Object Oriented Programming Quotes

Object-oriented programming offers a sustainable way to write spaghetti code. It lets you accrete programs as a series of patches.

Code without tests is bad code. It doesn't matter how well written it is; it doesn't matter how pretty or object-oriented or well-encapsulated it is. With tests, we can change the behavior of our code quickly and verifiably. Without them, we really don't know if our code is getting better or worse.

PHP as an object oriented programming language should be judged by how well it does the job, not on a preconceived notion of what a scripting language should or shouldn't do.

All race conditions, deadlock conditions, and concurrent update problems are due to mutable variables.

Armstrong: I think the lack of reusability comes in object-oriented languages, not in functional languages. Because the problem with object-oriented languages is they've got all this implicit environment that they carry around with them. You wanted a banana but what you got was a gorilla holding the banana and the entire jungle.

Here is a minimal list of the things that every software professional should be conversant with: • Design patterns. You ought to be able to describe all 24 patterns in the GOF book and have a working knowledge of many of the patterns in the POSA books. • Design principles. You should know the SOLID principles and have a good understanding of the component principles. • Methods. You should understand XP, Scrum, Lean, Kanban, Waterfall, Structured Analysis, and Structured Design. • Disciplines. You should practice TDD, Object-Oriented design, Structured Programming, Continuous Integration, and Pair Programming. • Artifacts: You should know how to use: UML, DFDs, Structure Charts, Petri Nets, State Transition Diagrams and Tables, flow charts, and decision tables. Continuous

But while you can always write 'spaghetti code' in a procedural language, object-oriented languages used poorly can add meatballs to your spaghetti.

One was how computers could be networked; the second was how object-oriented programming worked.

As usual, though, if you find yourself running into a wall, stop running into a wall!

var person = {name: "John",                surname: "Smith",                address: {                  street: "13 Duncannon Street",                  city: "London",                  country: "United Kingdom"                }};

The most powerful kind of code constructs other code that has been bundled with just the right amount of curated data; such a bundle is not just a “function pointer” but a closure (in a functional language) or an object (in an object-oriented language).

I grow little of the food I eat, and of the little I do grow I did not breed or perfect the seeds. I do not make any of my own clothing. I speak a language I did not invent or refine. I did not discover the mathematics I use. I am protected by freedoms and laws I did not conceive of or legislate, and do not enforce or adjudicate. I am moved by music I did not create myself. When I needed medical attention, I was helpless to help myself survive. I did not invent the transistor, the microprocessor, object oriented programming, or most of the technology I work with. I love and admire my species, living and dead, and am totally dependent on them for my life and well being.

Every night, millions of Americans spend their free hours watching television rather than engaging in any form of social interaction. What are they watching? In recent years we have seen reality television become the most popular form of television programming. To discover the nature of our current “reality,” we might consider examples such as Survivor, the series that helped spawn the reality TV revolution. Every week tens of millions of viewers watched as a group of ordinary people stranded in some isolated place struggled to meet various challenges and endure harsh conditions. Ah, one might think, here we will see people working cooperatively, like our ancient ancestors, working cooperatively in order to “win”! But the “reality” was very different. The conditions of the game were arranged so that, yes, they had to work cooperatively, but the alliances by nature were only temporary and conditional, as the contestants plotted and schemed against one another to win the game and walk off with the Grand Prize: a million dollars! The objective was to banish contestants one by one from the deserted island through a group vote, eliminating every other contestant until only a lone individual remained—the “sole survivor.” The end game was the ultimate American fantasy in our Age of Individualism: to be left completely alone, sitting on a mountain of cash! 　　While Survivor was an overt example of our individualistic orientation, it certainly was not unique in its glorification of rugged individualists on American television. Even commercial breaks provide equally compelling examples, with advertisers such as Burger King, proclaiming, HAVE IT YOUR WAY! The message? America, the land where not only every man and every woman is an individual but also where every hamburger is an individual! 　　Human beings do not live in a vacuum; we live in a society. Thus it is important to look at the values promoted and celebrated in a given society and measure what effect this conditioning has on our sense of independence or of interdependence

For example, consider a stack (which is a first-in, last-out list). You might have a program that requires three different types of stacks. One stack is used for integer values, one for floating-point values, and one for characters. In this case, the algorithm that implements each stack is the same, even though the data being stored differs. In a non-object-oriented language, you would be required to create three different sets of stack routines, with each set using different names. However, because of polymorphism, in Java you can create one general set of stack routines that works for all three specific situations. This way, once you know how to use one stack, you can use them all. More generally, the concept of polymorphism is often expressed by the phrase “one interface, multiple methods.” This means that it is possible to design a generic interface to a group of related activities. Polymorphism helps reduce complexity by allowing the same interface to be used to specify a general class of action.

