback by attracting tourism from Canada, Mexico, the Bahamas, Latin America, Asia and Europe. The city of Havana has renovated the Sierra Maestra Cruise Port, but only very few cruise companies consider Havana a port of call. Slowly, German and British ships started to arrive, including the Fred Olsen Cruises and Carnival Cruise Line. Technically Real Estate Brokers and Automobile Dealers are illegal in Cuba, although real-estate offices and car dealerships are blatantly open for business. The buying and selling of real estate and cars, which was forbidden for many years, can now be done because of some changes brought about by Raúl Castro, but only by full-time residents of Cuba. However, gray market sales are thriving through the use of friends and family as proxies.

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MFs are tightly regulated by SEBI and RBI. If SEBI suspects any misappropriation, it can freeze the assets, instruct brokers, dealers and custodians to stop trading and/or to liquidate the investments and redeem the funds to the investors.

And don't forget, this was South Florida, the Medicare fraud capital of America, where the most experienced dirtballs came to gorge. Stripling had found himself competing against the slickest and slimiest--former mortgage brokers, identity thieves, arms dealers, insider traders and dope smugglers, all who'd switched to home-care durables because stealing directly from the government was so much easier, and the risk so small.

If the Fed had curbed leverage and raised interest rates in the mid 2000s, there would have been less craziness up and down the chain. American households would not have increased their borrowing from 66 percent of GDP in 1997 to 100 percent a decade later. Housing finance companies would not have sold so many mortgages regardless of borrowers’ ability to repay. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the two government-chartered home lenders, would almost certainly not have collapsed into the arms of the government. Banks like Citigroup and broker-dealers like Merrill Lynch would not have gorged so greedily on mortgage-backed securities that ultimately went bad, squandering their capital. The Fed allowed this binge of borrowing because it was focused resolutely on consumer-price inflation, and because it believed it could ignore bubbles safely. The carnage of 2007–2009 demonstrated how wrong that was. Presented with an opportunity to borrow at near zero cost, people borrowed unsustainably.