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In 1909 Fritz Haber, a professor of chemistry at the University of Karlsruhe, succeeded in synthesizing ammonia from its elements (fig. 4.4). He did that by taking nitrogen from the air and hydrogen from reacting glowing coke with water vapor and combining the two elements under high pressure in the presence of a metal (iron) catalyst. His research was supported by BASF, at that time the worldβs leader in the production of industrial chemicals, and it was under the leadership of Carl Bosch, one of BASFβs most capable engineers, that Haberβs bench-top demonstration was converted rapidly into a full-scale industrial synthesis (fig. 4.4).
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