Changing requirements are the programming equivalent of friction

// ptrnote.cpp // array accessed with pointer notation #include using namespace std; int main()    {                                       //array    int intarray[5] = { 31, 54, 77, 52, 93 };    for(int j=0; j<5; j++)                  //for each element,       cout << *(intarray+j) << endl;       //print value    return 0;    } The expression

// passarr.cpp // array passed by pointer #include using namespace std; const int MAX = 5;           //number of array elements int main()    {    void centimize(double*);  //prototype    double varray[MAX] = { 10.0, 43.1, 95.9, 59.7, 87.3 };    centimize(varray);        //change elements of varray to cm    for(int j=0; j

// ptrnote.cpp // array accessed with pointer notation #include using namespace std; int main()    {                                       //array    int intarray[5] = { 31, 54, 77, 52, 93 };    for(int j=0; j<5; j++)                  //for each element,       cout << *(intarray+j) << endl;       //print value    return 0;    }

class student                 //educational background    {    private:       char school[LEN];       //name of school or university       char degree[LEN];       //highest degree earned    public:

//empmult.cpp //multiple inheritance with employees and degrees #include using namespace std; const int LEN = 80;           //maximum length of names //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class student                 //educational background    {    private:       char school[LEN];       //name of school or university       char degree[LEN];       //highest degree earned    public:       void getedu()          {          cout << "   Enter name of school or university: ";          cin >> school;          cout << "   Enter highest degree earned \n";          cout << "   (Highschool, Bachelor's, Master's, PhD): ";          cin >> degree;          }       void putedu() const          {          cout << "\n   School or university: " << school;          cout << "\n   Highest degree earned: " << degree;          }    }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class employee    {    private:       char name[LEN];         //employee name       unsigned long number;   //employee number    public:       void getdata()          {          cout << "\n   Enter last name: "; cin >> name;          cout << "   Enter number: ";      cin >> number;          }       void putdata() const          {          cout << "\n   Name: " << name;          cout << "\n   Number: " << number;          }    }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class manager : private employee, private student  //management    {    private:       char title[LEN];        //"vice-president" etc.       double dues;            //golf club dues    public:       void getdata()          {          employee::getdata();          cout << "   Enter title: ";          cin >> title;          cout << "   Enter golf club dues: "; cin >> dues;          student::getedu();          }       void putdata() const          {          employee::putdata();          cout << "\n   Title: " << title;          cout << "\n   Golf club dues: " << dues;          student::putedu();          }    }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class scientist : private employee, private student  //scientist    {    private:       int pubs;     //number of publications    public:       void getdata()          {          employee::getdata();          cout << "   Enter number of pubs: "; cin >> pubs;          student::getedu();          }       void putdata() const          {          employee::putdata();          cout << "\n   Number of publications: " << pubs;          student::putedu();          }    }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// class laborer : public employee             //laborer    {    }; //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// int main()    {    manager m1;    scientist s1, s2;    laborer l1;    cout << endl;    cout << "\nEnter data for manager 1";    //get data for    m1.getdata();                            //several employees    cout << "\nEnter data for scientist 1";    s1.getdata();    cout << "\nEnter data for scientist 2";    s2.getdata();    cout << "\nEnter data for laborer 1";    l1.getdata();    cout << "\nData on manager 1";           //display data for    m1.putdata();                            //several employees    cout << "\nData on scientist 1";    s1.putdata();    cout << "\nData on scientist 2";    s2.putdata();    cout << "\nData on laborer 1";    l1.putdata();    cout << endl;    return 0;    }

