Americana Quotes

It is so much simpler to bury reality than it is to dispose of dreams. ― Don DeLillo, Americana (ACTES SUD; 0 edition, August 10, 1993)

Somewhere along the way America became a giant mall with a country attached.

The irony of American history is the tendency of good white Americanas to presume racial innocence. Ignorance of how we are shaped racially is the first sign of privilege. In other words. It is a privilege to ignore the consequences of race in America.

As the crew began lighting up their cigars and pipes, they could hear the ragtime music of Scott Joplin being performed by the colored composer himself enlivening the atmosphere with a jubilant feeling of gaiety, hope, and promise.

plastic flowers beside the highway
middle of somewhere

Sail Forth- Steer for the deep waters only. Reckless O soul, exploring. I with thee and thou with me. For we are bound where mariner has not yet dared go. And we will risk the ship, ourselves, and all.

...After all, acknowledging unfairness then calls decent people forth to correct those injustices. And since most persons are at their core, decent folks, the need to ignore evidence of injustice is powerful: To do otherwise would force whites to either push for change (which they would perceive as against their interests) or live consciously as hypocrites who speak of freedom and opportunity but perpetuate a system of inequality. The irony of American history is the tendency of good white Americanas to presume racial innocence. Ignorance of how we are shaped racially is the first sign of privilege. In other words. It is a privilege to ignore the consequences of race in America.

It was only after two years' work that it occurred to me that I was a writer. I had no particular expectation that the novel would ever be published, because it was sort of a mess. It was only when I found myself writing things I didn't realise I knew that I said, 'I'm a writer now.' The novel had become an incentive to deeper thinking. That's really what writing is—an intense form of thought.

De verdad, no conozco a ninguna chica americana que se pueda resistir al acento inglés.

There’s a land—oh, it beckons and beckons, And I want to go back—and I will.

The debate over the inherent benefits of Pax Americana should have been settled long ago. But history only settles great debates for as long as people can remember the history.

How many more, I must ask myself, such perfect ends of Augusts will I witness?

Be like the elephant my friend - with a strong character and a gentle soul.

And it is awful here, there is no other way to say it. But I believe that Detroit is America’s city. It was the vanguard of our way up, just as it is the vanguard of our way down. And one hopes the vanguard of our way up again. Detroit is Pax Americana...America’s way of life was built here.

America is a great country, built by great people - you know what made them great - the spirit of freedom and a disregard for binding tradition.

Soon the tumbleweed had become one of the Wild West’s most iconic characters. A grand joke, no? This paragon of Americana—secretly an immigrant, after all. The Russian thistle disguised itself well.

There is an old Russian saying. 'A serpent changes his skin, not his fangs.

Where else but America could football flourish, America with its millions of fertile acres of corn, soy, and wheat, its lakes of dairy, its year-round gushers of fruits and vegetables, and such meats, that extraordinary pipline of beef, poultry, seafood, and pork, feedlot gorged, vitamin enriched, and hypodermically immunized, humming factories of high-velocity protein production, all of which culminate after several generations of epic nutrition in this strain of industrial-sized humans? Only America could produce such giants.

... Pero ellos eran la ciencia americana. ¿Comprendes Bruno?. El guardapolvos los protejia de los agujeros; no veían nada, aceptaban lo ya visto por otros, imaginaban que estaban viendo. Y naturalmente no podían ver los agujeros;....

Oh, don't mind Humpty. He's inhaled a hell of a lot of super-glue.

A thinking human must practice thinking.

American—a child not of old borders and ancient alliances, but of ideals and liberty.

Most people think of Stephen King as a horror author, but his best work usually comes with a side order of nostalgic Americana.

It looked like the kind of place tailor-made for fourth of July parades and speeches by local politicians and ceremonies crowning the Pig Queen or whatever they had here. The sun should have been shining and making everything look even more corny, like Pure Americana Extract....

The Joker's henchmen break into the museum and empty the display cases; this occurs repeatedly, again and again: finally it can be reckoned upon beforehand and becomes a part of the exhibition.

It may be underfunded and at times mismanaged, but the [Endangered Species] Act is an unprecedented attempt to delegate human-caused extinction to the chapters of history we would rather not revisit: the Slave Trade, the Indian Removal Policy, the subjection of women, child labor, segregation. The Endangered Species Act is a zero-tolerance law: no new extinctions. It keeps eyes on the ground with legal backing-the gun may be in the holster most of the time, but its available if necessary to keep species from disappearing. I discovered in my travels that a law protecting all animals and plants, all of nature, might be as revolutionary-and as American-as the Declaration of Independence.

The optimist sees the glass as half full, the pessimist as half empty. What I see is water that can save someone's life.

Sólo lo difícil es estimulante; sólo la resistencia que nos reta, es capaz de enarcar, suscitar y mantener nuestra potencia de conocimiento

The character of a nation comes not from the character of its leader, but from that of the citizens.

You have always adored driving great distances across your country; it is the only time you ever feel any kind of patriotism.

The Pig Chef was - if you thought about it - one of the more sinister icons of American roadside art. Danny's personal totem. What kind of pig is a butcher? What kind of pig cooks barbeque? A traitor pig, a killer pig, a doomed preterite pig destined for eternal damnation. Danny's Pig Chefs showed the full weight of this knowledge in their mocking eyes and snaggled snouts.

A incapacidade de contactar com a realidade é a característica de toda a «arte» americana. Qualquer semelhança entre a arte americana e a natureza americana é pura coincidência, mas isso acontece apenas porque a nação, no seu conjunto, não tem contacto com a realidade.

But then it came time for me to make my journey—into America. [... N]o coincidence that my first novel is called Americana. That became my subject, the subject that shaped my work. When I get a French translation of one of my books that says 'translated from the American', I think, 'Yes, that's exactly right.

La gente ya está meneando la cabeza a mi alrededor, y si vuelvo a utilizar profesionalmente la palabra "Dios" en un futuro inmediato, no siendo como una sana y común exclamación americana, ello será considerado -o más bien, confirmado- como la peor clase de presunción y un signo inequívoco de que voy derecho a mi perdición.

All that is loathsome, drooping, or decayed is here.

todos sabem que o caminho para a verdadeira audácia passa sempre, primeiro, pelo fingimento.

Por mais que ame as palavras, por vezes elas são completamente insuficientes.

We'd still be living in caves if a few crazy individuals didn't push things forward - change is scary but it's necessary for the progress of a species.

Individual progress must contribute to the collective progress of a people, otherwise, it's of no consequence in the vast ocean of space and motion.

Taking care of your own family is good, taking care of your neighbor's family is better and taking care of all the families in your neighborhood is the best.

Humanity begins with the individual human.

There is no such thing as “my country”, “your country”, it's all ours.

Use the internet wisely for not just the petty enjoyment of your senses, but for the development of your mind as well.

É que a visão americana assentava não na adoção do sistema europeu de equilíbrio de poder, mas na expansão dos princípios democráticos, de que resultaria o triunfo da paz.

No American is UnAmerican.

A antropóloga norte-americana Margaret Mead escreveu: “A virtude é quando se tem a dor seguida do prazer, o vício é quando se tem o prazer seguido da dor”.

After the end of the Cold War, a belief was proclaimed in a ‘New World Order’, an ‘end of history’, world peace characterised by democracy and trade (Pax Americana). Now the Twenty-first century is preparing for us perhaps the most bellicose situation in the entire history of humanity. The enormous wars of the Twentieth century will be smaller than those that we and our descendants are going to experience.

It doesn't matter how many scriptures you have memorized - it doesn't matter how many academic publications you have studied - it doesn't matter how many pilgrimages you have visited - what matters is are you wise and conscientious enough to bring your understanding in the service of the people around you.

Most people think of the Bretton Woods system as a sort of Pax Americana. The American Century, if you will. But that’s simply not the case. The entire concept of the Order is that the United States disadvantages itself economically in order to purchase the loyalty of a global alliance. That is what globalization is. The past several decades haven’t been an American Century. They’ve been an American sacrifice.

[...] experimentaram o que era estar num purgatório, uma longa espera inerme, uma espera cuja coluna vertebral era o desamparo, coisa muito latino-americana, aliás, uma sensação familiar, uma coisa que se você pensasse bem experimentava todos os dias, mas sem angústia, sem a sombra da morte sobrevoando o bairro como um bando de urubus e espessando tudo, subvertendo a rotina de tudo, pondo todas as coisas de pernas para o ar.

The American Century is over. Pax Americana has come to a close. Gone now is all the hubristic chatter of an American Empire. Gone is the “unipolar world” where the United States was the undisputed hegemonic power.

Un miembro de la raza humana completamente incapaz de comprender la mayor productividad de la división del trabajo y la propiedad privada no es, propiamente hablando, una persona, sino que moralmente es como un animal —

It was like hundreds of roads he'd driven over - no different - a stretch of tar, lusterless, scaley, humping toward the center. On both sides were telephone poles, tilted this way and that, up a little, down... Billboards - down farther an increasing clutter of them. Some road signs. A tottering barn in a waste field, the Mail Pouch ad half weathered away. Other fields. A large wood - almost leafless now - the bare branches netting darkly against the sky. Then down, where the road curved away, a big white farmhouse, trees on the lawn, neat fences - and above it all, way up, a television aerial, struck by the sun, shooting out bars of glare like neon. ("Thompson")

What America needs is character - a character, bright enough to shine over a whole community - a character burning with love, passion and purity - a character free from all sorts of sectarianism, be it religious, political or atheistic.