In a large program, identifying whether multiple threads might access a given variable can be complicated. Fortunately, the same object-oriented techniques that help you write well-organized, maintainable classes—such as encapsulation and data hiding—can also help you create thread-safe classes. The less code that has access to a particular variable, the easier it is to ensure that all of it uses the proper synchronization, and the easier it is to reason about the conditions under which a given variable might be accessed. The

Many people think “object-oriented programming” is synonymous with “classes”. Definitions of OOP tend to feel like credos of opposing religious denominations, but a fairly non-contentious take on it is that OOP lets you define “objects” which bundle data and code together. Compared to structured languages like C and functional languages like Scheme, the defining characteristic of OOP is that it tightly binds state and behavior together. You may think classes are the one and only way to do that, but a handful of guys including Dave Ungar and Randall Smith beg to differ. They created a language in the 80s called Self. While as OOP as can be, it has no classes.

a way, processes in Elixir are like objects in an object-oriented system (but they have a better sense of humor).

freedom of expression is great for art, but lousy for engineering.

When people write software, they are not writing it for themselves. In fact, they are not even writing primarily for the computer. Rather, good programmers know that code is written for the next human being who has to read it in order to maintain or reuse it. If that person cannot understand the code, it’s all but useless in a realistic development scenario.

Web Application Development In this modern world of computer technology all people are using internet. In particular, to take advantage of this scenario the web provides a way for marketers to get to know the people visiting their sites and start communicating with them. One way of doing this is asking web visitors to subscribe to newsletters, to submit an application form when requesting information on products or provide details to customize their browsing experience when next visiting a particular website. In computing, a web application is a client–server software application in which the client runs in a web browser. HTML5 introduced explicit language support for making applications that are loaded as web pages, but can store data locally and continue to function while offline. Web Applications are dynamic web sites combined with server side programming which provide functionalities such as interacting with users, connecting to back-end databases, and generating results to browsers. Examples of Web Applications are Online Banking, Social Networking, Online Reservations, eCommerce / Shopping Cart Applications, Interactive Games, Online Training, Online Polls, Blogs, Online Forums, Content Management Systems, etc.. Applications are usually broken into logical chunks called “tiers”, where every tier is assigned a role. Traditional applications consist only of 1 tier, which resides on the client machine, but web applications lend themselves to an n-tiered approach by nature. Though many variations are possible, the most common structure is the three-tiered application. In its most common form, the three tiers are called presentation, application and storage, in this order. A web browser is the first tier (presentation), an engine using some dynamic Web content technology (such as ASP, CGI, ColdFusion, Dart, JSP/Java, Node.js, PHP, Python or Ruby on Rails) is the middle tier (application logic), and a database is the third tier (storage).The web browser sends requests to the middle tier, which services them by making queries and updates against the database and generates a user interface. Client Side Scripting / Coding – Client Side Scripting is the type of code that is executed or interpreted by browsers. Client Side Scripting is generally viewable by any visitor to a site (from the view menu click on “View Source” to view the source code). Below are some common Client Side Scripting technologies: HTML (HyperTextMarkup Language) CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) JavaScript Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) jQuery (JavaScript Framework Library – commonly used in Ajax development) MooTools (JavaScript Framework Library – commonly used in Ajax development) Dojo Toolkit (JavaScript Framework Library – commonly used in Ajax development) Server Side Scripting / Coding – Server Side Scripting is the type of code that is executed or interpreted by the web server. Server Side Scripting is not viewable or accessible by any visitor or general public. Below are the common Server Side Scripting technologies: PHP (very common Server Side Scripting language – Linux / Unix based Open Source – free redistribution, usually combines with MySQL database) Zend Framework (PHP’s Object Oriented Web Application Framework) ASP (Microsoft Web Server (IIS) Scripting language) ASP.NET (Microsoft’s Web Application Framework – successor of ASP) ColdFusion (Adobe’s Web Application Framework) Ruby on Rails (Ruby programming’s Web Application Framework – free redistribution) Perl (general purpose high-level programming language and Server Side Scripting Language – free redistribution – lost its popularity to PHP) Python (general purpose high-level programming language and Server Side Scripting language – free redistribution). We also provide Training in various Computer Languages. TRIRID provide quality Web Application Development Services. Call us @ 8980010210

Seibel: In 1974 you said that by 1984 we would have “Utopia 84,” the sort of perfect programming language, and it would supplant COBOL and Fortran, and you said then that there were indications that such language is very slowly taking shape. It's now a couple of decades since '84 and it doesn't seem like that's happened. Knuth: No. Seibel: Was that just youthful optimism? Knuth: I was thinking about Simula and trends in object-oriented programming when I wrote that, clearly. I think what happens is that every time a new language comes out it cleans up what's understood about the old languages and then adds something new, experimental and so on, and nobody has ever come to the point where they have a new language and then they want to stop at what's understood. They're always wanting to push further. Maybe someday somebody will say, “No, I'm not going to be innovative; I'm just going to be clean and simple, and I'm going to stick to it.” Pascal was started with that philosophy but then didn't continue. Maybe we'll get to a time when somebody will say, “Let's set our sights lower and really try to make something that's going to be stable.” It might be a good idea.

Seibel: So sometimes—maybe even often—your people actually know what they're talking about and you shouldn't interfere too much because you might stomp out a good idea. It's trickier when you're really right and their idea really is a little bit flawed but you don't want to beat up on them too much. Allen: There was some of that. It was often where somebody came in with a knowledge of some area and wanted to apply that knowledge to an ongoing piece of project without having been embedded in the project long enough to know, and often up against a deadline. I ran into it big time doing some subcontracting work. I had a group of people that was doing wonderful work building an optimizer based on the work we've done here for PL/I, a big, different language. But one of the people working for the subcontractor had just discovered object-oriented programming and decided that he would apply it to the extreme. And I couldn't stop him, even though I was the contract overseer, and the project was destroyed.

with object-oriented programming in any language,

Of course, explaining object-oriented programming as an enhanced switch is much less fancy than presenting it as a technology that helps us model the real world.

The object-oriented programming paradigm also addresses the problems that arise in procedural programming by eliminating global state, but instead of storing state in functions, it is stored in objects.

Duplication may be the root of all evil in software. Many principles and practices have been created for the purpose of controlling or eliminating it. Consider, for example, that all of Codd’s database normal forms serve to eliminate duplication in data. Consider also how object-oriented programming serves to concentrate code into base classes that would otherwise be redundant. Structured programming, Aspect Oriented Programming, Component Oriented Programming, are all, in part, strategies for eliminating duplication. It would appear that since the invention of the subroutine, innovations in software development have been an ongoing attempt to eliminate duplication from our source code.

In the end, if this book is anything, it is really just a good old-fashioned programming book. While a scientific topic may seed a chapter (Newtonian physics, cellular growth, evolution) or the results might inspire an artistic project, the content itself will always boil down to the code implementation, with a particular focus on object-oriented programming.

Because teaching teaches teachers to teach, this

JavaScript has a very powerful object model, but one that is a bit different than the status quo object-oriented language. Rather than the typical class-based object-oriented system, JavaScript instead opts for a more powerful prototype model, where objects can inherit and extend the behavior of other objects. What

JavaScript doesn’t have a classical object-oriented model, where you create objects from classes. In fact, JavaScript doesn’t have classes at all. In JavaScript, objects inherit behavior from other objects, which we call prototypal inheritance, or inheritance based on prototypes.

As the 1970s drew to a close, and Commodore, Tandy, Altair, and Apple began to emerge from the sidelines, PARC director Bert Sutherland asked Larry Tesler to assess what some analysts were already predicting to be the coming era of “hobby and personal computers.” “I think that the era of the personal computer is here,” Tesler countered; “PARC has kept involved in the world of academic computing, but we have largely neglected the world of personal computing which we helped to found.”41 His warning went largely unheeded. Xerox Corporation’s parochial belief that computers need only talk to printers and filing cabinets and not to each other meant that the “office of the future” remained an unfulfilled promise, and in the years between 1978 and 1982 PARC experienced a dispersal of core talent that rivals the flight of Greek scholars during the declining years of Byzantium: Charles Simonyi brought the Alto’s Bravo text editing program to Redmond, Washington, where it was rebooted as Microsoft Word; Robert Metcalf used the Ethernet protocol he had invented at PARC to found the networking giant, 3Com; John Warnock and Charles Geschke, tiring of an unresponsive bureaucracy, took their InterPress page description language and founded Adobe Systems; Tesler himself brought the icon-based, object-oriented Smalltalk programming language with him when he joined the Lisa engineering team at Apple, and Tim Mott, his codeveloper of the Gypsy desktop interface, became one of the founders of Electronic Arts—five startups that would ultimately pay off the mortgages and student loans of many hundreds of industrial, graphic, and interaction designers, and provide the tools of the trade for untold thousands of others.