En toda América, las enfermedades introducidas con los europeos se propagaron de una tribu a otra mucho antes que los propios europeos, causando la muerte de aproximadamente el 95 por ciento de la población indígena americana precolombina.

Ho bevuto fino a impazzire, mi sono stordita con le droghe a sedici anni, sono sgattaiolata fuori con uomini adulti per andare all’ultimo spettacolo del Fillmore East, ho vissuto nuda nelle comuni e ho rubato. Ho scritto la mia tesi sul suicidio nella poesia contemporanea americana lavorando come barista mentre mi facevo scopare sul tavolo da biliardo nel retro. Sono stata un’assistente in una clinica per schizofrenici a Chelsea e capogruppo in un centro d’accoglienza per senzatetto sulla Trentesima. Ho seguito le tracce di Giovanna d’Arco in Francia, preso un treno per Roma a mezzanotte e indossato tacchi a spillo per una lesbica italiana feticista della pelle. Ho preso acidi per tre giorni sul treno da Montréal a Vancouver, dove ho passato una notte con un famoso musicista jazz musulmano che mi ha sedotto con il suo sassofono e le sue invocazioni predicatorie. Ho trovato il modo di entrare in campi di accoglienza per vittime di stupro in Bosnia, ho indossato il burqa nell’Afghanistan dei talebani, ho guidato caricata a caffè attraverso le strade minate del Kosovo. Dovevo vedere, sapere, toccare, trovare l’orecchio. Forse stavo inscenando la mia cattiveria, o cercando la mia bontà, o avvicinandomi alla disumanità più profonda per provare a capire come sopravvivere al peggio di cui siamo capaci. Poi sono andata in Congo, ed è là che tutto è andato in frantumi. Là, dove, in un solo colpo, i peggiori atti di crudeltà incontravano la più pura gentilezza. Ero arrivata fin là.

E há poucas coisas mais dolorosas do que perder a intimidade com alguém que se ama. É uma neblina que se põe lentamente e vai esborratando tudo. É uma série de portas que se fecham, de tempos e sítios que já não voltam, e a outra pessoa perde-se de nós.

True meaning of America is not discrimination and segregation, it is equality and inclusion. And so long as that force of equality and inclusion runs through the veins of even ten Americans, no brainless bigot can succeed in poisoning the soul of our great land of liberty.

You better get it while you can You better get it while you can If you wait too long, it'll all be gone And you'll be sorry then It doesn't matter if you're rich or poor And it's the same for a woman or a man From the cradle to the crypt Is a mighty short trip So you better get it while you can

It is not for nothing that that vivacious lady is standing up there with the torch of liberty in her hand, as a beacon to the whole world - take a look at the world through her eyes, if you really want to see something – and you won’t just see scenery – you’ll see the whole parade of what humans have carved out for themselves after centuries of fighting – fighting so they could stand on their own two feet, free and decent, no matter their race, religion and creed.

Ovviamente non si ha il diritto di dar da mangiare a Pop Corn, visto che si trova qui per dimagrire. Novantotto chili a nove anni, un metro e dieci di altezza per un metro e dieci di larghezza! Il solo indumento in cui entri completamente è una tuta sportiva americana, le cui righe sembrano avere il mal di mare.

Credomancy may seek to exploit the human desire for a tidy narrative where an unblemished romantic hero vanquishes all obstacles, but such ideals have very little to with reality. Reality requites pragmatism and compromise. Men fail. Women fail. There are no heroes, only human beings who somehow find the strength to behave heroically, no matter how many times they have been unable to do so in the past. If you understand that, Miss Edwards - if you truly and deeply understand that, then you will understand the most powerful thing anyone with a heart can understand.” “And what’s that?” Emily said softly. “That love is not enough. But it’s a start.

She knew that Mr. Gryce was of the small chary type most inaccessible to impulses and emotions. He had the kind of character in which prudence is a vice, and good advice the most dangerous nourishment. But Lily had known the species before: she was aware that such a guarded nature must find one huge outlet of egoism, and she determined to be to him what his Americana had hitherto been: the one possession in which he took sufficient pride to spend money on it. She knew that this generosity to self is one of the forms of meanness, and she resolved so to identify herself with her husband's vanity that to gratify her wishes would be to him the most exquisite form of self-indulgence.

cambio, es como un loro que salta de rama en rama y parlotea a la vista de todos.» Gustave se imaginaba que era una fiera salvaje: le encantaba pensar que era un oso polar, remoto, silvestre y solitario. Yo acepté esta idea suya, y hasta le dije que era un búfalo salvaje de las praderas americanas; pero es posible que no fuera más que un loro.

Y porque se comenzaba a aburrir de comprobar que esas elegancias no eran más que subterfugios, Jerónimo regresó a su tierra americana, burda y primitiva, en busca de obligaciones que dieran nobleza a su libertad. ¿Pero cómo tomar la resolución de incorporarse a un mundo cuyas verdades más altas son decretadas por un guiso de congrio en escabeche?

A economia americana precisa de criar algo na ordem de um milhão de empregos por ano apenas para fazer face ao crescimento da população. (…) Uma das ideias fundamentais mais infiltrada na ética americana – a convicção de que qualquer um pode triunfar pelo trabalho árduo e pela perseverança – tem realmente pouca expressão na realidade estatística.

como «plática motivacional con crisis de identidad»

La cafeína le llega al torrente sanguíneo como un sueño de otra vida.

La vida es un breve periodo de tiempo durante el que estamos vivos.

perímetro. Lydia move o corpo na direção dessa

Burn so bright that the world comes to life.

Corruption begins at home and can end at home.

When a civil servant or politician acts out of self-interest, it's called corruption, but when a citizen does it, it's called public interest.

There is no such thing as a foreigner, for all humans are our family.

Birth of a question is the beginning of education.

The sign of wisdom is to have more questions than answers.

God art thou and thy will be done.

I needed death in order to believe I was living, an atmosphere of death much more real and personal than anything the newspapers can offer.

More than money, fame and even truth, give me people.

A leader must, not should, but must, act as a liberated human being, a being beyond labels in order to bring real harmonious progress in a nation.

Good is god and discrimination is demon.

Change is scary but it's necessary.

At our current evolutionary stage, a mass of people is no more wise than a pack of wolves.

Even an orange orangutan can win an election with the power of popularity if it exudes enough charisma, but that doesn't make him a conscientious leader of a people.

Delusions must be treated with wisdom, prejudices must be treated with acceptance, bigotry must be treated with responsibility.

Delusions believed by billions are still delusions and the truth of one humanity embraced by even one human is still the truth.

So long as you remain blindly obedient to your own culture, other cultures would always remain as "other" cultures.

The best path is to have no path.

Reasoning is hard to practice compared to the capacity of sentiments, but when practiced, it opens up new gateways of perception.

The world is our family and our family is our responsibility.

It’s the people that matters, not the traditions, doctrines or institutions.

People are what matters and how you treat them determines what kind of a creature you are - a conscientious human being or a mere human-looking animal.

See past all arguments - all thesis and anti-thesis - all opposites, and only then true productive insight of a phenomenon or a situation would manifest in your mind.

Opinions will differ, but let not your humanity be lost because of your differences.

Popularity is not an evidence of authenticity.

In the hands of corrupt citizens democracy gives rise to a corrupt nation.

If you have faith in all the trinities and apostles in the world, and still have no faith in yourself, there is no salvation for you.

I get to stop now. Stop hiking, and maybe with time, stop other things too. Stop knocking at a door that doesn't want to let me in.

They fought to restore voting rights.

Era la sed y el hambre, y tú fuiste la fruta. Era el duelo y las ruinas, y tú fuiste el milagro. —Pablo Neruda, “La canción desesperada

Most humans think - "we are living our life, the world is not our business." And that's precisely where not only everything gets messed up, but more importantly, that's where humanity loses the right to be called human, for being human requires possessing a sense of responsibility towards the society we live in, without which we might as well be living in the jungle with our fellow animals.

few hours after I finished The Multiversity: Pax Americana #1 by Grant Morrison and Frank Quitely, something happened: I got it. Now, I can’t shake the sense that I read the best superhero single issue of the year. Morrison’s Multiversity project (available digitally on comiXology and Kindle , and in our third party marketplace ) is a grand one for DC Comics: eight single issues--each a #1, and

Dovevi comportati bene con il prossimo, anche con i leccapiedi. E se: a) Credevi che Gesù fosse il Figlio di Dio b) Credevi che fosse venuto a salvarti dal peccato c) Riconoscevi la presenza dello Spirito Santo dentro di te (tornavi bambino, diceva lui) d) Non bestemmiavi contro il suddetto Spirito (vedi c) Allora: e) Avresti vissuto in eterno f) In un posto fichissimo g) Probabilmente in paradiso Se invece h) Peccavi (e/o) i) Ti comportavi da ipocrita (e/o) j) Davi più importanza alle cose che alle persone (e/o) k) Non facevi quanto elencato ai punti a, b, c, d Eri semplicemente l) fottuto

All women is brothers,' Burley Coulter used to say, and then look at you with a dead sober look as if he didn't know why you thought that was funny. But, as usual, he was telling the truth. Or part of it.

I come home from work this evening there was a note in the frying pan said Fix Your Own Supper Babe I Run Off With The Fuller Brush Man Well I sat down at the table screamed & hollered & cried I commenced to carring on 'till I almost lost my mind and I miss the way she used to Yell At Me the way she used to Cuss & Moan and if I ever go out and get married again I'll never leave my wife at home The Frying Pan Diamonds In The Rough John Prine

“In the Victorian age, he would have been an opium addict. A portrait of Byronic tragedy and Gothic ruin. In the Medieval period, he would have glutted himself on the blood lust and the religious fervor of the Crusades, falling on the twin pyres of courtly love and the denial of self-abstention. In the 1950s, it was quaint Americana, chain-smoking, and drinking. Fast cars, rock music, and fucking,” he spat the word. “He was dying when I turned him. I think he knew.