Besides directory paths on Windows, raw strings are also commonly used for regular expressions

a raw string cannot end in an odd number of backslashes.

This description requires elaboration when the value and the slice being assigned overlap: L[2:5]=L[3:6], for instance, works fine because the value to be inserted is fetched before the deletion happens on the left.

In general terms, the loop else simply provides explicit syntax for a common coding scenario — it is a coding structure that lets us catch the “other” way out of a loop, without setting and checking flags or conditions.

The name used as the assignment target in a for header line is usually a (possibly new) variable in the scope where the for statement is coded. There’s not much unique about this name; it can even be changed inside the loop’s body, but it will automatically be set to the next item in the sequence when control returns to the top of the loop again.

and indent all but the simplest of blocks.

Boolean and and or operators return a true or false object in Python, not the values True or False.

One of the first questions that bewildered beginners often ask is: how do I find information on all the built-in tools?

when in Pythonland, do as Pythonistas do, not as C programmers do.

We met the list comprehension briefly in Chapter 4. Syntactically, its syntax is derived from a construct in set theory notation that applies an operation to each item in a set, but you don’t have to know set theory to use this tool.

Moreover, depending on your Python and code, list comprehensions might run much faster than manual for loop statements (often roughly twice as fast) because their iterations are performed at C language speed inside the interpreter, rather than with manual Python code.

As usual in programming, if something is difficult for you to understand, it’s probably not a good idea.

absolutes in performance benchmarks are as elusive as consensus in open source projects!

There are lots of people who aren't going to like this book, whether they are into morals or not. I figure there are three distinct groups of people who'll hate this thing. Hate group number one consists of most of the people who are mentioned in the book. Hate group number two consists of all the people who aren't mentioned in the book and are pissed at not being able to join hate group number one. Hate group number three doesn't give a damn about the other two hate groups and will just hate the book because somewhere I write that object-oriented programming was invented in Norway in 1967, when they know it was invented in Bergen, Norway, on a rainy afternoon in late 1966. I never have been able to please these folks, who are mainly programmers and engineers, but I take some consolation in knowing that there are only a couple hundred thousand of them. My guess is that most people won't hate this book, but if they do, I can take it. That's my job.

__next__ raises a built-in StopIteration exception at end-of-file

map is similar to a list comprehension but is more limited because it requires a function instead of an arbitrary expression.

Interestingly, the iteration protocol is even more pervasive in Python today than the examples so far have demonstrated — essentially everything in Python’s built-in toolset that scans an object from left to right is defined to use the iteration protocol on the subject object.

In Pythons 3.3 and 2.7, you can get help for a module you have not imported by quoting the module’s name as a string — for example, help('re'), help('email.message') — but support for this and other modes may differ across Python versions.

I don’t predict the demise of object-oriented programming, by the way. Object-oriented programming offers a sustainable way to write spaghetti code.

Cohesion: each function should have a single, unified purpose. When designed well, each of your functions should do one thing — something you can summarize in a simple declarative sentence. If that sentence is very broad (e.g., “this function implements my whole program”), or contains lots of conjunctions (e.g., “this function gives employee raises and submits a pizza order”), you might want to think about splitting it into separate and simpler functions.

Python has a host of tools that most would consider functional in nature, which we enumerated in the preceding chapter — closures, generators, lambdas, comprehensions, maps, decorators, function objects, and more.

In general, simple is better than complex, explicit is better than implicit, and full statements are better than arcane expressions.

as this little function isn’t needed elsewhere, it was written inline as a lambda.

At the same time, code like that of the prior section may push the complexity envelope more than it should — and, frankly, tends to disproportionately pique the interest of those holding the darker and misguided assumption that code obfuscation somehow implies talent. Because such tools tend to appeal to some people more than they probably should, I need to be clear about their scope here. This book demonstrates advanced comprehensions to teach, but in the real world, using complicated and tricky code where not warranted is both bad engineering and bad software citizenship. To repurpose a line from the first chapter: programming is not about being clever and obscure — it’s about how clearly your program communicates its purpose. Or, to quote from Python’s import this motto: Simple is better than complex.