Decía Jovellanos en una carta de 17 de agosto de 1811: Tengo sobre mi corazón la insurrección de América…, No son los pobres indios los que la promueven: son los españoles criollos, que no pelean por sacudir un yugo…, sino para arrebatar un mando que envidian a la metrópoli. Tampoco es desconocido que la mayor parte de los héroes de la independencia americana contra España se habían formado en academias militares aquí mismo, junto a los compañeros a los que luego combatieron y mataron.

Respetar cuanto uno ha de respetar; no protestar por nada; no sufrir jamás la molestia de no tener confianza en sí mismo; no enredarse jamás en la obsesión ni ser torturado por la incapacidad, envenenado por el resentimiento, impulsado por la cólera…

My religion is the best - my nation is the best - my language is the best - my skin color is the best - and so on. One may feel proud saying all these things, but that very pride ends up becoming the cause of all interhuman conflicts in the human society.

I am . . . a mortal enemy to arbitrary government and unlimited power. I am naturally very jealous for the rights and liberties of my country; and the least appearance of an encroachment on those invaluable privileges is apt to make my blood boil exceedingly. I have likewise a natural inclination to observe and reprove the faults of others, at which I have an excellent faculty.” It was as good a description of the real Benjamin Franklin—and, indeed, of a typical American—as is likely to be found anywhere.37

[Attending the Sun Dance] There was a smattering of tourists, both serious and recreational. Professors of anthropology and ethnology. Writers of fact and other fiction. A family from Wisconsin pausing on their long, sacred pilgrimage to The Land of Disney.

La condición americana, en lo esencial, es la de tener poca sensibilidad para el pasado. No nos sentimos prisioneros del pasado. Estamos como más libres, sueltos y ágiles para afrontar los requerimientos del presente y del mañana. En el fondo de toda verdadera conciencia europea hay la noción de que el ayer es más importante que el hoy. En el fondo de toda conciencia verdaderamente americana está activa la noción de que el hoy y el mañana son más importantes que el ayer. No tenemos cómo vivir de herencia, sino de faena propia.

An economically weakened and isolationist America will call into question the Pax Americana, whereby the United States oversees international peace and security, and thus expose the world to the unpredictable whims and values of nondemocratic powers. These are not the solutions the world needs. Creating sustainable economic growth in the twenty-first century requires no less than aggressively retooling history’s greatest engine of growth, democratic capitalism itself. This requires a clear-eyed assessment of how ineffective the system is in its current state, politically as well as economically—and then implementing the repairs that will yield better outcomes. Too much is at stake for us to remain wedded to the status quo. The ominous rise of protectionism and nationalism throughout the world portend that the global economy and community are eroding already. The only way forward is to preserve the best of liberal democratic capitalism and to repair the worst. We cannot cling to past practices and old ideologies simply for their own sake. Doing nothing is no choice at all.

Había aprendido lo peor de las lecciones que puede dar la vida: la de que carece de sentido. Y cuando sucede tal cosa, la felicidad nunca vuelve a ser espontánea, sino que es artificial e, incluso entonces, se compra el precio de un obstinado distanciamiento de uno mismo y de su historia.

Even in the face of the stormy conditions of June 1801, Lieutenant Decatur counted himself the luckiest of men to have a place on this mission. Every creak of the frigate as she rocked on the waves whispered of glory ahead. The salty air filling his lungs gave him an invigorating sense of the honor of simply being an American—a child not of old borders and ancient alliances, but of ideals and liberty. And he took pride in his ship; although the Essex was smaller than the President, Decatur felt a swelling of pride as he considered the line of cannons, more than thirty in all.

Una ragazza in effetti c'era. Non era ancora in ballo, però ci avevo già messo gli sopra. Era una studentessa del secondo anno che come me si era appena trasferita a Winesburg, pallida e snella, con capelli castani scuri e un modo di fare che m'intimidiva per come mi pareva distaccato e risoluto. Seguiva le mie stesse lezioni di storia americana e a volte sedeva proprio accanto a me, ma non volendo correre il rischio di sentirmi dire di lasciarla in pace, non avevo trovato il coraggio di farle neppure un cenno di saluto, e tanto meno di parlarle. Una sera la vidi in biblioteca.

Voi tutti sapete cos'hanno fatto. Hanno dichiarato illegale l'uso di impulsi subsonici nella pubblicità audio. Ma noi abbiamo ribattuto con un elenco di parole chiave, semanticamente collegate con ogni trauma o nevrosi presenti nella moderna vita americana. Hanno dato retta ai fissati della sicurezza stradale e ci impediscono di proiettare i nostri messaggi sul parabrezza delle macchine, ma noi ci difendiamo. Il laboratorio mi informa — e indicò il direttore del nostro Reparto Scientifico — che presto sperimenteremo un sistema capace di proiettare la pubblicità direttamente sulla retina.

Las razas fuertes exterminan a las débiles, los pueblos civilizados suplantan en la posesión de la tierra a los salvajes. No debieran nuestros escritores insistir sobre la crueldad de los españoles para con los salvajes de América, ahora como entonces, nuestros enemigos de raza, de color, de tendencias, de civilización. Quisiéramos apartar de toda cuestión social americana a los salvajes, por quienes sentimos, sin poderlo remediar, una invencible repugnancia… no son más que unos indios asquerosos, a quienes habríamos hecho colgar y mandaríamos colgar ahora, si reapareciesen en una guerra.

O SUICÍDIO É UMA FORMA DE ASSASSINATO – assassinato premeditado. Não é algo que se faz da primeira vez que se pensa em fazer. A gente precisa se acostumar com a ideia. E precisa dos meios, da oportunidade, do motivo. Um suicídio bem-sucedido exige boa organização e cabeça fria, coisas geralmente incompatíveis com o estado de espírito de quem quer se suicidar. É importante cultivar um distanciamento. Uma forma de fazer isso é imaginar-se morta ou morrendo. Havendo uma janela, deve-se imaginar o próprio corpo caindo da janela. Havendo uma faca, deve-se imaginar essa faca penetrando na própria pele. Havendo um trem que já vai chegar, deve-se imaginar o próprio corpo esmagado sob as rodas. Esses exercícios são essenciais para atingir o distanciamento necessário. O motivo é de suma importância. Sem um motivo forte, vai tudo por água abaixo. Meus motivos eram fracos: um trabalho de História Americana que eu não queria fazer e a pergunta que eu me propusera meses antes: “Por que não me matar?”. Morta, eu não precisaria fazer o trabalho. Nem precisaria ficar ponderando aquela pergunta. Essa ponderação me desgastava. Depois que a gente se faz uma pergunta dessas, ela não nos larga mais. Acho que muita gente se mata só para pôr fim ao dilema de se matar ou não. Tudo o que eu pensava ou fazia era imediatamente incorporado ao dilema. Fiz um comentário idiota – por que não me mato? Perdi o ônibus – melhor acabar com tudo. Até o que era bom entrava no jogo. Gostei desse filme – talvez eu não devesse me matar. Na verdade, eu só queria matar uma parte de mim: a parte que queria se matar, que me arrastava para o dilema do suicídio e transformava cada janela, cada utensílio de cozinha e cada estação de metrô no ensaio de uma tragédia. Só fui descobrir tudo isso, porém, depois de engolir cinquenta aspirinas.

The masses are existentially entitled to talk nonsense and advocate for prejudices, but when an authority of the masses begins to talk nonsense and advocate for prejudice and bigotry, it is an existential crisis for not just those masses but all humans around the world, with implications of catastrophic proportions.

Sully's, on South Prospect, was the quintessential biker-bar, complete with hefty, leather-clad Harley worshippers, and stringy-haired heroin-addicted women who made the rounds among the bikers. Its décor was decidedly Medieval Garage Sale, with a dose of Americana thrown in. An old motorcycle carcass dangled from the vaulted section of the beamed ceiling, and the wood plank floors were littered with butts, scarred by bottle caps and splattered with homogenized bodily fluids. The only light to be had was from neon, dying sconces, and lit cigarettes. Various medieval swords perched on each wall, reminiscent of the times of Beowulf and Fire Dragons on the Barrow.

Who knew that specialty food producers from bastions of Americana as Gainesville, Florida, and Louisville, Kentucky, had begun to experiment with artisanal soy sauce? According to a prominent food magazine, the Kentucky producer even aged its sauce in old bourbon barrels for an added whiff of smoke and local color. Top chefs all over America were raving about the depth of flavor the smoky sauce brought to dry-aged filet mignon and buttery black cod. An avant-garde chef in Chicago had infused the soy sauce into butter. The resulting concoction was spread on bite-sized brioche, topped with tobiko caviar, and served as the amuse bouche to his seventeen-course tasting menu.

Na Nova Inglaterra, o verão de 1998 foi marcado por muito sol e calor; no beisebol, por uma batalha entre um deus branco e outro deus negro; e, nos Estados Unidos, por uma imensa febre de religiosidade, de puritanismo, quando o terrorismo — que se seguiu ao comunismo como a principal ameaça à segurança do país — foi sucedido pela felação, quando um presidente viril, de meia-idade mas de aparência jovem, e uma estagiária ousada e apaixonada, com vinte e um anos de idade, aprontaram no Salão Oval como se fossem dois adolescentes num estacionamento, resgatando a mais antiga paixão americana, historicamente talvez o seu prazer mais traiçoeiro e subversivo: o êxtase da santimônia.