If you have to translate code to statements to understand it, it should probably be statements in the first place.

In other words, the age-old acronym KISS still applies: Keep It Simple — followed either by a word that is today too sexist (Sir), or another that is too colorful for a family-oriented book like this...

As the prior section suggested, these classes usually return their objects directly for single-iteration behavior, or a supplemental object with scan-specific state for multiple-scan support.

The truth of the New Democrats’ purpose was presented by the journalist Joe Klein in his famous 1996 roman à clef about Clinton’s run for the presidency, Primary Colors. Although the novel contains more than a nod to Clinton’s extramarital affairs, Klein seems broadly sympathetic to the man from Arkansas as well as to the DLC project more generally. Toward the equality-oriented politics of the Democratic past he is forthrightly contemptuous. Old people who recall fondly the battles of the Thirties, for example, are objects of a form of ridicule that Klein thinks he doesn’t even need to explain; it is self-evident that people who care about workers are fools. And when an old-school “prairie populist” challenges the Clinton character for the nomination, Klein describes him as possessing “a voice made for crystal radio sets” and “offering Franklin Roosevelt’s jobs program (forestry, road-building) to out-of-work computer jockeys.” Get it? His views are obsolete! “It was like running against a museum.” That was the essential New Democrat idea: The world had changed, but certain Democratic voters expected their politicians to help them cling to a status that globalization had long since revoked. However,

The most important advantage of an object-oriented programming language is that the objects—for instance, various objects in a video game—can be specified independently and then combined to create new programs. Writing a new object-oriented program sometimes feels a bit like throwing a bunch of animals into a cage and watching what happens. The behavior of the program emerges, as a result of the interactions of the programmed objects. For this reason, as well as the fact that object-oriented languages are relatively new, you might think twice about one for writing a safety-critical system that flies an airplane.

More recently, a new generation of languages has begun to emerge. These languages—Small-Talk, C++, Java—are object-oriented. They treat a data structure—for instance, a picture to be drawn on the screen—as an “object” with its own internal state, such as where it is to be drawn or what color it is. These objects can receive instructions from other objects. To understand why this is useful, imagine that you are writing a program for a video game involving bouncing balls. Each ball on the screen is defined as a different object. The program specifies rules of behavior that tell the object how to draw itself on the screen, move, bounce, and interact with other objects in the game. Each ball will exhibit similar behavior, but each will be in a slightly different state, because each will be in its own position on the screen and will have its own color, velocity, size, and so forth.

structured programming, object-orient programming, and functional programming.

Object-oriented programming imposes discipline on indirect transfer of control.

let

from directly.

and returns

by having

Object-oriented programming is discipline imposed upon indirect transfer of control.

PART II Introduction To Object-Oriented Programming

David Parnas, whose paper was one of the origins of object-oriented concepts, sees the matter differently. He writes me: The answer is simple. It is because [O-O] has been tied to a variety of complex languages. Instead of teaching people that O-O is a type of design, and giving them design principles, people have taught that O-O is the use of a particular tool. We can write good or bad programs with any tool. Unless we teach people how to design, the languages matter very little. The result is that people do bad designs with these languages and get very little value from them. If the value is small, it won't catch on.