Increasingly economic historians can draw analogies between the development of the present crisis and the period between the two world wars, as well as the crisis of a century ago, which was associated with the so-called great depression of 1873-1895. The latter crisis resulted in the rise of monopoly capitalism and imperialism, but also the end of Pax Britannica, as Britain began its decline from world leadership in the face of challenges from Germany and the United States. The present world crisis seems to be spelling the beginning of the end of Pax Americana and may hold untold other major readjustments in the international division of labor and world power in store for the future.

Eu certamente não conseguiria — naquele momento da minha vida — lidar com outro grande peso, o ‘problema do negro’. A questão sexual e moral era difícil de trabalhar. Eu não teria como tratar das duas no mesmo livro. Não havia espaço para isso”, disse ele. Sua editora norte-americana, a Knopf, porém, queria outro romance sobre a vida no Harlem. Disseram a Baldwin que ele era um “escritor negro” e que tinha um público específico. “Então eles me falaram: ‘Você não pode se dar ao luxo de desagradar a esse público. Esse novo livro vai destruir a sua carreira, porque você não está escrevendo sobre as mesmas coisas e da mesma maneira que antes, e não vamos publicá-lo para lhe fazer um favor’.

El archipiélago de los Galápagos, situado en el Ecuador, está entre 500 y 600 millas de distancia de las costas de América del Sur. Casi todas las producciones de la tierra y del agua llevan allí el sello inequívoco del continente americano. Hay 26 aves terrestres, de las cuales 21, o quizá 23, son consideradas como especies diferentes; se admitiría ordinariamente que han sido creadas allí, y, sin embargo, la gran afinidad de la mayor parte de estas aves con especies americanas se manifiesta en todos los caracteres, en sus costumbres, gestos y timbre de voz. Lo mismo ocurre con otros animales y con una gran proporción de las plantas, como ha demostrado Hooker en su admirable flora de este archipiélago.

Mormon out of whole cloth. He pronounced Mormonism a “myth fraternity,” and slipped into a profound spiritual crisis that lasted until his death, of a heart attack, in 1983. “You can’t set Book of Mormon geography down anywhere,” he wrote in 1976, “because it is fictional and will never meet the requirements of the dirt-archaeology. What is in the ground will

É questão de certo interesse perceber que as artes populares dos EUA da virada do milênio tratam a anedonia e o vazio interno como coisas descoladas e cool. De repente são vestígios da glorificação romântica do mundo e sofisticada e aí consumida por pessoas mais jovens que não apenas consomem arte mas a examinam em busca de pistas de como ser chique, cool - e não esqueça que, para os jovens em geral, ser chique e cool é o mesmo que ser admirado, aceito e incluído e portanto assolitário. Esqueça a dita pressão-dos-pares. É mais tipo uma fome-de-pares. Não? Nós entramos numa puberdade espiritual em que nos ligamos ao fato de que o grande horror transcendente é a solidão, fora o enjaulamento em si próprio. Depois que chegamos a essa idade, nós agora daremos ou aceitaremos qualquer coisa, usaremos qualquer máscara para nos encaixar, ser parte-de, não estar Sós, nós os jovens. As artes dos EU são o nosso guia para a inclusão. Um modo-de-usar. Elas nos mostram como construir máscaras de tédio e de ironia cínica ainda jovens, quando o rosto é maleável o suficiente para assumir a forma daquilo que vier a usar. E aí ele se prende ao rosto, o cinismo cansado que nos salva do sentimentalismo brega e do simplismo não sofisticado. Sentimento é igual a simplismo neste continente (ao menos desde a Reconfiguração). [...] Hal, que é vazio mas não é besta, teoriza privadamente que o que passa pela transcendência descolada do sentimentalismo é na verdade algum tipo de medo de ser realmente humano, já que ser realmente humano (ao menos como ele conceitualiza essa ideia) é provavelmente ser inevitavelmente sentimental, simplista, pró-brega e patético de modo geral, é ser de alguma maneira básica e interior para sempre infantil, um tipo de bebê de aparência meio estranha que se arrasta anacliticamente pelo mapa, com grandes olhos úmidos e uma pele macia de sapo, crânio enorme, baba gosmenta. Uma das coisas realmente americanas no Hal, provavelmente, é como ele despreza o que na verdade gera a sua solidão: esse horrendo eu interno, incontinente de sentimentos e necessidades, que lamenta e se contorce logo abaixo da máscara vazia e descolada, a anedonia.

She loved the smell of old truck; thick cotton and vinyl seat covers, old gasoline and oil, the smell of country, decades of farmers, workers and families taking trips back and forth to town, up backroads to swimming holes, over fields, through all the weather. She imagined what this truck would have seen if it had eyes and a memory. She was about to become one more episode in its existence.

I give you today this simple principle of social progress - adopt a neighborhood, make the problems of that neighborhood your own problems and work to solve them in any manner possible. See your neighborhood as your very own family and act upon that sense of responsibility and eventually the whole world will have enough individuals to take care of all the problems of all the neighborhoods in the world.

An attack on the rich is not a disruption of peace but a step towards it. The rich oppress the poor daily by exploiting their misery and poverty. The poor are kept poor and beaten down continually by the greed of the rich and the systems of capitalist exploitation. Poverty is violence against the poor. Tax cuts for the rich, leading to budget cuts in social spending, are an act of class warfare. It is a mistake to call for “peace” when there is no peace for the poor, homeless, or disadvantaged under capitalism. One might argue that even Christ was crucified in the name of “peace” by the Roman Empire.20 But Pax Romana—or today’s Pax Americana—is never true peace. It is peace by oppression. The rich must be brought low, the powerful must be humbled, the lowly must be exalted, and good news must be proclaimed to the poor.

Wake up my friend - my would-be patriot of the planet and wake everyone else up. Be the alarm to the world, for it is almost mid-day in progress. The sooner the humans wake up, the more time they'll have to celebrate together their beautiful existence as an advanced species. And if they don't wake up and keep sleeping, then by the time they wake up, it'll be a billion times harder than now to even talk of harmony, let alone see that harmony in action.

Shaskepeare e Dionisos "As furiosas falas de Cleópatra parecem mais chocantes para um ouvido anglo-saxónico do que para um mediterrâneo. O discurso veemente e desabrido é comum entre os povos do Sul, devido à persistência da agricultura e de uma intensidade pagã. Quem vive da terra, ou na proximidade da terra, reconhece a terrível amoralidade da natureza. As sádicas imagens de Cleópatra são normais para um italiano. Os meus parentes italianos imigrados diziam coisas como " Que te matem" ou "Hás-de ser comido por um gato". Segundo o meu pai ,expressões ítalo-americanas comuns foram adoptadas a partir da forma che te possono (que te façam isto ou aquilo). Por exemplo " Que te arranquem os olhos", " Que arrastes a língua pelo chão", "Que te apertem os tomates", " Que te cosam o cu". A similaridade com o estilo retórico de Cleópatra é evidente. A tortura e o homicídio estão sempre próximas da imaginação mediterrânica.

I come here sometimes just to be in the presence of such ancient beings. The sides of the boulder are festooned with Umbilicaria americana in raggedy ruffles of brown and green, the most magnificent of northeastern lichens. Unlike those of its tiny crustose forebearers, the Umbilicaria’s thallus—its body—can span an outstretched hand. The largest one recorded was measured at just over two feet. Light streams through holes over the heads of young trees while their grandmothers loom in shadows, great buttressed trunks eight feet in diameter. You want to be quiet in instinctive deference to the cathedral hush and because nothing you could possibly say would add a thing. Here is where the fog drips. Here is where the moisture laden air from the Pacific rises against the mountains to produce upward of one hundred inches of rain a year, watering an ecosystem rivaled nowhere else on earth. The biggest trees in the world. Trees that were born before Columbus sailed.

Phytophthora infestans. Era una plaga causada por un hongo, pero ¿de dónde venía? Nadie lo sabía, pero era posible que hubiera llegado a Estados Unidos con alguna importación, porque, como deseaban evitar cualquier degeneración en la raza de la patata, los agricultores americanos habían adquirido la costumbre de importar de Perú las patatas de siembra. Algunos de los barcos también transportaban guano, el estiércol de gaviota que se utilizaba como fertilizante, por lo que parecía probable que el hongo hubiera pasado del guano a la patata de siembra durante la travesía. Después de establecerse en Nueva York, el hongo comenzó a propagarse con una pasmosa rapidez. Cruzó Nueva Jersey y Pensilvania. Hacia 1845, llegaría al Medio Oeste. El comercio de patata de siembra era triangular. De la costa Este americana, la semilla viajaba a Europa; cuando apareció en el Medio Oeste, la plaga comenzaba a atacar también los patatales de los Países Bajos de Holanda y Bélgica y de la costa meridional de Inglaterra.