Description As one of the high level programming languages, Python is considered a vital feature for data structuring and code readability. Developers need to learn python 1 ,2 & 3 to qualify as experts. It is object-oriented and taps the potential of dynamic semantics. As a scripting format it reduces the costs of maintenance and lesser coding lines due to syntax assembly. Job responsibilities Writing server side applications is one of the dedicated duties of expected from a skilled worker in this field. If you enjoy working backend, then this is an ideal job for you. It involves: · Connecting 3rd party apps · Integrating them with python · Implement low latency apps · Interchange of data between users and servers · Knowledge of front side technologies · Security and data protection and storage Requisites to learn There are several training courses for beginners and advanced sessions for experienced workers. But you need to choose a really good coaching center to get the skills. DVS Technologies is an enabled Python Training in Bangalore is considered as one of the best in India. You will need to be acquainted with: · Integrated management/ development environment to study · A website or coaching institute to gather the knowledge · Install a python on your computer · Code every day to master the process · Become interactive Course details/benefits First select a good Python Training institute in Bangalore which has reputed tutors to help you to grasp the language and scripting process. There are several courses and if you are beginner then you will need to opt for the basic course. Then move on to the next advanced level to gain expertise in the full python stack. As you follow best practices, it will help you to get challenging projects. Key features of certification course and modules · Introduction to (Python) programming · Industry relevant content · Analyze data · Experiment with different techniques · Data Structures Web data access with python · Using database with this program DVS Technology USP: · Hands-on expert instructors: 24-hour training · Self-study videos · Real time project execution · Certification and placements · Flexible schedules · Support and access · Corporate training

The great idea of object-oriented programming is to make these containers fully general, so that they can contain operations as well as data, and that they are themselves values that can be stored in other containers, or passed as parameters to operations. Such containers are called objects.

one way in which Scala is more object-oriented than Java is that classes in Scala cannot have static members.

A culture can be thought of as ever-evolving software that sits on top of—and synergistically interacts with—both biological hardware and firmware, addressing flaws our biology hasn’t had sufficient evolutionary time to address. To go further with this analogy: Biological evolution provides some basic coding, much like a low-level programming language might for a given hardware, whereas cultural evolution manipulates the high-level, object-oriented code that lets us program highly nuanced behaviors.

Object-oriented programming had boldly promised “to model the world.” Well, the world is a scary place where bad things happen for no apparent reason, and in this narrow sense I concede that OO does model the world.

I don’t predict the demise of object-oriented programming, by the way. Though I don’t think it has much to offer good programmers, except in certain specialized domains, it is irresistible to large organizations. Object-oriented programming offers a sustainable way to write spaghetti code. It lets you accrete programs as a series of patches. Large organizations always tend to develop software this way, and I expect this to be as true in a hundred years as it is today.

As an educator, I’ve sometimes found the rate of change in Python and its libraries to be a negative, and have on occasion lamented its growth over the years. This is partly because trainers and book authors live on the front lines of such things — it’s been my job to teach the language despite its constant change, a task at times akin to chronicling the herding of cats!

Containment is the simple idea that a class contains a primitive data element or object. A lot more is written about inheritance than about containment, but that's because inheritance is more tricky and error-prone, not because it's better. Containment is the work-horse technique in object-oriented programming.

the move toward object-oriented programming, where applications could be fashioned out of small, predefined blocks of code, was a lot like building with LEGO.

Because writing teaches writers to write, this

pdb also includes a postmortem function (pdb.pm()) that you can run after an exception occurs, to get information from the time of the error. See

you can do everything in Python that you can in Perl, but

In the Python way of thinking, explicit is better than implicit, and simple is better than complex.1

give people a tool, and they’ll code for a day; teach them how to build tools, and they’ll code for a lifetime. This

In Python, practicality often beats aesthetics.

All the statements inside the class statement run when the class statement itself runs (not when the class is later called to make an instance).

In general, though, any type of name assignment at the top level of a class statement creates a same-named attribute of the resulting class object.

In Chapter 32, we’ll also meet Python static methods (akin to those in C++), which are just self-less functions that usually process class attributes.

Assignments to instance attributes create or change the names in the instance, rather than in the shared class.

Assignments to instance attributes create or change the names in the instance, rather than in the shared class. More generally, inheritance searches occur only on attribute references, not on assignment:

ZODB, for example, is similar to Python’s shelve but addresses many of its limitations, better supporting larger databases, concurrent updates, transaction processing, and automatic write-through on in-memory changes (shelves can cache objects and flush to disk at close time with their writeback option, but this has limitations: see other resources).

remember that generator functions simply return objects with methods that handle next operations run by for loops at each level, and don’t produce any results until iterated; and

that’s why we need recursion here: the number of nested loops is arbitrary, and depends on the length of the sequence permuted:

As usual in Python, it’s important to understand fundamental principles like those illustrated in the prior section. Python’s “batteries included” approach means you’ll usually find precoded options as well, though you still need to know the ideas underlying them to use them properly.