Helene Hanff, an aspiring playwright who had been put to work in the Theatre Guild press office, remembered trying to generate some effective publicity for Away We Go! “This was, they told us, the damndest musical ever thought up for a sophisticated Broadway audience,” Hanff wrote. “It was so pure you could put it on at a church social. It opened with a middle-aged farm woman sitting alone on a bare stage churning butter, and from then on it got cleaner.”16 It was the kind of Americana that Larry Hart distrusted. But at the New Haven tryout he tried to keep an open mind. Of the songs in Away We Go!’s first act, five of them—“Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin’,” “The Surrey with the Fringe on Top,” “Many a New Day,” “People Will Say We’re in Love,” and “Out of My Dreams”—were destined to become instant classics, with “All Er Nuthin’” and “Oklahoma!” delighting the audience in the second act. But Larry wasn’t so delighted. He might have regarded “We know we belong to the land” as a professionally crafted line, as resonant to recent immigrants as to Mayflower descendants; but “The land we belong to is grand”?

los fragmentos de realidad que uno atesora como su biografía puedan parecerle a otro que, por ejemplo, ha cenado diez mil veces a la misma mesa de cocina, una caprichosa excursión a la mitomanía. Pero, claro, nadie se molesta en pagar sus cincuenta pavos para la cuadragésima quinta reunión de su instituto a fin de presentarse y armar una protesta contra la versión que ofrece otro de cómo fueron las cosas. Lo realmente importante, la delicia suprema de la tarde, es sencillamente descubrir que tú todavía no figuras en la página encabezada con la expresión «In Memoriam».

Both the European Union and the United States are in some sense the heirs of Rome. Like Rome, the United States is founded on a republican myth of liberation from a tyrannical oppressor. Just as the Rape of Lucretia led to the overthrow of the last Etruscan king, so the Boston Tea Party led to the overthrow of the British crown. The Founding Fathers of the United States sought quite literally to create a New Rome, with, for instance, a clear separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches of government—with the legislative branch called, as in Rome, the Senate. They even debated whether the executive branch would not be better represented, as in Rome, by two consuls rather than the president that they eventually settled for. The extended period of relative peace and prosperity since the end of the Second World War has been dubbed the Pax Americana [‘American Peace’], after the Pax Romana which perdured from the accession of Augustus in 27 BCE to the death of the last of the Five Good Emperors, Marcus Aurelius, in 180 CE. The United Kingdom’s departure from the European Union can be accounted for, in part, by the ghost of the nineteenth century Pax Britannica, when the British Empire was not merely a province of Rome but a Rome unto herself.

Nor would I have you to mistake in the point of your own liberty. There is a liberty of corrupt nature, which is affected both by men and beasts, to do what they list; and this liberty is inconsistent with authority, impatient of all restraint; by this liberty, Sumus Omnes Deteriores;[109] ’tis the grand enemy of truth and peace, and all the ordinances of God are bent against it But there is a civil, a moral, a federal liberty, which is the proper end and object of authority; it is a liberty for that only which is just and good; for this liberty you are to stand with the hazard of your very lives; and whatsoever crosses it is not authority, but a distemper thereof. This liberty is maintained in a way of subjection to authority; and the authority set over you will in all administrations for your good be quietly submitted unto, by all but such as have a disposition to shake off the yoke, and lose their true liberty, by their murmuring at the honour and power of authority.

The difference between a dictator and a true leader, is in intention. Given enough resources anybody can manipulate the minds of the masses and become their chosen authority, for the masses rarely look past the veil of the candidate's charm. And this is more evident today than ever, as a psychologically unfit misogynistic bully has swayed his way into the oval office with nothing but charm and charisma. So, basically we live in a society where a bully can become the authority of a great nation, the history of which is filled with true leaders who were the forerunners of humanitarian glory and real progress - these leaders were not simply the leaders of a country, or a party, but they were and still remain in the heart of the civilized humans as the leaders of humanity. They were the torch-bearers of egalitarianism and their light spread across the globe and touched countless lives with the warmth of humaneness. They lived among the masses but they didn't let the prejudices of the masses become their own, let alone infect the masses with more prejudices, unlike today's so-called leadership in America. They made America truly a great nation, by turning it into a symbol of liberty and acceptance, and today that very greatness is at stake, as the primitive evils of prejudices and discriminations have once again begun to creep into its backbone, through the words and actions of its very so-called leader. This is not a threat to democracy, for democracy itself at our current evolutionary stage, is a threat to our progress, rather it is a threat to the heritage of every single act of kindness, reasoning and acceptance ever committed in the history of humanity. The masses are existentially allowed to talk nonsense and advocate prejudices, but when an authority of the masses begins to talk nonsense and advocate prejudice and bigotry, it is an existential crisis for not just those masses but all humans around the world, with implications of catastrophic proportions. A leader is to take away prejudices from the psychological edifice of a country - a leader is to uplift a country, that is, a people, while warming their minds with the gentle flames of love, acceptance and reasoning. In fact, that's the only kind of true leadership there is, rest are just uncivilized tribalism that brings along more and more conflicts in the heart of the people within a country as well as outside of it.

DOCTEUR JOUVE AND MÍSTER MAC TITULAR Aquí está el extraño caso que conmocionó al país, los crímenes más terribles de Mister Mac en París. NOTICIA El docteur Jouve nació en el corazón de Europa, cosa que se traslucía en sus modos y en su ropa. De niño fue algo precoz, si bien su primera cita no fue una cuestión de amor sino, más bien, erudita. Por la mañana se tomaba un tostón de Thomas Mann, un vaso de Joyce de frutas y un milhojas de Renan. Llamó a su perro Lacan, llamó a su gato Goethe, el benjamín era Walter y su esposa La Feyette. Tenía un chale en la Pleyáde una casa en la Montaigne y un Nietzsche en el cementerio con un busto de Verlaine. Cuando estaba en la Camus su esposa era Simenon porque le cogía un Sófocles si él quería un Fenelón. Como estaba Debussy, ella se sentía sola, por eso empezó un diario y al final se sentió Zola. Los años van Maupassant, se va quedando Calvino, se siente un poco Stravinski, y muy poco cervantino. Pero el docteur Jouve esconde un secreto terrorífico tras las botellas de Evian que inundan su frigorífico. Tiene oculta entre el burdeos, en gruyère y el gorgonzola, una pócima secreta que se llama coca cola. Cada vez que se la bebe se le altera el mecanismo y se transforma en un monstruo de contumaz consumismo. Se arranca entre convulsiones la americana pana, los pantalones a cuadros y la bufanda de lana. Luego se pone sus levis, sus adidas y su custo y sale con ganas de consumir con sumo gasto. De este modo transformando docteur Jouve en míster Mac se va directo de compras sin pasar por el FNAC. De golpe adora a los USA compras nikis de la NASA le pone Pamela Anderson y su cultura de masas. Después de haberse comprado un doble de Britney Spears, va a depilarse la espalda pues no es un lobo en París. Tiene una serie de Friends que invita siempre a su House para mirar la MTV y en los highlights pone pause. Por la mañana volvía a ser el gran europeo que viste ropa de Sartre y es -gracias a Dios- ateo. Era tan grande su Ovidio que desde una estantería <<¡Qué vedo!>>, exclamaba Góngora y <<¡Te Virgilio!>>, Marías. Pero una noche quemó su nutrida biblioteca, y no se salvó del fuego ni el penúltimo planeta. Otra noche mató a un hombre que parecía Balzac y luego entró en un McDonalds y se pidió un big mac. Por estar leyendo un libro de un tal Jünger Habermás dicen que a un colega suyo nadie lo volvió a-ver-más. Con su Northface y sus RayBan y su jerga angloparlante Míster Mac se llevó a muchos al infierno por peDantes. CIERRE No hace falta que escojáis entre Pamela y Balzac que todos somos a ratos docteur Jouve y míster Mac.

Dobbiamo stare attenti che il senso di queste parole non si dimentichi ancora. L’Ur-Fascismo è ancora intorno a noi, talvolta in abiti civili. Sarebbe così confortevole, per noi, se qualcuno si affacciasse sulla scena del mondo e dicesse: “Voglio riaprire Auschwitz, voglio che le camicie nere sfilino ancora in parata sulle piazze italiane!†Ahimè, la vita non è così facile. L’Ur-Fascismo può ancora tornare sotto le spoglie più innocenti. Il nostro dovere è di smascherarlo e di puntare l’indice su ognuna delle sue nuove forme – ogni giorno, in ogni parte del mondo. F.D.Roosevelt: “Oso dire che se la democrazia americana cessasse di progredire come una forza viva, cercando giorno e notte con mezzi pacifici, di migliorare le condizioni dei nostri cittadini, la forza del fascismo crescerà nel nostro paese

I went to the butcher and the farm stands yesterday. I brined my chicken for four hours, set the alarm, and then did a buttermilk soak for another four. The chicken will be spectacular. I drove out to this liquor store off I-35 that I know sells the real Cokes- in beautiful glass bottles from Mexico. Purists believe Mexican Coke is far better because they use refined cane sugar, not high-fructose corn syrup. I am one of these purists. I also purchase Coke in a can and the regular American Coke, which is in one of those beautiful light green glass bottles that's Americana personified.

Quanto a Marchionne, sebbene non lo cercasse, il destino di uomo divisivo un po’ lo gratificava, perché è un corollario della scoperta della leadership. Gli è capitata dopo i cinquant’anni e sapeva come maneggiarla, a cominciare dal maglione nero. Prima ha accettato l’etichetta di manager socialdemocratico piovutagli in testa un po’ per caso, quindi ha svelato la sua natura reale di capo pragmatico, di formazione culturale nordamericana, di base meritocratica e liberale, ma disponibile a servirsi volta per volta degli strumenti che l’economia e la politica mettono a disposizione, la buona reputazione del manager con le banche e con la borsa (cruciali nel caso della put con Gm) o la rapidità di intercettare un’opportunità di relazione con l’amministrazione americana, com’è successo nel caso Chrysler.

Um exército de ovelhas liderado por um leão derrotaria um exército de leões liderado por uma ovelha”. Hooyah.

America is impossibility made possible.

What America explores today, the world explores a decade later.

Who are we? We are the lovers of this land. Who are we? We are the children of this land. Who are we? We are the soldiers of this land.

It's time we become the new Americans - Americans with more accountability than recklessness - Americans with more curiosity than rigidity - Americans with more acceptability than prejudice - Americans with more inclusivity than discrimination.

As a Caribbean born, I understand the self as a multi geometric entropic process always connected with the communal self. I do not seek history as a way to find points of origins, but to articulate historical locations in a traveling interconnected knowledge system that provides solutions for my subjective migrant experience. In a deeper process, the encounter with these places of interceptions, the crossroads, could become turning points to return, do depart, to convey, and to arrive to the present. African Aesthetics still nurtures contemporary artistic practices in the Caribbean, as well as in Africana Americana Diaspora and the US/Latino Diaspora. Writing the Decolonial Mariposa Ancestral Memory CARIBBEAN INTRANSIT ARTS JOURNAL VOL. 1 | ISSUE 4 | SPRING 2013

As a Caribbean born, I understand the self as a multi geometric entropic process always connected with the communal self. I do not seek history as a way to find points of origins, but to articulate historical locations in a traveling interconnected knowledge system that provides solutions for my subjective migrant experience. In a deeper process, the encounter with these places of interceptions, the crossroads, could become turning points to return, do depart, to convey, and to arrive to the present. African Aesthetics still nurtures contemporary artistic practices in the Caribbean, as well as in Africana Americana Diaspora and the US/Latino Diaspora. Writing the Decolonial Mariposa Ancestral Memory CARIBBEAN INTRANSIT ARTS JOURNAL VOL. 1 | ISSUE 4 | SPRING 2013

La explicación es que admitimos tácitamente el modelo político y social norteamericano como la realización de la utopía americana. Un ejemplo: la Constitución argentina de 1853, orgullo y monumento político de ese país, está a tal punto calcada de la Constitución norteamericana, que los jueces argentinos han podido referirse a la jurisprudencia norteamericana a la hora de interpretarla.

American industry was going to not only supply the war in Europe but also engage in the then-to-date largest peacetime buildup of the American arsenal, an effort surpassing Roosevelt’s cousin Teddy’s initiative in the first decade of the century. About nine hundred planes had been built annually for the military in the United States from 1936 to 1939. In 1940 production jumped to over six thousand. Even this would be a mere fraction of what was to come.

In 1947 Levitt & Sons, led by Bill, gambled on 1,200 flat, less-than-verdant acres of farmland set in the center of the island. Set about thirty miles from the Empire State Building, beyond the dense boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, stood this parcel of land, seemingly a world apart from the vibrant, dense urban street life filled with trolleys, vendors, and pedestrians. Levitt viewed this prospective transition in evangelical terms: “You marvel at the rebirth of man, man with his own piece of the good earth, his own share of light and air and sunshine.” To this reborn man, Levitt planned to sell single-family, detached houses in the suburbs.

The effect was that an entire generation of new families was being formed within driving distance of a city, but without being a part of one. The suburban ethos and the impending baby boom coincided in spirit and function. The profile of these towns took the shape of male commuters, housewives at home, and communities entirely centered on raising children, family factories of a sort. The patterns of life, family, and commuting—the bland and conforming sameness of it all—alarmed social and cultural critics as it became apparent that the energies and aspirations of young families, the renewable source of people, were going to be drained from the American city.

Having four walls of one’s own, a patch of grass in the back, a grill for hot dogs, and the ability to see the sky didn’t seem that bad. And what was this culture the critics were so fond of? Most Americans went to the movies, not poetry readings. Couldn’t a few of these theaters be built out here too? And didn’t a baseball game on the radio sound just as good anywhere?

Similarly, suburbia unified taste. In The Organization Man, a wide-ranging analysis of suburban household behavior, William H. Whyte pointed to “inconspicuous consumption” as a central precept of acceptable behavior in the middle-class cul-de-sac. While material comforts and luxuries were to be energetically pursued as a part of the good life, it was a part of an observed social contract to not stand out too much relative to one’s neighbors. It was a delicate balancing act between showing that one had a little more taste or money versus maintaining the “strong impulse toward egalitarianism.” And when a family’s capacity for consumption significantly outpaced their neighbors’, they upgraded suburbs. What might have been seen as an obscene or vulgar show of upward mobility in one neighborhood might be normal in the next development over.

For an entire class of people to once again be involved in the political process, to directly vote on taxes and financing matters, was a level of participatory democracy at which Alexis de Tocqueville would have marveled: “To have a hand in the government of society, and to talk about it,” wrote Tocqueville in his Democracy in America in 1835, “is the most important business and so to speak, the only pleasure an American knows.

To CBS boss Bill Paley, who had come of age building his radio network to rival NBC, the simple formula to keep up was to transfer his radio stars to TV. The transition worked for America’s most famous newscaster, Edward R. Murrow, who had become famous for broadcasting from London during the Battle of Britain. But two far bigger stars would emerge in a different genre. In the late forties, Lucille Ball had been a star of a CBS radio program known as My Favorite Husband, a situation comedy that chronicled the domestic life and squabbles of an all-American couple.

A few weeks later, the United States Steel Corporation was formed. It was a testament to the power of Morgan, and the entirely unregulated securities market, that he could go from a handshake to a public company in less than eight weeks. As the syndicate manager, Morgan’s firm deposited $25 million to execute the mechanics of the transaction. Morgan’s role was to organize the consolidation, sell shares to the public, and serve on its board of directors. Morgan himself was not a major shareholder of any of the consolidations he sponsored or underwrote. His compensation generally came in the form of fees for arranging these massive transactions. U.S. Steel combined every major steel consolidation of the previous three years, along with Carnegie Steel, into a superconsolidation. On March 29, when the shares were brought to market, U.S. Steel became the first company to be valued at over $1 billion.

But Morgan’s view of the president as an equal might have been reasonable given the circumstances: U.S. Steel’s revenues that year were $560 million; the federal government’s total revenues through all its taxation powers amounted to $562 million. And Morgan had interests in multiple companies, while poor Roosevelt was a proxy for but one government. But Roosevelt, as Morgan now understood, was just getting started on balancing the equation.

But he ran into the age-old buzz kill of entrepreneurs everywhere: regulation. Just as Pemberton was getting going, Atlanta passed a prohibition law. Pemberton complied and stripped out the alcohol content but was now left to do with only cocaine and kola. The wine content and flavor had disappeared. After experimenting with sweeteners and other ingredients, Pemberton came up with a sugared syrup that blended the kola and coca. He then looked to distribute the syrup through a southern institution: the soda fountain. Offering carbonated water with myriad flavors of fruit, drugstores pioneered an ample seasonal business for cold beverages in the hotter months. Pemberton’s syrup found its way into the soda fountains in the summer of 1886. Soon Pemberton’s “temperance drink”—powered by the cocaine of coca and the caffeine of kola—was named descriptively “Coca-Cola.

Indirectly getting a lion’s share of patent medicine revenues, the newspapers netted more money from selling advertising to these firms than did the patent medicine firms from selling their potions after expenses. “Should the newspapers, magazines, and medical journals refuse their pages to this class of advertisements, the patent medicine business in five years would be as scandalously historic” as past financial follies and frauds. He pointed out that Hearst alone generated over half a million dollars from patent medicine advertising. But as Adams knew well, the economics of publishing was such that once the printing cost of an edition was met, each incremental advertising dollar generated was nearly all margin and dropped right to the bottom line—neither Hearst nor anyone else was likely to turn away from the industry’s largesse.

To his peers he outlined his simple logic that “when you touch a man’s pocket, you touch him where he lives. That principle is true of the newspaper editor.” This new clause had its intended effect. Newspaper editors and publishers, understanding that a large portion of their contracted revenues could be canceled at a moment’s notice, made sure to apply the lightest touch with all editorial and legislative matters concerning patent medicines. The concerted action of major advertisers, exercised through one simple clause, compromised much of the newspaper industry’s editorial integrity.

The live animal was the raw, wholesale industrial input; each day, tens of thousands of pigs and cows stood in the stockyards around Chicago waiting their final hours. In 1905 over 54 million hogs and 13 million cattle—one large animal for every adult American—were slaughtered in the United States, many of them in Chicago.

So recently as twenty-five years ago, the blood was allowed to run into the river, and men were paid five dollars a load to cart the heads, feet, and other wasted material upon the prairie and there bury it in pits and trenches. Today, a large packing plant depends largely for its profit on the intelligent utilization of those so-called waste materials. The large packing establishments of today manipulate their own horns, hoofs, bones, sinews, hide-trimmings, etc. •

So, as the wheel turned, a hog was suddenly jerked off his feet and borne aloft. At the same time, the ear was assailed by a most terrifying shriek. . . . The shriek was followed by another. And meantime another was sprung up, and then another, and another, and then there was a double line of them, each dangling by a foot and kicking in frenzy—and squealing. It was all so very businesslike that one watched it fascinated. It was pork making by machinery, pork making by applied mathematics. • • •

But Sinclair’s story missed its intended target. Dedicating The Jungle “to workingmen of America,” he had hoped to shed light on the working conditions in American factories. The novel’s prescription and conclusion was for men to find strength in unions, and then socialism. To Sinclair’s dismay, sympathies gravitated to concern for the American stomach rather than any concern for the plight of immigrant workers.

that year throughout the United States.

Starting with his modest amount of capital, Ford began his work on the Ford Motor Company’s first car, the Model A, starting in 1903. And from the start, contradictions abounded. Ford didn’t believe that the customer was always right. Indeed, he attributed the difficulties of his early competitors to their slavish need to listen to customers. To Ford this was a trap. The customers willing to pay the absolute most for a car were ones who wanted customization. But an automaker willing to customize, to cater to individual requests, lost the opportunity to scale his operation, which rested on repeating the same thing over and over again. To reduce the cost of production, a manufacturer needed to standardize components and processes. Customization, in Ford’s words, led to “the habit of grabbing at the nearest dollar as though it were the only dollar in the world.” Customers needed to be led, not followed.

This method soon found its way into every process at his factory. The final chassis assembly went from twelve hours, twenty-eight minutes down to one hour, thirty-three minutes. In the chassis assembling, there are forty-five separate stations. The first men fasten four mud-guard brackets to the chassis frame. The motor arrives on the tenth operation . . . the man who places a part on does not fasten it. The man who puts in a bolt does not put on the nut; the man who puts on a nut does not tighten it. On operation thirty-four, the budding motor gets its gasoline. On operation forty-four, the radiator is filled with water, and on operation forty-five the car drives out onto John R. Street.

Within a year, the radio industry was booming. It even had its own trade magazines full of advertisements for tools, components, batteries, and advice for radio merchants starting in the industry.

Dozens of radio manufacturers raced to install radios in homes. At the same time, the Radio Dealer warned its commercial readers of an emerging scourge: “Any attempts to put over ‘advertising stunts’ should be nipped in the bud.” The industry’s assumption was that the future of the business was in the sale of transmission equipment and home radios, antennae, and installation services. The fear was that attempts to commercialize the actual content away from amateurs would destroy the airwaves and thereby the radio equipment business.

A few stations, starting with one owned by AT&T, started broadcasting messages for advertisers. Within a couple of years, AT&T’s broadcast activities had become far more professional. Baseball games and highlights, news reports, music, and other forms of entertainment soon made their way onto the air. AT&T, as the nation’s telephone company, owned an advanced wiring system that enabled small and distant radio broadcasters nationwide to pick up programming from hundreds of miles away—with this, a small station in Maine could pick up a signal from Washington DC via a wire and broadcast the signal to a local audience. Rather than have countless stations develop their own expensive programming, AT&T’s primary station, WEAF, allowed other local stations to broadcast a programming block. With its national infrastructure and early entry into broadcast advertising, AT&T’s national broadcast operation was profitable.

For millions of rural Americans, the battery-powered radio was often the first electric device in the household. Even at the end of the war in 1918, strikingly, only half of American homes had been wired for electricity, with rural households largely left out. Before the pleasures of Edison’s lightbulb and the alternating-current standard propagated by Westinghouse became ubiquitous, the next generation of their respective corporations brought pop culture to the nation’s living rooms, where Americans in the city and out in the country huddled to spend their evenings—often in a collective trance, listening to the same thing at the same time for the first time in history.

Stoll, judging by the tone of his editorial on his publication’s one-year anniversary, was exultant. When the act’s fruit juice exemption was finalized, “as if by magic, California became the Mecca for grape speculators.” Growers and speculators in the grape districts had already sensed the enthusiasm over the summer of 1920 when prices were a healthy $50 per ton. But by the end of the growing season, trading had produced “unheard of prices,” jumping to “$75, $100, $125, and $150 a ton for ordinary wine grapes.” The “700 wineries of California have been supplanted by millions of home manufacturers of wine,” who needed grapes and grape concentrate.

Other growers were more concerned that “consumers remained woefully ignorant” of grape varieties such as the petite sirah, vastly preferring zinfandels. Still, California sold 250,000 tons of grapes in 1921. Bad law had made for such good business, the Grape Grower couldn’t help but publish some euphoric poetry: The season opened with a whiz; From every angle looked like biz. The yield was fair, quality grand; Prices established, bids on hand. O happy day, happy day When booze was banned and grape held sway.

The mission of the New Yorkers was to build a national organization, aspiring to institutional permanence, based on Sicilian traditions. To suit the geography of the United States, it was decided that rather than have one national head like in Sicily, a boss of bosses, this syndicate should have a ruling family in each major American city with the exception of New York, which would have five families. All in all, it was a democratic approach to American criminality. To coordinate and settle interfamily disputes, there would be a commission of nine members. Behavior would be highly codified, with entry limited to members whose parents were both of Italian origin. The killing of any member needed to be sanctioned by the head of the family. The killing of any family head needed to be sanctioned by the other family heads, the commission. With this plan, Charles “Lucky” Luciano established the blueprint for the American mafia, La Cosa Nostra. It seemed that even in the criminal markets, rational actors tended to collude, form cartels, and create local monopolies, rather than ruthlessly compete for every last dollar to everyone’s detriment.

Even Al Capone, the night before his sentencing, was perplexed over the intricacies of public policy. “I’m not complaining, but why don’t they go after all these bankers who took the savings of thousands of poor and lost them in bank failures? How about that? Isn’t it a lot worse to take the last few dollars some small family has saved—perhaps to live on while the head of the family is out of a job—than to sell a little beer?” It was too late to counter views such as Capone’s with the intricate points of preserving the gold standard or the nuances of the balance of payments—the verdict was on display at the soup kitchens for all to see. The men of the shantytowns named “Hoovervilles,” full of makeshift homes that assaulted the dignity of the once-proud workingman, father, and husband, understood this economy as well as any economist.

With the first banks opened on Monday, the afternoon brought another request from Roosevelt. Stating that he needed the tax revenue, he asked Congress that beer with alcohol content of up to 3.2 percent be made legal; the Eighteenth Amendment did not specify the percentage that constituted an intoxicating beverage. Congress complied. The House passed the bill the very next day with a vote count of 316–97, pushing it to the Senate. Wednesday brought good cheer: The stock market opened for the first time in Roosevelt’s presidency. In a single-day record, the Dow Jones Industrial Average gained over 15 percent—a gain in total market value of $3 billion. By Thursday, for increased fiscal prudence, the Senate had added an exemption for wine to go with beer, but negotiated the alcohol content down to 3.05 percent. Throughout the week, banks were receiving net deposits rather than facing panicked withdrawals. Over the following weeks, the administration developed a sweeping farm package designed to “increase purchasing power of our farmers” and “relieve the pressure of farm mortgages.” To guarantee the safety of bank deposits, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was created. To regulate the entire American stock and bond markets, the Exchange Act of 1933 required companies to report their financial condition accurately to the buying public, establishing the Securities and Exchange Commission. Safety nets such as Social Security for retirement and home loan guarantees for individuals would be added to the government’s portfolio of responsibilities within a couple of years. It was the largest peacetime escalation of government in American history.

THERE WAS ONE MAN in the movie business immune to the usual pressures of dealing with actors, directors, set design, and union contractors. He created stars who never aged, never complained, never walked off the job, and never demanded salaries. By 1937 Walt Disney was already a dominant parallel force to the studio system, “the Horatio Alger hero of Cinema.” He did need distribution, but his company’s work had such a strong draw at the box office that the distribution arms needed Disney more than the other way around. He controlled the biggest star in the world, Mickey Mouse, who had debuted in a short seven-minute cartoon Steamboat Willie in 1928. Even better, Mickey was a commercial phenomenon away from the box office.

By the end of the Eisenhower presidency, television had become inseparable from national politics and presidential campaigns. The average American household had owned a television set for less than ten years when, in 1960, Massachusetts senator John F. Kennedy and Vice President Nixon faced off in the first-ever televised presidential debate. While the polio-afflicted FDR could not walk and Eisenhower was a less-than-charismatic speaker in public, the new visual medium granted no allowances. Starting with the debate, presidential elections were now a form of performance art in which every grimace, eye roll, and hand gesture counted toward the outcome—democracy subject to the rolling cameras of capitalism’s next big thing. •

In 1955, to introduce its readers to the rise of the league, Life ran a pictorial with the title “Savagery on Sunday.” The brief story had an unnamed quarterback lamenting that “the game is getting rougher every year. It’s war rather than sport.” But there was more to the game than simple brutality. The evolution of the pro passing game, along with player specialization, added a degree of strategic complexity to the game, with coaches resembling generals as they patrolled the sidelines. Given these factors, football made for great television, with the game often better seen at home than from within a stadium. Needless to say, Americans were sold on all counts.

As a result, the platform would evolve to become a check on business and capital. As capitalists wanted endless cheap labor in the form of new immigrants, which suppressed wages for workers already in America, the Democrats during their convention in 1892 asserted their commitment to stop this “foreign pauper” immigration in an effort to gain the labor vote. Labor factions, seeing their economic aims in practical terms, were in the process of severing themselves from the ideological clutches of socialists and anarchists into the mainstream arms of Democrats. But the evolutionary process of American politics would be messy.

You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard. I tell you that the great cities rest upon these broad and fertile prairies. Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic. But destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country. . . . If they dare to come out in the open field and defend the gold standard as a good thing, we shall fight them to the uttermost, having behind us the producing masses of the nation and the world. . . . We shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.

Within a year, the radio industry was booming. It even had its own trade magazines full of advertisements for tools, components, batteries, and advice for radio merchants starting in the industry. The premiere issue of Radio Dealer noted that over 25,000 amateur broadcasters had set up transmitting stations on allowed frequencies.

In the spring of 1935, an editor at the New York publishing house Macmillan, while on a scouting trip through the South, was introduced to Mitchell and signed her to a deal for her untitled book. Upon its release in the summer of 1936, the New York Times Book Review declared it “one of the most remarkable first novels produced by an American writer.” Priced at $3, Gone with the Wind was a blockbuster. By the end of the summer, Macmillan had sold over 500,000 copies. A few days prior to the gushing review in the Times, an almost desperate telegram originated from New York reading, “I beg, urge, coax, and plead with you to read this at once. I know that after you read the book you will drop everything and buy it.” The sender, Kay Brown, in this missive to her boss, the movie producer David Selznick, asked to purchase the book’s movie rights before its release. But Selznick waited. On July 15, seeing its reception, Selznick bought the film rights to Gone with the Wind for $50,000. Within a year, sales of the book had exceeded one million copies. Almost immediately Selznick looked to assemble the pieces needed to turn the book into a movie. At the time, he was one of a handful of major independent producers (including Frank Capra, Alfred Hitchcock, and Walt Disney) who had access to the resources to make films. Few others could break into a system controlled by the major studios. After producing films as an employee of major studios, including Paramount and MGM, the thirty-seven-year-old Selznick had branched out to helm his own productions. He had been a highly paid salaried employee throughout the thirties. His career included producer credits on dozens of films, but nothing as big as what he had now taken on. As the producer, Selznick needed to figure out how to take a lengthy book and translate it onto the screen. To do this, Selznick International Pictures needed to hire writers and a director, cast the characters, get the sets and the costumes designed, set a budget, put together the financing by giving investors profit-participation interests, arrange the distribution plan for theaters, and oversee the marketing to bring audiences to see the film. Selznick’s bigger problem was the projected cost.

THE SYSTEM in many ways was a necessary one. Each film was entirely different, but all were expensive. Unlike a factory, a lavish movie set might be used just once, especially if the scene called for a fire or explosion. The key employees, writers, actors, and directors were known to be volatile. Even an expensively produced film that got everything right, however, could not guarantee that audiences would actually pay to watch it. And if a movie was well received by audiences, very little of this knowledge could be directly applied to another film. It was art posing as business. The rise of major studios resulted from an ongoing search for an economic formula that could make the movies work as an industry.

As theaters were the first point of revenue collection for the entire industry, this side of the business often had insights on how to keep the halls full every weekend and therefore needed some control of the product, the films themselves. Unlike a producer, who usually hired people one movie at a time and could scale down expenditures, a theater owner had substantial leases or mortgage payments on his real estate and faced ongoing pressure. Further, theater owners suddenly had to spend large amounts of capital to upgrade their facilities for a new technology.

The studios then fed their pictures first and exclusively to theaters they owned in competitive markets like New York, Chicago, and Boston. A caste system among theaters developed in which first-run pictures went to certain chains and second-run pictures—reruns, essentially—went to another tier of chains. In dealing with independent theater owners, distributors used the leverage of stars and major pictures to bundle their slate of minor pictures—for a theater owner to get the big blockbusters, he had to agree to show the harder-to-market films. The studio system’s purpose at every step was to smooth out the economics of an unpredictable business. The outcome was a functioning cartel.

But Silicon Valley was filling up newspapers with dozens of pages of employment ads. One Atari ad in 1974 read simply, “Have Fun, Make Money.” The day the ad ran, an unkempt eighteen-year-old who had grown up in nearby Cupertino showed up at the front desk of the game maker. He refused to leave without a job. The receptionist relayed the message to a senior engineer and asked whether she should call the cops. Instead the engineer, Al Alcorn, engaged with the “hippie-looking kid,” learning that he was a dropout from the literary Reed College with no formal engineering background but deep enthusiasm for technology. Despite the negatives, Alcorn hired Steve Jobs as a technician at $5 an hour. Atari’s unconventional hiring practices didn’t dissuade Sequoia Capital from making an investment. Neither did Atari’s manufacturing floor: “You go on the factory tour and the marijuana in the air would knock you to your knees—where they were manufacturing the product!” Sequoia’s Don Valentine would note later. Japanese quality control it wasn’t. Still, the venture capitalist took the big picture view to his board duties, suggesting that prudishness would have been futile: “What would I say, get a higher brand of marijuana?” This too was a fundamental shift, the counterculture of San Francisco and Berkeley permeating south. The

But Silicon Valley was filling up newspapers with dozens of pages of employment ads. One Atari ad in 1974 read simply, “Have Fun, Make Money.” The day the ad ran, an unkempt eighteen-year-old who had grown up in nearby Cupertino showed up at the front desk of the game maker. He refused to leave without a job. The receptionist relayed the message to a senior engineer and asked whether she should call the cops. Instead the engineer, Al Alcorn, engaged with the “hippie-looking kid,” learning that he was a dropout from the literary Reed College with no formal engineering background but deep enthusiasm for technology. Despite the negatives, Alcorn hired Steve Jobs as a technician at $5 an hour. Atari’s unconventional hiring practices didn’t dissuade Sequoia Capital from making an investment. Neither did Atari’s manufacturing floor: “You go on the factory tour and the marijuana in the air would knock you to your knees—where they were manufacturing the product!” Sequoia’s Don Valentine would note later. Japanese quality control it wasn’t. Still, the venture capitalist took the big picture view to his board duties, suggesting that prudishness would have been futile: “What would I say, get a higher brand of marijuana?” This too was a fundamental shift, the counterculture of San Francisco and Berkeley permeating south.

But the start-up was the land of mercenaries, young men whose spirits ran counter to traditional corporate culture but who were vastly capitalistic in their personal financial ambitions and their sacrifices. As risky as start-ups were, given that most failed, these employees had little notion or expectation of stability. In addition, start-ups often paid less than comparable corporate jobs but required more hours. To offset the low compensation and lack of job security, start-ups offered equity in the form of stock options. And if the stock options paid off, the newly rich early employee often became difficult to manage. The dynamics were more similar to joining a pirate ship than the Royal Navy.

At a subsequent Homebrew meeting where Wozniak showed his creation, everyone seemed impressed, including Wozniak’s friend Steve Jobs. Around that time, Jobs was given a freelance project at Atari, having altered the terms of his employment. Atari’s founder had tasked Jobs with designing a single-player version of Pong, in which the ball could be simply hit against a wall back to the player. Jobs called on Wozniak, who was working at Hewlett-Packard, to help. Over the course of less than a week, Jobs and Wozniak delivered a single-player version of Pong. Jobs was in a rush. He needed to go back to a commune in Oregon, where the apple-picking season was about to begin.

The lack of much outside investment allowed Gates and Allen to hold the vast majority of their company’s stock through the mideighties. Jobs, while his net worth had climbed into a significant fortune with Apple’s rise, didn’t own enough to control his destiny and was fired. It was a cruel irony: For all his counterculture spirit and brilliance, he suffered the mercenary’s fate, left with money but no kingdom. Gates, however, remained reluctant to go public even ten years after Microsoft’s founding. Eventually, due to the number of Microsoft employees who owned shares, and U.S. securities laws obligating any company with more than 500 shareholders to be registered, which Microsoft expected to soon pass, Gates agreed to list his shares. But as a final symbol of resistance, he did try to fly coach during the IPO roadshow—one last ode to parsimony—until his underwriters insisted otherwise.

While rebuilding using insurance proceeds and a bank loan, an epiphany struck: “You can sleep a man only once in twenty-four hours, but you can feed him three times.” He added a restaurant. A decade and a half later, a simple announcement from Washington DC would unravel his life’s work.

In June 1956, the final contours of a nearly $33 billion highway bill reached President Eisenhower’s desk for his signature. Even Eisenhower couldn’t resist superlatives, calling the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways the “greatest public works program in the history of the world.” The 41,000 miles of fast, smooth, and federally funded interstate highways were designed to connect all the major cities in America with populations of over fifty thousand.

But Sanders did have one bit of intellectual property, an asset that would carry him forward yet again: a fried chicken recipe that he had perfected over the years in his restaurant. Initially, fried chicken had been an ancillary item on the menu, a means of using leftover chicken. However, customers on long drives didn’t want to wait the time it took to pan-fry the chicken. Another cooking method, immersing chicken through a wire basket in oil, was fast but didn’t meet Sanders’s exacting standards. It took an accidental experimentation with a pressure cooker to give Sanders his old restaurant’s special item: Kentucky Fried Chicken.

In 1954 two brothers, Dick and Maurice McDonald, operated a single drive-in that seemed to be the model of simplicity and efficient execution. Unlike other drive-ins of the era, McDonald’s had three base items: hamburger, French fries, and drinks. It had no seating. The hamburgers were priced at 15 cents, an extra 4 cents for cheese. Fries cost 10 cents, a milkshake 20 cents.

One of the most expensive projects underwritten in the era was a computing system known as SAGE, which stood for Semi-Autonomous Ground Environment. Once a radar station picked up an enemy aircraft entering American airspace, SAGE would calculate the incoming flight path based on speed, altitude, and direction and determine which fighter jets should be dispatched to intercept the threat. Other times SAGE might advise that a surface-to-air missile be fired instead. The computers, which were the size of buildings, needed to make recommendations that generals would follow. SAGE went beyond harnessing computing power; it also introduced networking. Through telephone connections, SAGE divided the country into geographic sectors, with a facility in each sector pulling in information from ground radar, naval vessels, and surveillance aircraft. Each facility’s computer was networked with the other facilities’ computers to transmit and receive data as to which combat facilities should be deployed in the event of an attack. Getting the contract to build computing centers for SAGE accounted for fully half of IBM’s computing revenues until the late fifties, subsidizing the transition from the days of punch cards to the new era of computing.